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Galatians 3:22

in Galatians 3

But the Scripture pronounces all things confined by sin, so that by faith in Jesus Christ the promise might be given to those who believe.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

But the scripture shut up all things under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.

KJV

But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.

This verse in Galatians 3

Commentary

20 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Galatians · Written before 420.

(v21 onwards) So is the law against the promises of God? Certainly not! For if there had been a law given which could have given life, truly righteousness would have been by the law. But the Scripture has confined all under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. But before faith came, we were kept under guard by the law, kept for the faith which would afterward be revealed. Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

This site's exposition

Is the law, then, opposed to the promises of God?

on Galatians 3:21-22

Paul heads off the inference that law and promise are rivals: Certainly not! The law fails to justify because it was never given to give life. Instead the Scripture pronounces all things confined by sin, a jailer's word.

This site's exposition

the Scripture pronounces all things confined by sin

Confined translates synekleisen, to shut up together as in a prison. The Scripture's verdict closes every exit a person might take to righteousness through the law. That closure serves the promise, which leaves faith in Jesus Christ as the one open door.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Tertullian

Against Marcion Book V · Written before 220.

Whose grace, if not of that God from whom also came the law? Unless it be, forsooth, that the Creator intercalated His law for the mere purpose of producing some employment for the grace of a rival god, an enemy to Himself (I had almost said, a god unknown to Him), "that as sin had" in His own dispensation "reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto (eternal) life by Jesus Christ," His own antagonist!

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

ON THE GRACE OF CHRIST 9 · Written before 430.

proposed

For those who are proud it is useful to be more closely bound under sin, so that they would not presume on free will for the performance of righteousness, as though upon their own strength.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS 25 [1B.3.21-22] · Written before 430.

proposed

Transgression of the law was needed to break the pride of those who, glorying in their father Abraham, boasted of having a sort of natural righteousness. They caused more harm to the Gentiles the more arrogantly they flaunted the merits of their circumcision. But the Gentiles could be humiliated very easily even without transgression of this sort of law, for the grace of the gospel found that these men, who knew that they had received no root of wisdom from their parents, were actually slaves to idols.… The law was therefore given not to take away sin but to include all under sin. For the law showed that to be sin which the Jews in their blindness deemed to be righteousness, so that by this humiliation they might know that their salvation was not in their own hands but in the hand of a mediator.… This very humility was fitted to the recognition of Christ, who is the paradigm of humility.

A commentator

Fulgentius of Ruspe

ON THE TRUTH OF PREDESTINATION 1.41 · Written before 533.

proposed

Law without grace, then, can expose disease but cannot heal. It can reveal the wounds but does not administer the remedy. But so that the law's precepts may be fulfilled, grace provides assistance within.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Homily on Galatians 3 · Written before 407.

proposed

As the Jews were not even conscious of their own sins, and in consequence did not even desire remission; the Law was given to probe their wounds, that they might long for a physician. And the word "shut up" means "convinced" and conviction held them in fear. You see then it is not only not against, but was given for the promises. Had it arrogated to itself the work and the authority, the objection would stand; but if its drift is something else, and it acted for that, how is it against the promises of God? Had the Law not been given, all would have been wrecked upon wickedness, and there would have been no Jews to listen to Christ; but now being given, it has effected two things; it has schooled its followers in a certain degree of virtue, and has pressed on them the knowledge of their own sins. And this especially made them more zealous to seek the Son, for those who disbelieved, disbelieved from having no sense of their own sins, as Paul shows; "For being ignorant of God's righteousness, and seeking to establish their own righteousness, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God." (Rom. x: 3)
12 more voices on this verse

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Oecumenius

Commentary on Galatians · Written before 550.

proposed

"but Scripture has limited," that is, he allowed it to be confined and, as it were, to squeeze everyone into sin, God, through his various proper reasons and administrations. But Scripture says that faith in Christ would be given a place. For even formerly the …

The Medieval Church3 voices

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on Galatians · Written before 1274.

proposed

Then when he says, "But the scripture hath concluded all under sin," he shows that the Law is not only not opposed to grace but serves it. First, he shows that the Law serves God's promises; Secondly, how this service was made manifest in the …

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Commentary on Galatians · Written before 1107.

proposed

The Law, he says, did not have the power to free from sins, but contributed to "shutting up" people under sin, that is, to show them as sinners and compel them to desire the remission of sins and turn to Christ, who is able to …

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 14 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

And they killed the prophets, and their followers too, and they received false prophets, thus revealing their malice. And so the Scripture shut up all things under sin, the first through ignorance, the second through weakness, and the third through malice, so that when Christ …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)

But, on the contrary, the scripture wherein that law is written hath concluded all under sin - Hath shut them up together, (so the word properly signifies,) as in a prison, under sentence of death, to the end that all being cut off from expecting justification by the law, the promise might be freely given to them that believe.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

), or declared that all, both Jew and Gentile, are in a state of guilt, and therefore unable to attain to righteousness and justification by the works of the law.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

But the Scripture hath concluded all under sin,....

The Nineteenth Century5 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

But the scripture hath concluded - All the writings of the prophets have uniformly declared that men are all sinners, and the law declares the same by the continual sacrifices which it prescribes.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

But--as the law cannot give life or righteousness [ALFORD]. Or the "But" means, So far is righteousness from being of the law, that the knowledge of sin is rather what comes of the law [BENGEL]. the scripture--which began to be written after the time of the promise, at the time when the law was given.
IN every work which we undertake it is most important that we should act upon right principles, for if we are misled upon essential points, our efforts will be wasted since success cannot possibly be the result. A man may study the stars as long as he pleases, but he certainly will not come to right conclusions if he calculates their courses upon the theory that they daily revolve around the earth as a center.
IN every work which we undertake it is most important that we should act upon right principles, for if we are misled upon essential points, our efforts will be wasted since success cannot possibly be the result. A man may study the stars as long as he pleases, but he certainly will not come to right conclusions if he calculates their courses upon the theory that they daily revolve around the earth as a center. The alchemists were earnest even to enthusiasm, but the object of their pursuit was unattainable and the theories which guided their investigations were absurd, and, therefore, they exhibited a sorrowful spectacle of misapplied perseverance and labor thrown away. In mechanics the most ingenious contriver must fail if he forgets the Law of gravitation. You must proceed upon right principles, or disappointment awaits you. If a man in London believed that he would reach the city of York by traveling rapidly to the south, he would certainly fail, even though he had a special express attached to his carriage. If another should be sincerely of the opinion that by drinking a strong poison he would restore himself to health, his friends and survivors would have to regret his infatuation. The earnestness of his belief will not alter the fact—the principles which make the deadly drug so murderous will not yield because the man is sincere—and he will certainly die for his obstinacy. Now, the greatest matter of concern for any one of us is the eternal salvation of our soul. We need to be saved, and, according to the Scriptures, there is but one way of salvation—but that way does not happen to be in favor among the sons of men.
But the Scripture - The Old Testament (see the note at Joh 5:39), containing the Law of Moses. Hath concluded all under sin - Has “shut up” (συνέκλεισεν sunekleisen) all under the condemnation of sin; that is, has declared all people, no matter what their rank and external character, to be sinners. Of course, they cannot be justified by that law which declares them to be guilty, and which condemns them, any more than the Law of the land will acquit a murderer, and pronounce him innocent, at the same time that it holds him to be guilty. In regard to the meaning of the expression used here; see the note at Rom 11:32; compare Rom 3:9, Rom 3:19. “That the promise by faith of Jesus Christ, etc.” That the promise referred to in the transaction with Abraham, the promise of justification and life by faith in the Messiah. Here we see one design of the Law. It was to show that they could not be justified by their own works, to hedge up their way in regard to justification by their own righteousness, and to show them their need of a better righteousness. The Law accomplishes the same end now. It shows people that they are guilty; and it does it in order that they may be brought under the influence of the pure system of the gospel, and become interested in the promises which are connected with eternal salvation.

The words behind it

18 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Hebrews 9:15

    Therefore Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, now that He has died to redeem them from the transgressions committed under…

    it leads to

    • Romans 3:24–26

      and are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.

    • Romans 8:30

      And those He predestined, He also called; those He called, He also justified; those He justified, He also glorified.

    • Hebrews 9:12

      He did not enter by the blood of goats and calves, but He entered the Most Holy Place once for all by His own blood, thus securing eternal redemption.

    • Romans 8:28

      And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.

    • Hebrews 10:36

      You need to persevere, so that after you have done the will of God, you will receive what He has promised.

  • Through

    1 John 2:25

    And this is the promise that He Himself made to us: eternal life.

    it leads to

    • John 10:28

      I give them eternal life, and they will never perish. No one can snatch them out of My hand.

    • Titus 3:7

      so that, having been justified by His grace, we would become heirs with the hope of eternal life.

    • Jude 1:21

      keep yourselves in the love of God as you await the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you eternal life.

Where this verse is studied

About Galatians

Conversion on the Way to Damascus, Caravaggio, about 1600 to 1601. Public domain.
Conversion on the Way to Damascus, Caravaggio, about 1600 to 1601. Public domain.
This page draws on 19 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, ON THE GRACE OF CHRIST 9; Augustine of Hippo, EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS 25 [1B.3.21-22]; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 14; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1145: “The Great Jail—and How To Get Out Of It” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Fulgentius of Ruspe, ON THE TRUTH OF PREDESTINATION 1.41; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Galatians; John Chrysostom, Homily on Galatians 3; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Oecumenius, Commentary on Galatians; Tertullian, Against Marcion Book V; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Galatians and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Galatians.