Luke 1:10
in Luke 1And at the hour of the incense offering, the whole congregation was praying outside.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the hour of incense.
KJV
And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense.
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This verse in Luke 1
Commentary
15 notes on this verseThe whole multitude - were praying - The incense was itself an emblem of the prayers and praises of the people of God: see Psa 141:2; Rev 8:1. While, therefore, the rite is performing by the priest, the people are employed in the thing signified. Happy the people who attend to the spirit as well as the letter of every divine institution! Incense was burnt twice a day in the temple, in the morning and in the evening, Exo 30:7, Exo 30:8; but the evangelist does not specify the time of the day in which this transaction took place.
This site's exposition
One day while Zechariah’s division
on Luke 1:8-10
Priests drew the honor of burning incense by lot from among thousands and only once in a lifetime. So this ordinary morning became the great day of Zechariah’s life.
This site's exposition
the whole congregation was praying outside
The people prayed in the courts while the priest burned incense inside. Clarke notes that incense stood for the prayers of God's people, as Psalm 141 says. So the crowd was doing the very thing the rite pictured.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church4 voices
When did his turn come to burn incense? Without doubt, on the day of atonement, when the high priest alone entered the Holy of Holies, so that we might learn that just as this high priest, having entered the Holy of Holies, received fruit, so …
It was not by a new lot that he was chosen when the incense was to be burnt, but by the old lot, whereby according to the order of his Priesthood he succeeded in the course of Abia. It follows, And all the multitude of the people, &c. Incense was ordered to be carried into the Holy of Holies by the High Priest, the whole people waiting without the temple. It was to be on the tenth day of the seventh month, and this day was to be called the day of expiation or propitiation, the mystery of which day the Apostle explaining to the Hebrews, points to Jesus as the true High Priest, who in His own blood has entered the secret places of heaven that he might reconcile the Father unto us, and intercede for the sins of those who still wait praying before the doors.
By lot he was chosen to burn incense when he entered the temple of the Lord; and the whole multitude of people was praying outside at the hour of incense. He was not chosen by a new lot, for it was the incense to be …
Thirdly, he indicates it was done in the due manner on account of the attendance of the multitude, when he says: And the whole multitude of the people was outside, praying at the hour of incense. All were obliged to attend and pray together, according …
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
Perhaps one reason of ordaining incense might be, to intimate the acceptableness of the prayer that accompanied it; as well as to remind the worshippers of that sacrifice of a sweet-smelling savour, which was once to be offered to God for them, and of that incense, which is continually offered with the prayers of the saints, upon the golden altar that is before the throne, Rev. viii, 3, 4.
7 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
Zechariah the prophet was the last of the Old Testament that was conversant with angels, and Zacharias the priest the first in the New Testament. How Zacharias was employed in the service of God (
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
And the whole multitude of the people were praying without,....
But, when he was compassing the altar, the incense could not be accepted without prayer, any more than the shell without the kernel. (3.) That is not enough for us to be where God is worshipped, if our hearts do not join in the worship, and go along with the minister, in all the parts of it.
The Nineteenth Century4 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
This again was a symbol of the "living sacrifice" of themselves and their services offered daily to God by the worshippers. Hence the language of Ps 141:2; But that the acceptance of this daily offering depended on the expiatory virtue presupposed in the burnt offering, and pointing to the one "sacrifice of a sweet-smelling savor" (Eph 5:2), is evident from Isa 6:6, 7.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
proposed
The first event recorded in Luke's Gospel, is the sudden appearance of an angel to a Jewish priest named Zachariah. The angel announces to him that a son is about to be born to him, by a miraculous interposition — and that this son is to be the forerunner of the long-promised Messiah. The word of God had plainly foretold that when Messiah came — someone would go before him to prepare his way. (Malachi 3:1.) The wisdom of God provided that when this forerunner appeared, he would be born in the family of a priest.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
proposed
The first event recorded in Luke's Gospel, is the sudden appearance of an angel to a Jewish priest named Zachariah. The angel announces to him that a son is about to be born to him, by a miraculous interposition — and that this son is to be the forerunner of the long-promised Messiah. The word of God had plainly foretold that when Messiah came — someone would go before him to prepare his way. (Malachi 3:1.) The wisdom of God provided that when this forerunner appeared, he would be born in the family of a priest. We can form very little idea, at this period of the world, of the immense importance of this angel's announcement. To the mind of a pious Jew, it must have been glad tidings of great joy. It was the first communication from God to Israel since the days of Malachi. It broke the long silence of four hundred years. It told the believing Israelite that the prophetic weeks of Daniel were at length fulfilled, (Daniel 9:25) — that God's choicest promise was at length going to be accomplished — and that "the seed" was about to appear in whom all the nations of the earth would be blessed. (Genesis 22:18.) We must place ourselves in imagination, in the position of Zachariah — in order to give the verses before us their due weight. Let us mark, for one thing, in this passage — the noble testimony which is borne to the character of Zachariah and Elizabeth. We are told that they were "both righteous before God," and that "they walked in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless." It matters little whether we interpret this "righteousness" as that which is imputed to all believers for their justification — or that which is wrought inwardly in believers by the operation of the Holy Spirit, for their sanctification . The two sorts of righteousness are never disjoined.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
The whole multitude - This was the regular time of evening prayer, and multitudes came up to the temple to worship. Praying without - That is, in the courts around the temple, particularly in the court of the women.
The words behind it
13 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | kai | And | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| πᾶν | pan | all | G3956 → | 1235 times |
| τὸ | to | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| πλῆθος | plethos | multitude | G4128 → | 31 times |
| ἦν | en | were | G1510 → | 2333 times |
| τοῦ | tou | of the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| λαοῦ | laou | people | G2992 → | 141 times |
| προσευχόμενον | proseuchomenon | praying | G4336 → | 85 times |
| ἔξω | exo | outside | G1854 → | 63 times |
| τῇ | tea | at the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ὥρᾳ | hora | hour | G5610 → | 106 times |
| τοῦ | tou | of the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| θυμιάματος.¶ | thumiamatos | incense. | G2368 → |
καὶAnd
kaiG2532 →9120 times
πᾶνall
panG3956 →1235 times
τὸthe
toG3588 →19766 times
πλῆθοςmultitude
plethosG4128 →31 times
ἦνwere
enG1510 →2333 times
τοῦof the
touG3588 →19766 times
λαοῦpeople
laouG2992 →141 times
προσευχόμενονpraying
proseuchomenonG4336 →85 times
ἔξωoutside
exoG1854 →63 times
τῇat the
teaG3588 →19766 times
ὥρᾳhour
horaG5610 →106 times
τοῦof the
touG3588 →19766 times
θυμιάματος.¶incense.
thumiamatosG2368 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Hebrews 9:24For Christ did not enter a man-made copy of the true sanctuary, but He entered heaven itself, now to appear on our behalf in the presence of God.
it leads to
- Hebrews 12:2
Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand…
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Hebrews 9:11–12
But when Christ came as high priest of the good things that have come, He went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not made by hands and is not a part…
- Hebrews 9:23
So it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
- Hebrews 12:2
Through
Hebrews 4:14Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to what we profess.
it leads to
- Hebrews 9:24
For Christ did not enter a man-made copy of the true sanctuary, but He entered heaven itself, now to appear on our behalf in the presence of God.
- Hebrews 9:12
He did not enter by the blood of goats and calves, but He entered the Most Holy Place once for all by His own blood, thus securing eternal redemption.
- Hebrews 10:23
Let us hold resolutely to the hope we profess, for He who promised is faithful.
- Hebrews 6:20
where Jesus our forerunner has entered on our behalf. He has become a high priest forever in the order of Melchizedek.
- Hebrews 9:24
Through
Revelation 8:3Then another angel, who had a golden censer, came and stood at the altar. He was given much incense to offer, along with the prayers of all the saints, on the golden altar before…
it leads to
- Revelation 5:8
When He had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb. Each one had a harp, and they were holding golden bowls full of incense, which…
- Revelation 5:8
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies40
On this verse
On this chapter
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- Elijah the Tishbite
- Why Four Gospels
- The Genealogies of Christ
- Hannah: 1 Samuel 1:1-2:21
- Hannah's Prayer: 1 Samuel 2:1-10
- How We Got the Bible
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About Luke

This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Bede, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bede, On the Gospel of Luke; Bonaventure, Commentary on Luke, Chapter 1; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Luke.
