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Genesis 3:14

in Genesis 3

So the LORD God said to the serpent: “Because you have done this, cursed are you above all livestock and every beast of the field! On your belly will you go, and dust you will eat, all the days of your life.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And Jehovah God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, cursed art thou above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life:

KJV

And the Lord God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life:

This verse in Genesis 3

Commentary

17 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

And the Lord God said unto the serpent - The tempter is not asked why he deceived the woman; he cannot roll the blame on any other; self-tempted he fell, and it is natural for him, such is his enmity, to deceive and destroy all he can. His fault admits of no excuse, and therefore God begins to pronounce sentence on him first. And here we must consider a twofold sentence, one on Satan and the other on the agent he employed.

This site's exposition

On your belly will you go

The serpent is sentenced first, with no question put to him. Adam Clarke reads that order as the tempter's own: he has no one to blame, so the sentence begins with him. The belly and the dust are the posture of a beaten enemy, all the days of his life. Isaiah 65:25 keeps dust as the serpent's food in the restored creation, and Revelation 12:9 names him the ancient serpent, the devil and Satan.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

TWO BOOKS ON GENESIS AGAINST THE MANICHAEANS 2.17.26 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

The serpent is not now questioned but received punishment first, because he cannot confess his sin. One who cannot confess sin has no ground at all for excusing himself. There is no mention now of that condemnation of the devil that is reserved for the last judgment, of which the Lord speaks when he says, "Depart into the eternal fire, which has been prepared for the devil and his angels." Rather it mentions that punishment of his against which we must be on guard. For his punishment is that he has in his power those who despise the command of God. The words by which sentence is pronounced against him make this clear. The punishment is the greater because he rejoices over this unhappy power, whereas before his fall he was accustomed to rejoice in the sublime truth, in which he did not remain. Hence even the cattle are set ahead of him, not in power but in the preservation of their nature. For cattle did not lose a heavenly happiness that they never had but live their life in the nature that they received. Hence God said to him, "You will creep upon your chest and belly." We can see this in the snake as well, and the expression is transferred from that visible animal to this invisible enemy of ours. For the term chest signifies "pride" because the strong drives of the soul rule there. The term belly signifies "carnal desire" because that part of the body is recognized as softer. Since by these means he creeps up on those whom he wants to deceive, God said, "You will creep upon your chest and belly."

A commentator

Ephrem the Syrian

Commentary (church-history corpus) · Written before 373.

proposed

When the two of them had been questioned and found to be lacking in contrition or valid excuse, God descended to the serpent, not with a question, but with a punishment.

A commentator

Ephrem the Syrian

COMMENTARY ON GENESIS 2.29.1 · Written before 373.

proposed

When [Adam and Eve] had been questioned and were both found to be wanting in remorse or true contrition, God went down to the serpent, not to make inquiry but to render punishment.

A commentator

Ephrem the Syrian

COMMENTARY ON GENESIS 2.29.2 · Written before 373.

proposed

"Cursed are you above every beast," because you deceived those who rule over all the beasts. Instead of being more clever than all the beasts you will be more cursed than all the beasts and "on your belly shall you go," because you brought birth …

A commentator

Jerome

Hebrew Questions on Genesis · Written before 420.

proposed

(Verse 14.) You shall tread upon your chest and your stomach. The Septuagint translators added the stomach, but in Hebrew it only has the chest, to reveal the cunning and cunning thoughts, that all his steps are wickedness and deceit. But also what follows: You shall eat dust. In Hebrew it is written 'Aphar,' which we can say is ashes and dust.
10 more voices on this verse

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Commentary (church-history corpus) · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

Notice, moreover, the good Lord is satisfied with their words and doesn't oblige them to say any more. You see, since he was not unaware of the truth when he asked them, but rather knew, and knew very well, he shows considerateness for their limitations so as to demonstrate his own loving kindness, and he invites them to make admission of their faults. Hence he asks them nothing further. After all, of course, it was necessary to unmask the kind of deception; but to show us that his questioning did not arise from ignorance, he is satisfied with their words. The woman, remember, in saying, "The serpent deceived me and I ate," hinted at that deadly advice which she had accepted from the devil, namely, You will be like gods after eating it. Did you notice how precisely Adam was questioned? With how much longsuffering the woman also was brought before the tribunal? How each of them made their excuse? Now, then, consider in this passage the surpassing degree of the Judge's ineffable love: when the woman said, "The serpent deceived me and I ate," he doesn't then grant the serpent a reply, nor give it opportunity for excuse, nor question it as he did the man and woman; instead, he accepts the excuses from them and turns on that creature as the guilty party in all the evils. Since, from his being God, and therefore knowing secret things, he was aware that the serpent was the means of achieving the devil's advice and his envy shown in regard to human beings, his purpose was for you to discover his goodness in the way he addressed himself in their case (despite his knowledge of the facts), to Adam, on the one hand, in the words, "Where are you? Who told you you are naked?" and, on the other hand, to the woman in the words, "Why did you do it?" whereas in the case of this evil creature he did nothing of the sort. What did he say to him?

A commentator

Caesarius of Arles

SERMONS 136 · Written before 542.

proposed

God said to the devil: "Dust you shall eat." Is it the earth that we tread underfoot that the devil eats, brethren? No, it is people who are earthly minded, sensual and proud, who love the earth and place all their hopes in it.

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On Paradise, 15.73-74 · Written before 397.

proposed

The serpent is a type of the pleasures of the body. The woman stands for our senses and the man for our minds. Pleasure stirs the senses, which in turn have their effect on the mind. Pleasure, therefore, is the primary source of sin. For this reason, do not wonder at the fact that by God's judgment the serpent was first condemned, then the woman and finally the man. The order of condemnation, too, corresponded to that of the crimes committed, for pleasure usually captivates the senses, and the senses captivate the mind.

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron) · Written before 735.

proposed

You shall go upon your breast, and you shall eat dust all the days of your life. For indeed, the serpent goes on its breast because all the steps of the devil are wickedness and deceit: for in its breast is indicated the craftiness and …

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron) · Written before 735.

proposed

And the Lord God said to the serpent: Because you have done this, you are cursed above all cattle and beasts of the earth.

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

And the Lord God said unto the serpent,.... And to the devil in it; for what follows may be applied to both; literally to the serpent, and mystically to Satan; both are punished, and that very justly, the serpent in being the instrument Satan made use of, and is cursed for his sake, as the earth for man's; and the punishing the instrument as well as the principal, the more discovers God's detestation of the act for which they are punished, as appears in other instances, Exo 21:

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

From being a model of grace and elegance in form, it has become the type of all that is odious, disgusting, and low [LE CLERC, ROSENMULLER]; or the curse has converted its natural condition into a punishment; it is now branded with infamy and avoided with horror; next, on the spiritual serpent, the seducer.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

From being a model of grace and elegance in form, it has become the type of all that is odious, disgusting, and low [LE CLERC, ROSENMULLER]; or the curse has converted its natural condition into a punishment; it is now branded with infamy and avoided with horror; next, on the spiritual serpent, the seducer.
SOME master in Israel who wanted to help the memories of his hearers has said that the three things to be preached above everything else are the three R's—Ruin, Redemption and Regeneration. He spoke wisely and well. How will men seek salvation if they do not feel their ruin? Where is there salvation except in the atoning blood? What is salvation but being created anew unto holiness? It is a noteworthy fact that, in Holy Scripture there are three third chapters which deal with these things in the fullest manner. The third of Genesis reveals Ruin.
SOME master in Israel who wanted to help the memories of his hearers has said that the three things to be preached above everything else are the three R's—Ruin, Redemption and Regeneration. He spoke wisely and well. How will men seek salvation if they do not feel their ruin? Where is there salvation except in the atoning blood? What is salvation but being created anew unto holiness? It is a noteworthy fact that, in Holy Scripture there are three third chapters which deal with these things in the fullest manner. The third of Genesis reveals Ruin. The third of Romans teaches Redemption. The third of John sets forth Regeneration. Will our young friends be so good as to read those chapters through with care, at home? It is also worthy of mention that not only do each of these chapters teach its own R, but that it also teaches the other two R's. In this third of Genesis we have not only Ruin, but we have the Redeemer in "the Seed of the woman," and we have Regeneration in the expression, "I will put enmity between you and the woman." God's regenerating power creates a hatred of evil in the chosen seed. The same you will find in the other chapters, for the third of Romans contains a fearful description of the sin and ruin of men. And in the third of John, after you have read, "You must be born again," not far from it you find it written, "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him might not perish, but have eternal life." Believe any of these great Truths of God and the rest follow as a necessary consequence. May we be helped this morning to learn something with regard to Ruin, Redemption and Regeneration from the passage now before us! I pray you, never regard that story of the serpent as a fable. It is said, nowadays, that it is a mere allegory.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

From a study of this verse, Rabbi Yehoshua the son of Chananya derived the fact that a serpent gives birth once in seven years; 394 Bechoroth 8a. See my Hebrew commentary, p. this they investigated and found to be so. 395 See Bereshith Rabbah:7.
Ramban: Spain, 1194–1270 · Ramban on Genesis 3:14:1, via Sefaria, Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
WHAT IS THIS THOU HAST DONE to transgress My commandment? For the woman was included in the admonition given to Adam since at that time she was yet bone of his bones, and similarly she was included in his punishment.
Ramban: Spain, 1194–1270 · Ramban on Genesis 3:13:1, via Sefaria, Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 2 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

23 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיֹּאמֶר֩and he said

    vaiyomerH559 →5305 times

  • יְהֹוָ֨הYahweh

    yahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • אֱלֹהִ֥ים׀God

    ʾelohimH430 →2601 times

  • אֶֽל־to

    ʾel-H413 →5510 times

  • הַנָּחָשׁ֮the snake

    hanachashH5175 →31 times

  • כִּ֣יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • עָשִׂ֣יתָyou have done

    ʾasitaH6213 →2628 times

  • זֹּאת֒this

    zotH2063 →603 times

  • אָר֤וּר[are] cursed

    ʾarurH779 →63 times

  • אַתָּה֙you

    ʾatahH859 →1094 times

  • מִכָּל־more than all

    mikolH3605 →5413 times

  • הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה<the> livestock

    habehemahH929 →190 times

  • וּמִכֹּ֖לand more than every

    umikolH3605 →5413 times

  • חַיַּ֣ת<the> animal of

    chaiyatH2416 →498 times

  • הַשָּׂדֶ֑הthe field

    hasadehH7704 →334 times

  • עַל־on

    ʾal-H5921 →5755 times

  • גְּחֹנְךָ֣belly your

    gechonekhaH1512 →

  • תֵלֵ֔ךְyou will go

    telekhH1980 →1546 times

  • וְעָפָ֥רand dust

    veafarH6083 →110 times

  • תֹּאכַ֖לyou will eat

    tokhalH398 →810 times

  • כָּל־all

    kol-H3605 →5413 times

  • יְמֵ֥י[the] days of

    yemeiH3117 →2304 times

  • חַיֶּֽיךָ׃life your

    chaiyeikhaH2416 →498 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Genesis 9:6

    Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man his blood will be shed; for in His own image God has made mankind.

    it leads to

    • Leviticus 24:17

      And if a man takes the life of anyone else, he must surely be put to death.

    • Matthew 26:52

      “Put your sword back in its place,” Jesus said to him. “For all who draw the sword will die by the sword.

    • Revelation 13:10

      “If anyone is destined for captivity, into captivity he will go; if anyone is to die by the sword, by the sword he must be killed.” Here is a call for the perseverance and…

    • Exodus 21:12–14

      Whoever strikes and kills a man must surely be put to death.

    • Numbers 35:33

      Do not pollute the land where you live, for bloodshed pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land on which the blood is shed, except by the blood of the…

  • Through

    Psalms 72:9

    May the nomads bow before him, and his enemies lick the dust.

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 49:23

      Kings will be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursing mothers. They will bow to you facedown and lick the dust at your feet. Then you will know that I am the LORD;…

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

  • Through

    Isaiah 29:4

    You will be brought low, you will speak from the ground, and out of the dust your words will be muffled. Your voice will be like a spirit from the ground; your speech will…

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 8:19

      When men tell you to consult the spirits of the dead and the spiritists who whisper and mutter, shouldn’t a people consult their God instead? Why consult the dead on behalf of the living?

  • Through

    Isaiah 65:25

    The wolf and the lamb will feed together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox, but the food of the serpent will be dust. They will neither harm nor destroy on all…

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 11:6–9

      The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them.

Where this verse is studied

About Genesis

Adam and Eve Are Driven out of Eden — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Adam and Eve Are Driven out of Eden — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Ambrose of Milan, On Paradise, 15.73-74; Augustine of Hippo, TWO BOOKS ON GENESIS AGAINST THE MANICHAEANS 2.17.26; Bede, Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron); Caesarius of Arles, SERMONS 136; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2165: “The Serpent's Sentence” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Ephrem the Syrian, Commentary (church-history corpus); Ephrem the Syrian, COMMENTARY ON GENESIS 2.29.1; Ephrem the Syrian, COMMENTARY ON GENESIS 2.29.2; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Hebrew Questions on Genesis; John Chrysostom, Commentary (church-history corpus) and John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763).