Deuteronomy 28:23
in Deuteronomy 28The sky over your head will be bronze, and the earth beneath you iron.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.
KJV
And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron.
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This verse in Deuteronomy 28
Commentary
7 notes on this verseBy the heaven then being brass is signified its being shut up, and refusing its use to the earth. The earth also is iron, for it witholds its produce, and with hostile rigour excludes from its fructifying soil the seeds thrown upon it, which its wont is to cherish as in the bosom of a tender mother. For when does iron bring forth fruit, when does brass melt into showers?
This site's exposition
thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass
on Deuteronomy 28:23-24
Leviticus 26:19 had the heaven as iron and the earth as brass, and here the two metals trade places, brass overhead and iron underfoot. Both images say the sky will give nothing and the ground will take nothing, and the swap suggests two chapters drawing on a shared stock of covenant language rather than one copying the other exactly. Verse 24 turns rain into powder and dust, which Adam Clarke connected with the dust the desert wind carries into that country.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers1 voice
What is meant by "a heaven of brass"? Absolute dryness and lack of aerial waters through which the earth produces its fruits.
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
): Thy heaven over thy head, that part that is over thy land, shall be as dry as brass, while the heavens over other countries shall distil their dews; and, when the heaven is as brass, the earth of course will be as iron, so hard and unfruitful.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
And the heaven that is over thy head shall be brass,....
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
Thy heaven - shall be brass, and the earth - iron - The atmosphere should not be replenished with aqueous vapours, in consequence of which they should have neither the early nor the latter rain; hence the earth - the ground, must be wholly intractable, and, through its hardness, incapable of cultivation. God shows them by this that he is Lord of nature; and that drought and sterility are not casualties, but proceed from the immediate appointment of the Lord.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
heaven . . . brass . . . earth . . . iron--strong Oriental figures used to describe the effects of long-continued drought. This want of regular and seasonable rain is allowed by the most intelligent observers to be one great cause of the present sterility of Palestine.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase
The words behind it
10 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וְהָי֥וּ | vehayu | and they will be | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| שָׁמֶ֛יךָ | shameikha | heavens your | H8064 → | 421 times |
| אֲשֶׁ֥ר | ʾasher | which | H834 → | 5497 times |
| עַל־ | ʾal- | [are] over | H5921 → | 5755 times |
| רֹאשְׁךָ֖ | roshekha | head your | H7218 → | 599 times |
| נְחֹ֑שֶׁת | nechoshet | bronze | H5178 → | 140 times |
| וְהָאָ֥רֶץ | vehaaretz | and the ground | H776 → | 2504 times |
| אֲשֶׁר־ | ʾasher- | which | H834 → | 5497 times |
| תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ | tachteikha | [is] under you | H8478 → | 505 times |
| בַּרְזֶֽל׃ | barzel | iron | H1270 → | 76 times |
וְהָי֥וּand they will be
vehayuH1961 →3559 times
שָׁמֶ֛יךָheavens your
shameikhaH8064 →421 times
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhich
ʾasherH834 →5497 times
עַל־[are] over
ʾal-H5921 →5755 times
רֹאשְׁךָ֖head your
roshekhaH7218 →599 times
נְחֹ֑שֶׁתbronze
nechoshetH5178 →140 times
וְהָאָ֥רֶץand the ground
vehaaretzH776 →2504 times
אֲשֶׁר־which
ʾasher-H834 →5497 times
תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ[is] under you
tachteikhaH8478 →505 times
בַּרְזֶֽל׃iron
barzelH1270 →76 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
1 Kings 17:1Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was among the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As surely as the LORD lives—the God of Israel before whom I stand—there will be neither dew nor rain in…
it leads to
- Luke 4:25–26
But I tell you truthfully that there were many widows in Israel in the time of Elijah, when the sky was shut for three and a half years and great famine swept over all…
- James 5:17
Elijah was a man just like us. He prayed earnestly that it would not rain, and it did not rain on the land for three and a half years.
- Luke 1:17
And he will go on before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to…
- 1 Kings 22:14
But Micaiah said, “As surely as the LORD lives, I will speak whatever the LORD tells me.”
- 2 Kings 3:14
Then Elisha said, “As surely as the LORD of Hosts lives, before whom I stand, were it not for my regard for the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, I would not look at…
- Luke 4:25–26
Through
Amos 4:7“I also withheld the rain from you when the harvest was three months away. I sent rain on one city but withheld it from another. One field received rain; another without rain withered.
it leads to
- Exodus 9:26
The only place where it did not hail was in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites lived.
- Jeremiah 3:3
Therefore the showers have been withheld, and no spring rains have fallen. Yet you have the brazen look of a prostitute; you refuse to be ashamed.
- Exodus 9:26
Through
Leviticus 26:19I will break down your stubborn pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze,
it leads to
- 1 Kings 17:1
Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was among the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As surely as the LORD lives—the God of Israel before whom I stand—there will be neither dew nor rain in…
- 1 Kings 17:1
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies3
On this verse
On this chapter
About Deuteronomy

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Ambrose of Milan, Letters 61-70; Basil of Caesarea, EXEGETIC HOMILIES 3.8; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: The Pentateuch and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
