King

How Nave’s arranged it

• Called KING OF KINGSEzra 7:12Ezekiel 26:7Daniel 2:37
• Divinely authorizedDeuteronomy 17:151 Samuel 9:161 Samuel 9:171 Samuel 16:121 Chronicles 22:102 Chronicles 2:112 Chronicles 2:12Proverbs 8:15Daniel 2:21Daniel 2:37Daniel 4:17Daniel 5:20Hosea 8:4Hosea 13:11
• How chosen
• By divine appointment, Saul1 Samuel 10:1
• David and the Davidic dynasty1 Samuel 16:1–13
• Hereditary succession2 Samuel 7:12–161 Kings 1:28–302 Chronicles 21:32 Chronicles 21:4Psalms 89:35–37
• See Israel, Kings of Judah
• Not hereditary1 Chronicles 1:43–51
• See Israel, Kings of Israel, after the revolt
• By lot1 Samuel 10:201 Samuel 10:21
• Modes of induction into office
• By anointing

The passages, in Bible order (181)

The same references, sorted Genesis to Revelation. The first 16 are quoted in full; the rest are one click beneath them, book by book.

1. Deuteronomy 17:14–19

   When you enter the land that the LORD your God is giving you and have taken possession of it and settled in it, and you say, “Let us set a king over us like all the nations around us,”

   ›Commentary on Deuteronomy 17:14–192 voices

   “When thou art come unto the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee,....

   “No encouragement is given to the desire, natural in an Oriental people, for monarchical government; but neither is such desire blamed, as appears from the fact that conditions are immediately laid down upon which it may be satisfied. Compare the marginal references.

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2. Deuteronomy 17:15

   you are to appoint over yourselves the king whom the LORD your God shall choose. Appoint a king from among your brothers; you are not to set over yourselves a foreigner who is not one of your brothers.

   ›Commentary on Deuteronomy 17:152 voices

   “Thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee whom the Lord thy God shall choose,....

   “The king, like the judges and officers (compare Deu 16:18), is to be chosen by the people; but their choice is to be in accordance with the will of God, and to be made from among “their brethren.” Compare 1Sa 9:15; 1Sa 10:24; 1Sa 16:1; 1Ki 19:16. Thou mayest not set a stranger over thee - The Jews extended this prohibition to all offices whatsoever (compare Jer 30:21); and naturally attached the greatest importance to it: from where the significance of the question proposed to our Lord, “Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar?” Mat 22:

   Everything gathered on Deuteronomy 17:15→

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3. Deuteronomy 17:18–20

   When he is seated on his royal throne, he must write for himself a copy of this instruction on a scroll in the presence of the Levitical priests.

   ›Commentary on Deuteronomy 17:18–202 voices

   “And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom,....

   “He shall write him a copy of this law - משנה התורה הזאת mishneh hattorah hazzoth, an iteration or duplicate of this law; translated by the Septuagint, το δευτερονομιον τουτο this deuteronomy. From this version both the Vulgate Latin and all the modern versions have taken the name of this book; and from the original word the Jews call it Mishneh. See the preface to this book.

   Everything gathered on Deuteronomy 17:18–20→

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4. Judges 12:14

   He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy donkeys. And he judged Israel eight years.

   ›Commentary on Judges 12:141 voice

   “And he had forty sons, and thirty nephews,....

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5. 1 Samuel 9:16

   “At this time tomorrow I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin, and you are to anoint him leader over My people Israel; he will save them from the hand of the Philistines. For I have looked upon My people, because their cry has come to Me.”

   ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 9:162 voices

   “He is also described as a man coming from the land of Benjamin. He is called a man on account of the strength of his works; from the land of Benjamin, on account of his right confession of faith. Benjamin indeed means "son of the right hand." Who then is called this son of the right hand, if not he of whom it is written: "He ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father" (Mark 16:19)?

   “Tomorrow about this time I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin,....

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6. 1 Samuel 9:17

   When Samuel saw Saul, the LORD told him, “Here is the man of whom I spoke; he shall rule over My people.”

   ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 9:172 voices

   “In this passage it must be noted that when a pastor is chosen in the holy Church, sometimes he is ordained for himself and for the people; sometimes neither for the people nor for himself; sometimes for himself, not for the people; and sometimes indeed for the people, not for himself. For himself and the people, when a chosen preacher is given to chosen subjects: because from the very thing by which the multitude of subjects is led to the eternal homeland, gifts of merits are heaped upon the good pastor.

   “And when Samuel saw Saul,....

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7. 1 Samuel 10:1

   Then Samuel took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul’s head, kissed him, and said, “Has not the LORD anointed you ruler over His inheritance?

   ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 10:12 voices

   “1. This indeed is expressed by this anointing, which even now is materially displayed in the holy Church: because he who is placed in a position of authority receives the sacrament of anointing. Because indeed the anointing itself is a sacrament, he who is promoted is well anointed outwardly if he is strengthened inwardly by the power of the sacrament. Let us therefore first consider more attentively the very properties of oil. Oil indeed rises above other liquids, oil nourishes fire, oil is accustomed to heal wounds.

   “Then Samuel took a vial of oil,....

   Everything gathered on 1 Samuel 10:1→

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8. 1 Samuel 10:20

   Thus Samuel had all the tribes of Israel come forward, and the tribe of Benjamin was selected.

   ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 10:202 voices

   “34. He made them all stand by tribes and families, so that he might consider them all, and having considered all, might choose the more suitable one. But since he himself had already known the king by the Lord's revelation, and had anointed him as ruler at His command, why is it that he is still sought out as one to be chosen through tribes and families? But the king had been found by the prophet alone. Therefore, the one already found is sought, so that he who had not been found by the people might be found by them.

   “And when Samuel had caused all the tribes to come near,.... The heads and representatives of them, to the place where the lots were cast: the tribe of Benjamin was taken; the lot fell upon that tribe for the choice of a king out of it; not the tribe of, Reuben, who was the firstborn, nor the tribe of Judah, to whom the kingdom was promised, but the tribe of Benjamin, the least of all the tribes, and which sprung from the youngest son of Jacob, contrary, as it were probable, to the expectation of all.

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9. 1 Samuel 10:21

   Then he had the tribe of Benjamin come forward by its clans, and the clan of Matri was selected. Finally, Saul son of Kish was selected. But when they looked for him, they could not find him.

   ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 10:212 voices

   “34. He made them all stand by tribes and families, so that he might consider them all, and having considered all, might choose the more suitable one. But since he himself had already known the king by the Lord's revelation, and had anointed him as ruler at His command, why is it that he is still sought out as one to be chosen through tribes and families? But the king had been found by the prophet alone. Therefore, the one already found is sought, so that he who had not been found by the people might be found by them.

   “And when he had caused the tribe of Benjamin to come near by their families,....

   Everything gathered on 1 Samuel 10:21→

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10. 1 Samuel 10:24

    Samuel said to all the people, “Do you see the one the LORD has chosen? There is no one like him among all the people.” And all the people shouted, “Long live the king!”

    ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 10:242 voices

    “But I see we must enquire, how this Behemoth, who eats hay like an ox, is said to destroy the life of the spiritual, when, as was before said, by the word 'hay' is designated the life of the carnal. His food also will no longer be choice, if, in eating hay, he seizes the carnal.

    “And Samuel said to all the people, see ye him whom the Lord hath chosen,.... For the choice being made by lot, the disposal of which is of the Lord, it is properly attributed to him, and the people could not object to it, but must allow it was the Lord's doing.

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11. 1 Samuel 10:25

    Then Samuel explained to the people the rights of kingship. He wrote them on a scroll and laid it up before the LORD. And Samuel sent all the people away, each to his own home.

    ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 10:252 voices

    “38. Concerning the law of kingship, because we spoke at length about it above, we recall only this about it: that in the historical narrative it is not prescribed but rather shown what wicked kings will do and what good kings should avoid. Kings are indeed to defend their subjects, not to strip them of their own goods. They ought to provide help to those under them, not to seize their fields, vineyards, and olive groves.

    “Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, According to Ben Gersom, he laid before them the power a king had over his people, and the punishment he might inflict upon them, if they rebelled against him; and some think this is the same he delivered in 1Sa 8:10 concerning the arbitrary power of their kings, and how they would be used by them; and which he here repeated, and then wrote it, that it might be a testimony against them hereafter; with which what Josephus (m) says pretty much agrees, that in the hearing of the king he foretold what would befall them, and then wrote it, and laid it up, that it might be a witness of his predictions; but that in 1Sa 8:10-

    Everything gathered on 1 Samuel 10:25→

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12. 1 Samuel 10:27

    But some worthless men said, “How can this man save us?” So they despised him and brought him no gifts; but Saul remained silent about it.

    ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 10:272 voices

    “But because within the holy Church certain persons do not fear to despise their prelates, let them hear that those who despise the king are called sons of Belial. Through the vice of pride, indeed, they are begotten in imitation of him of whom it is written: 'He beholds every high thing, and he himself is king over all the children of pride' (Job 41:25). They aptly reveal the ways of the proud, because they say: 'Can this man save us?'

    “But the children of Belial said,....

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13. 1 Samuel 11:13

    But Saul ordered, “No one shall be put to death this day, for today the LORD has worked salvation in Israel.”

    ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 11:132 voices

    “15. For the Lord had said above to Samuel: They have not rejected you, but me, that I should not reign over them (1 Kings VIII, 7). But of Saul it was said a little before: Because they despised him, and did not bring him gifts (Ibid., X, 27). But he who was rejected, and he who was despised, after the enemies had been slain and victory obtained, heard the people crying out: Give us the men, and we will kill them.

    “And Saul said,....

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14. 1 Samuel 14:45

    But the people said to Saul, “Must Jonathan die—he who accomplished such a great deliverance for Israel? Never! As surely as the LORD lives, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground, for with God’s help he has accomplished this today.” So the people rescued Jonathan, and he did not die.

    ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 14:452 voices

    “In this passage it should be noted that the king twice uttered an oath above concerning the killing of Jonathan, whom nevertheless, overcome by the insistence of the people, he did not kill. What does it mean that he swore, and by no means kept the assertion of his oath? But from this matter two lessons come to us, namely that we ought to be both cautious and discerning. Cautious indeed, lest we swear; discerning, if we swear to do perverse things. For he who takes care not to swear cannot possibly commit perjury.

    “What then is the meaning of what is said, "Shall Jonathan then die," unless that another would have died for the same fault? By these words of the people there is surely shown to us the power of great discernment, because in the judgment of the elect, not only must the causes of faults be weighed, but also the merits of persons. This is openly shown by these words, because Jonathan is declared not to die not because he was the son of the king, but because he had wrought great salvation in Israel.

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15. 1 Samuel 15:24

    Then Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned; I have transgressed the LORD’s commandment and your instructions, because I feared the people and obeyed their voice.

    ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 15:242 voices

    “26. What does it mean that Saul is rebuked by the prophet for not having heard the voice of the Lord and for having done evil in His eyes, and yet he does not at all confess that he has sinned; but when he sees himself rejected from the kingdom, he confesses that he has sinned and transgressed the word of the Lord and His commands? It is because the proud are bold in despising the words of the humble, yet they cannot, in the manner of the elect, despise the honors they covet.

    “And Saul said unto Samuel, I have sinned,....

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16. 1 Samuel 16:1–13

    Now the LORD said to Samuel, “How long are you going to mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go. I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem, for I have selected from his sons a king for Myself.”

    ›Commentary on 1 Samuel 16:1–132 voices

    “[Daniel 9:2] "I, Daniel, understood by the books the number of the years concerning which the word of the Lord had come to the prophet Jeremiah, that seventy years would be accomplished for the desolation of Jerusalem." Jeremiah had predicted seventy years for the desolation of the Temple (Jeremiah 29:1-10), at the end of which the people would again return to Judaea and build the Temple and the city of Jerusalem. But this fact did not render Daniel careless, but rather encouraged him to pray that God might through his supplications fulfil that which He had graciously promised.

    “And the Lord said unto Samuel,....

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