Provenance
The Sources
Every work a page or a note on this site leans on stands here, with its author, its year and its terms. The works are grouped by the period they were written in, and alphabetically by author inside each period. The undated works and the data sets stand at the foot.
- 695Works on the shelfplus 19 data sets
- 545Authors cited
- 146Free to read in fullpublic domain
Summary
Each row names what kind of source it is, so an ancient witness and a modern study never read as the same weight. A work cited in more than one place stands once, with its citations folded under it.
- 695 works stand here, cited 799 times across the site.
- 146 of them are public domain, so you can read them in full for nothing.
- 40 were written before AD 500, and 460 from 1950 onward.
- 80 carry no date on the record and stand in their own section.
The people behind these works have their own pages. Read the 32 voices this site quotes.
The Ancient Church
to AD 500 · 40 works- A Plea for the ChristiansAthenagorasc. 177ancient witnesspublic domain
- City of GodAugustine of Hippoc. 417ancient witnesspublic domaincited three times in this registry
- Homilies (Tractates) on the Gospel of JohnAugustine of Hippoc. 407-417ancient witnesspublic domain
- Berakhot 4bBabylonian Talmudc. 500primary textpublic domain
- b. Nedarim 32aBabylonian Talmud / Genesis Rabbah (via Sefaria)c. 3rd-6th c. ADprimary textpublic domain
- HexaemeronBasil of Caesareac. 378ancient witnesspublic domain
- 1 ClementClement of Romec. 96ancient witnesspublic domaincited twice in this registry
- AnnalsCornelius Tacitusc. AD 116 / trans. 1876ancient witnesspublic domain
Show 16 more of 40
- Epistle 62.3 (to Caecilius)Cyprian of Carthagec. 250-256ancient witnesspublic domain
- Second Temple messianic reading of GenDead Sea Scrolls (4Q252, 4Q174 Florilegium, 4Q175 Testimonia)c. 1st c. BCprimary textpublic domain
- Epistle of BarnabasEpistle of Barnabasc. 70-132ancient witnesspublic domaincited twice in this registry
- Church HistoryEusebius of Caesareac. 320ancient witnesspublic domain
- Antiquities of the JewsFlavius Josephusc. AD 93 / trans. 1737ancient witnesspublic domaincited twice in this registry
- Against HeresiesIrenaeus of Lyonsc. AD 180ancient witnesspublic domaincited five times in this registry
- Homilies on the Gospel of John 85 (NPNF ser. 1 vol 14)John Chrysostomc. 391ancient witnesspublic domain
- Epistle to AristidesJulius Africanus (in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History I.7)c. 225 (NPNF trans. 1890)ancient witnesspublic domain
- Dialogue with TryphoJustin Martyrc. AD 160ancient witnesspublic domaincited three times in this registry
- De Re RusticaLucius Columellac.60ancient witnesspublic domain
- Genesis RabbahMidrash (amoraic compilation)c. 400-450primary textpublic domain
- SukkahMishnahc. AD 200primary textpublic domain
- On the TrinityNovatianc. 250ancient witnesspublic domain
- Against Celsus (ANF vol 4)Origenc. 248ancient witnesspublic domain
- Commentary and Homilies on the Song of SongsOrigenc. AD 240ancient witnesspublic domain
- Commentary on the Gospel of JohnOrigenc. 231ancient witnesspublic domain
The Middle Ages
500 to 1500 · 4 works- Cur Deus HomoAnselm of Canterbury1098studypublic domain
- Sermons on the Song of SongsBernard of Clairvaux1135-53; Eales tr. 1895commentarypublic domain
- Commentary on the Epistle to the RomansPeter Abelardc. 1135commentarypublic domain
- Commentary on the TorahRashi (Shlomo Yitzchaki)1075-1105 (trans. modern)commentaryCC BY
The Reformation and the Puritans
1500 to 1750 · 18 works- Geneva Bible marginal notesGeneva Bible translation team (Whittingham, Gilby, Goodman, Sampson; Junius on Rev.)1560 (expanded 1599)studypublic domain
- Defensio fidei catholicae de satisfactione ChristiHugo Grotius1617studypublic domain
- Annales Veteris Testamenti, a prima mundi origine deductiJames Ussher1650studypublic domain
- UranometriaJohann Bayer1603reference workpublic domain
- Commentaries (Calvin Translation Society: Genesis, Psalms, Isaiah, Gospels, Acts, Romans, Epistles, Hebrews)John Calvin1540s originals / CTS trans. 1843-1855commentarypublic domain
- Commentary on GenesisJohn Calvin1554commentarypublic domain
- Institutes of the Christian ReligionJohn Calvin1559studypublic domaincited twice in this registry
- An Exposition of the Book of Solomon's SongJohn Gill1728commentarypublic domain
Show 10 more of 18
- Types of the MessiahJonathan Edwards1740s (posthumous)studypublic domain
- Commentary on GalatiansMartin Luther1535 lectures / Graebner abridgmentcommentarypublic domain
- Commentary on GenesisMartin Luther1535-45 lectures / trans. c.1858commentarypublic domain
- Table TalkMartin Lutherrecorded 1531-44 / trans. 1857studypublic domain
- The Bondage of the WillMartin Luther1525 / trans. 1823studypublic domain
- Commentary on the Whole BibleMatthew Henry1706commentarypublic domaincited twice in this registry
- Complete Commentary on the Whole BibleMatthew Henry1706-1721commentarypublic domain
- Annotations upon the Holy BibleMatthew Poole1685commentarypublic domain
- Primary source for every count in this lensThe biblical text (KJV 1769; ASV 1901; World English Bible)1611/1769/1901/1997primary textpublic domaincited twice in this registry
- Westminster Confession of FaithWestminster Assembly1646studypublic domaincited twice in this registry
The Modern Era
1750 to 1950 · 93 works- Tractate BerakotA. Cohen1921commentarypublic domain
- The Study of the TypesAda R. Habershon1898modern studypublic domaincited twice in this registry
- Notes on the BibleAlbert Barnes1834commentarypublic domaincited twice in this registry
- The Quest of the Historical JesusAlbert Schweitzer1906modern studypublic domain
- The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament ParallelsAlexander Heidel1946; 1951modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- The Life and Times of Jesus the MessiahAlfred Edersheim1883modern studypublic domaincited six times in this registry
- The Temple: Its Ministry and Services as They Were at the Time of Jesus ChristAlfred Edersheim1874modern studypublic domain
- The Law of the OfferingsAndrew Jukes1854modern studypublic domain
Show 16 more of 93
- The Types in GenesisAndrew Jukes1858modern studypublic domain
- The Siloam InscriptionArchibald H. Sayce; Hermann Guthe1881/1882primary textpublic domain
- Nineveh and Its RemainsAusten Henry Layard1849/1853modern studypublic domain
- The 'Five Books' of Matthew Against the Jews (The Expositor)Benjamin W. Bacon1918/1930modern studypublic domain
- The New Testament in the Original GreekBrooke Foss Westcott & Fenton John Anthony Hort1881reference workpublic domain
- Biblical Commentary on the OTC. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch1866commentarypublic domain
- The Parables of the KingdomC. H. Dodd1935modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- Scofield Reference BibleC. I. Scofield1909modern studypublic domain
- The Chaldee Paraphrase on the Prophet IsaiahC. W. H. Pauli (trans.)1871modern studypublic domain
- Commentary on GenesisCambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges1882commentarypublic domain
- La stele de Mesa, roi de MoabCharles Clermont-Ganneau1870/1887primary textpublic domain
- Une stele du Temple de JerusalemCharles Clermont-Ganneau1872primary textpublic domain
- A Commentary on the Epistle to the EphesiansCharles Hodge1856commentarypublic domain
- The Treasury of DavidCharles Spurgeon1885modern studypublic domain
- The Song of Songs (Historical and Critical CommentaryChristian D. Ginsburg1857commentarypublic domain
- The Annals of SennacheribDaniel D. Luckenbill1924modern studypublic domain
The Present Era
1950 to today · 460 works- Semantic Domains for Biblical Greek: Louw and Nida's Framework Evaluated from a Cognitive Perspective2018modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- Matthew's Transfiguration Story and Jewish-Christian ControversyA. D. A. Moses1996modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- Paul and Arboriculture: Romans 11.17-24, JSNT 24: 25-32A. G. Baxter & J. A. Ziesler1985modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BCA. Kirk Grayson1996primary textIn copyright: cited only
- PARDES: Methodological Reflections on the Theory of the Four SensesA. van der Heide1983modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- The Dynamics of Biblical ParallelismAdele Berlin1985modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and GnosticismAlan F. Segal1977modern studyIn copyright: cited onlycited three times in this registry
- The Greatness of the KingdomAlva J. McClain1959modern studyIn copyright: cited only
Show 16 more of 460
- House of David Restored in Moabite InscriptionAndre Lemaire1994primary textIn copyright: cited only
- L'inscription de Delphes mentionnant le proconsul GallionAndre Plassart1967primary textIn copyright: cited only
- Metamorphosis: The Transfiguration in Byzantine Theology and IconographyAndreas Andreopoulos2005modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- John, in Beale & Carson (eds.), Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old TestamentAndreas J. Koestenberger2007commentaryIn copyright: cited only
- JohnAndreas Kostenberger2004modern studyIn copyright: cited onlycited twice in this registry
- Name that Quote: Exodus 23:20, Malachi 3:1, and Isaiah 40:3 in MarkAndrew D. Sargent2019modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- Ancient Christian Commentary on ScriptureAndrew Louth / Joel C. Elowsky (eds.)2001-2007commentaryIn copyright: cited only
- Knowing Jesus in the Old Testament? A Fresh Look at ChristophanyAndrew S. Malone2015modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- The Vine and the Son of Man: Eschatological Interpretation of Psalm 80 in Early JudaismAndrew Streett2014modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- EphesiansAndrew T. Lincoln1990commentaryIn copyright: cited only
- Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and ChristianityAnnette Yoshiko Reed2005modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- The Sacred Bridge: Carta's Atlas of the Biblical WorldAnson F. Rainey & R. Steven Notley2006reference workIn copyright: cited only
- L'iscrizione di Ponzio Pilato a CaesareaAntonio Frova1961modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- The Origin of Evil SpiritsArchie T. Wright2005modern studyIn copyright: cited only
- Computational Discovery of Chiasmus in Ancient Religious TextarXiv (Computational Discovery of Chiasmus)2025modern studyOpen accesscited twice in this registry
- A Feminist Companion to the Latter ProphetsAthalya Brenner (ed.)1995reference workIn copyright: cited only
Undated works
no year on the record · 80 works- Genesis 1:1 and John 1:1777codes.comn.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- Aramaic of DanielAndrews University Seminary Studiesn.d.studyOpen access
- Genesis 1:1-2 and the Doctrine of Creatio Ex NihiloAnswers Research Journaln.d.studyIn copyright: cited only
- Does the Book of Lamentations Contain 'Forgetful Errors'? Ancient Abecedaries Say NoArmstrong Institute of Biblical Archaeologyn.d.reference workNo terms stated
- Ezekiel 26:1-14: A Proof Text for Inerrancy or Fallibility of the OTAssociates for Biblical Researchn.d.studyIn copyright: cited only
- Kiddushin 30aBabylonian Talmudno dateprimary textCC BY-NC
- The Gans ReportBar-Natan, Drorn.d.studyIn copyright: cited only
- Acrostics in the Hebrew BibleBible Researcher (Michael Marlowe)n.d.reference workNo terms stated
Show 16 more of 80
- List of ~300 OT quotes in the NTbible.can.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- What is the Law of First Mention?BibleHubn.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- Strong's Hebrew 8392 tebahBibleHub / Wikipedian.d.reference workCC BY-SA
- 'Almah in IsaiahBibleInterp (Univ. of Arizona)n.d.studyIn copyright: cited only
- EzekielBibleProjectn.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- Water of LifeBibleProjectn.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- What Is the First Mention Principle?BibleStudy.orgn.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- Can Abecedaries Be Used to Date the Book of Psalms?Biblical Archaeology Societyn.d.reference workNo terms stated
- Taking the Heat in Struggle Over Biblical PoetryBiblical Archaeology Societyn.d.studyIn copyright: cited only
- Wordplay in GenesisBiblical Archaeology Societyn.d.studyIn copyright: cited only
- Theophoric Names in the Hebrew Bible: Divine Elements in Human Identitybiblicalhebrew.orgn.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- But what about John 1:1?BiblicalUnitarian.comn.d.reference workNo terms stated
- John 20:28BiblicalUnitarian.comn.d.web pageIn copyright: cited only
- Names of GodBlue Letter Biblen.d.reference workNo terms stated
- Lexicon entries: qadosh H6918Blue Letter Bible / biblehubn.d.reference workpublic domain
- NT Allusions to Apocrypha and PseudepigraphaBombaxo (Kevin P. Edgecomb)n.d.reference workNo terms stated
Data sets and tooling
how the site counts · 19 entries- TF-IDF glossary (IDF = log(N/df) weighting)Activeloop2024toolingIn copyright: cited only
- CNTR transcriptions + Statistical RestorationAlan Bunning / Center for New Testament Restoration2022toolingCC BY-SA
- BibleDataBrady Stephenson2023toolingCC BY 4.0
- Solving the Bible Code PuzzleBrendan McKay, Dror Bar-Natan, Maya Bar-Hillel, Gil Kalai1999toolingIn copyright: cited only
- MACULA Greek Linguistic DatasetsClear Bible / Biblica, Inc.2022-2024toolingCC BY 4.0
- MACULA Hebrew Linguistic DatasetsClear Bible / Biblica, Inc.2022-2024toolingCC BY 4.0
- The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual VariantsEugene Ulrich2010toolingIn copyright: cited only
- Characterizing the Effects of Translation on Intertextuality using Multilingual Embedding SpacesHope McGovern, Hale Sirin, Tom Lippincott2025toolingOpen access
Show 11 more of 19
- intertextual.bible databaseintertextual.bible maintainers2026toolingNo terms stated
- The Bible as a Network of Memes: Analyzing a Database of Cross-ReferencesIstvan Czachesz2022toolingIn copyright: cited only
- MTEB: Massive Text Embedding BenchmarkNiklas Muennighoff, Nouamane Tazi, Loic Magne, Nils Reimers2023toolingOpen access
- Cross References datasetOpenBible.info2010toolingCC BY 4.0cited four times in this registry
- Bible Geocoding DataOpenBible.info (Stephen Smith)2021-2026toolingCC BY 4.0
- Rethinking the Bible Atlas: The Past as ProbabilityOpenBible.info (Stephen Smith)2021toolingCC BYcited twice in this registry
- A Fisher's exact test justification of the TF-IDF term-weighting schemeP. Sun2025toolingOpen access
- Developer PortalSefaria2026toolingNo terms stated
- STEPBible-Data TAHOT/TAGNT tagged textSTEPBible (Tyndale House)2026toolingCC BY
- STEPBible-DataTyndale House / STEPBible2024toolingCC BY 4.0cited six times in this registry
- UBS Parallel Passages DatabaseUnited Bible Societies2023toolingCC BY-SA 4.0
