Concept
Soteriologyalso PesachPassover
A lamb without blemish, blood on the doorposts, judgment passing over the house — Israel's founding night and the calendar of the cross.
#feast#typology
- 70passages
- 87original words
- 221cross-references
- 1thread through it
The words behind it
Hebrew and Greek standing in the 18 passages listed below — not a lexicon of "passover" itself. The number on each word is how often it occurs in those passages; the connecting words the languages use everywhere are set aside so the words that carry meaning can be seen.
Hebrew87
77 more hebrew words ▾
The passages
The first 18 of 70 passages this site attaches to the concept, in canon order. Each row says where it came from.
Old Testament18
- Genesis 22:7thread stop
Then Isaac said to his father Abraham, “My father!” “Here I am, my son,” he replied. “The fire and the wood are here,” said Isaac, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?”(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Genesis 22:72 voices
Therefore he brings his well-beloved son to be sacrificed, and offered promptly him whom he had received late; nor is he restrained by being called by the name of father, when his son called him "Father," and he replied, "My son." Dear pledges of love are these names, but the commands of God are loved still more. And so although their hearts felt for each other, their purpose remained firm.
Ambrose of Milan· On the Decease of His Brother Satyrus, Book 2, Section 97, 397Patristic
And Isaac spake unto Abraham his father,.... As they were walking together: and said, my father; a cutting word to Abraham, who knew what he was going to do with him, so contrary to the relation and affection of a parent: and he said, here am I, my son; what hast thou to say to me?
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 12:3listed key text
Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man must select a lamb for his family, one per household.
Commentary on Exodus 12:32 voices
"The lamb," the Lord says, "must be without blemish. You may take it from either the sheep or the goats." In another place of Holy Writ, it is prescribed that if anyone is unable to keep the Passover in the first month, he is to do so in the second. According to the regulation above, anyone who is unable to sacrifice a lamb may substitute a kid.
Jerome· HOMILY 91, 420Patristic
Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 12:8topical floor
They are to eat the meat that night, roasted over the fire, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
Commentary on Exodus 12:82 voices
And we must eat the meat roasted with fire with unleavened bread. For the Word of God is not only flesh. He says, indeed, "I am the bread of life," and "This is the bread which comes down from heaven that one may eat of it and not die. I am the living bread which came down from heaven.
Origen of Alexandria· COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 10.99-101, 253Patristic
And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire,.... The night of the fourteenth of Nisan; and as the Jews reckoned their days from the evening preceding, this must be the beginning of the fifteenth day, which being observed, will serve to reconcile some passages relating to this ordinance.
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 12:13listed key text
The blood on the houses where you are staying will distinguish them; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will fall on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
Commentary on Exodus 12:132 voices
Original sin could not have easily been forgiven, if a victim had not been offered for it, if that sacred blood of propitiation had not been shed. Even then the words in Exodus were not vainly said of our Lord: "I shall see the blood …
Caesarius of Arles· SERMON 11.5, 542Patristic
And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where you are,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 12:15topical floor
For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. On the first day you are to remove the leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel.(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Exodus 12:152 voices
Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
Cut off - The penalty inflicted on those who transgressed the command may be accounted for on the ground that it was an act of rebellion; but additional light is thrown upon it by the typical meaning assigned to leaven by our Lord, Mat 16:6.
Albert Barnes· Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)Evangelical
- Exodus 12:21topical floor
Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and told them, “Go at once and select for yourselves a lamb for each family, and slaughter the Passover lamb.(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Exodus 12:211 voice
Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 12:46listed key text
It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of the bones.
Commentary on Exodus 12:462 voices
All such efforts are only of use when they are made within the church's pale. We must celebrate the Passover in the one house. We must enter the ark with Noah. We must take refuge from the fall of Jericho with the justified harlot, Rahab.
Jerome· LETTER 22.38, 420Patristic
In one house shall it be eaten,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 12:48topical floor
If a foreigner resides with you and wants to celebrate the LORD’s Passover, all the males in the household must be circumcised; then he may come near to celebrate it, and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised man may eat of it.
Commentary on Exodus 12:481 voice
And when a stranger - will keep the passover, etc. - Let all who sojourn among you, and who desire to partake of this sacred ordinance, not only be circumcised themselves, but all the males of their families likewise, that they may all have an equal right to the blessings of the covenant.
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible, 1832Evangelical
- Exodus 12:49topical floor
The same law shall apply to both the native and the foreigner who resides among you.”
Commentary on Exodus 12:491 voice
One law shall be to him that is homeborn,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 13:3topical floor
So Moses told the people, “Remember this day, the day you came out of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; for the LORD brought you out of it by the strength of His hand. And nothing leavened shall be eaten.
Commentary on Exodus 13:31 voice
And Moses said unto the people,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 13:6topical floor
For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD.
Commentary on Exodus 13:61 voice
Seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 23:15topical floor
You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread as I commanded you: At the appointed time in the month of Abib you are to eat unleavened bread for seven days, because that was the month you came out of Egypt. No one may appear before Me empty-handed.(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Exodus 23:151 voice
Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Exodus 29:38thread stop
This is what you are to offer regularly on the altar, each day: two lambs that are a year old.(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Exodus 29:382 voices
Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
Exo 29:38 The continual burnt-offering - The primary purpose of the national altar is here set forth. The victim slain every morning and every evening was an acknowledgment that the life of the people belonged to Yahweh; the offering of meal was an acknowledgment that all their works rightly done were His due (see Lev. 2); while the incense symbolized their daily prayers. Exo 29:39 At even - See Exo 12:6. Exo 29:40 A tenth deal - i. e. the tenth part of an Ephah; it is sometimes called an Omer (Exo 16:36; see Lev 23:13).
Albert Barnes· Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)Evangelical
- Exodus 34:18topical floor
You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib, you are to eat unleavened bread as I commanded you. For in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt.
Commentary on Exodus 34:181 voice
The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep,.... Which was instituted at the time of their coming out of Egypt, and on that account, and then observed, Exo 12:15 and afterwards repeated, and the month expressed in which they were to keep it, and the reason of it, as it here follows; see Gill on Exo 13:15.
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Leviticus 23:4topical floor
These are the LORD’s appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times.(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Leviticus 23:41 voice
These are the feasts of the Lord, even holy convocations,.... What follow besides the sabbath mentioned: which ye shall proclaim in their seasons; the proper times of the year, the day or days, and month in which they are to be observed; these were to be proclaimed by the priests with the sound of trumpet, namely, what follow, for they are put together, which had been before for the most part singly delivered.
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Leviticus 23:6topical floor
On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread.
Commentary on Leviticus 23:61 voice
And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the Lord,.... Which was the day the children of Israel went out of Egypt with their dough and leaven, having not time to leaven it; in remembrance of which this feast was appointed: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread; see Exo 12:15.
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Numbers 9:2topical floor
“The Israelites are to observe the Passover at its appointed time.(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Numbers 9:21 voice
Let the children of Israel also keep the passover,.... Though this ordinance was enjoined the people of Israel, and observed by them at the time of their coming out of Egypt, and had been since repeated, Lev 23:5; yet without a fresh precept, or an explanation of the former, they seemed not to be obliged, or might not be sensible that they were obliged to keep it, until they came into the land of Canaan, Exo 12:25; and therefore a new order is given them to observe it: at his appointed season; and what that season is is next declared.
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
- Numbers 9:6topical floor
But there were some men who were unclean due to a dead body, so they could not observe the Passover on that day. And they came before Moses and Aaron that same day(opening verse of the passage)
Commentary on Numbers 9:62 voices
Certain men - Probably Mishael and Elizaphan, who buried their cousins, Nadab and Abihu, within a week of this Passover Lev 10:4-5.
Albert Barnes· Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)Evangelical
And there were certain men who were defiled by the dead body of a man,....
John Gill· Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763)Reformed
Voices on these passages
Commentary matched to the verses above, each named with its source — the full pool sits on each verse page.
Therefore he brings his well-beloved son to be sacrificed, and offered promptly him whom he had received late; nor is he restrained by being called by the name of father, when his son called him "Father," and he replied, "My son." Dear pledges of love are these names, but the commands of God are loved still more. And so although their hearts felt for each other, their purpose remained firm.
Ambrose of Milan· On the Decease of His Brother Satyrus, Book 2, Section 97Patristic
Genesis 22:7
"The lamb," the Lord says, "must be without blemish. You may take it from either the sheep or the goats." In another place of Holy Writ, it is prescribed that if anyone is unable to keep the Passover in the first month, he is to do so in the second. According to the regulation above, anyone who is unable to sacrifice a lamb may substitute a kid.
Jerome· HOMILY 91Patristic
Exodus 12:3
And we must eat the meat roasted with fire with unleavened bread. For the Word of God is not only flesh. He says, indeed, "I am the bread of life," and "This is the bread which comes down from heaven that one may eat of it and not die. I am the living bread which came down from heaven.
Origen of Alexandria· COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 10.99-101Patristic
Exodus 12:8
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The passages above carry 221 cross-references between them — links from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, the great 1830s reference work, together with the reader-voted index at OpenBible.info. The most-linked destinations:
Hebrews 11:28→Deuteronomy 24:18→Deuteronomy 5:15→Exodus 20:2→
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Where this comes from
Exodus 12 sets the pattern: the lamb is chosen on the tenth day, kept until the fourteenth, killed at evening, and not a bone of it broken. The blood does not improve the household; it marks it, and the destroyer passes over.
Jesus dies at that feast, on that day, with the same detail preserved — "a bone of him shall not be broken" (John 19:36) — and Paul states the identification flatly: "Christ our passover is sacrificed for us" (1 Corinthians 5:7).