Matthew 5:13
in Matthew 5You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt loses its savor, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled by men.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost its savor, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under foot of men.
KJV
Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
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This verse in Matthew 5
Commentary
27 notes on this verse(Verse 13) You are the salt of the earth. The apostles are called salt because through them the entire human race is season 25 Quod si sal evannerit, in quo salietur? Si doctor erraverit, a quo alio doctore emendabitur? It is worthless beyond nothingness, except to be thrown out and trampled by men. An example is taken from agriculture. For salt, indeed, as a condiment for foods, and for drying meats, it is necessary, but it has no other use.
This site's exposition
the salt of the earth
Salt preserved and seasoned, and the covenant of salt in Leviticus 2:13 and Numbers 18:19 meant a bond kept faithful. Dead Sea salt carried minerals, so the salt could leach out. The warning is of a disciple who keeps the name without the substance, fit to be "trampled by men."
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
(ubi sup.) Persecuted He says generally, comprehending both reproaches and defamation of character. (Serm. in Mont. i. 6.) If you by whom the nations are to be salted shall lose the kingdom of heaven through fear of temporal persecution, who are they by whom your error shall be corrected. Another copy has, If the salt have lost all sense, showing that they must be esteemed to have lost their sense, who cither pursuing abundance, or fearing lack of temporal goods, lose those which are eternal, and which men can neither give nor take away. (ubi sup.) Not he that suffers persecution is trodden under foot of men, but he who through fear of persecution falls away. For we can tread only on what is below us; but he is no way below us, who however much he may suffer in the body, yet has his heart fixed in heaven.
Salt is useful for so many purposes in human life! What need is there to speak about this? Now is the proper time to say why Jesus' disciples are compared with salt. Salt preserves meats from decaying into stench and worms. It makes them edible for a longer period. They would not last through time and be found useful without salt. So also Christ's disciples, standing in the way of the stench that comes from the sins of idolatry and fornication, support and hold together this whole earthly realm.
There may be here seen a propriety in our Lord's language which may be gathered by considering the Apostles' office, and the nature of salt. This, used as it is by men for almost every purpose, preserves from decay those bodies which are sprinkled with it; and in this, as well as in every sense of its flavour as a condiment, the parallel is most exact. The Apostles are preachers of heavenly things, and thus, as it were, salters with eternity; rightly called the salt of the earth, as by the virtue of their teaching, they, as it were, salt and preserve bodies for eternity. And because man is ever liable to change, He therefore warns the Apostles, who have been entitled the salt of the earth, to continue stedfast in the might of the power committed to them, when He adds, If the salt have lost its savour, wherewith shall it be salted? But if the doctors having become senseless, and having lost all the savour they once enjoyed, are unable to restore soundness to things corrupt, they are become useless; and are thenceforth fit only to be cast out and trodden by men. Or even cast out from the Church's store rooms to be trodden under foot by those that walk.
The salt of the earth, I suppose, seems at first like nothing special. So what did Jesus mean when he called the apostles the "salt of the earth"? We must look for the words' appropriate meaning. Both the apostles' task and the nature of salt itself will reveal this. The element of water and the element of fire are combined and united in salt. So ordinary salt, made for the use of the human race, imparts resistance to corruption to the meats on which it is sprinkled. And, of course, it is very apt to add the sensation of hidden flavor. Likewise the apostles are the preachers of surprising heavenly things and eternity. Like sowers, they sow immortality on all bodies on which their discourse has been sprinkled. They are perfected by the baptism of water and fire. So those who are to be salted with the power of gospel teaching have rightly been called the "salt of the earth." They are right now being preserved to the end.
Jesus calls the faithful the "salt of the earth." He warns them to persist in the strength of the power handed over to them. Otherwise, losing their own taste, they are unable to make anything else tasty. Deprived of salt's taste, they are unable to make what is rotten edible. He warns them lest, cast forth from the church storerooms, they be trampled underfoot by the feet of passersby—the very feet of those they should have served with salt.
20 more voices on this verse
The Church Fathers6 voices
He shows that those who have been educated for the faith and in heavenly wisdom ought to remain faithful and steadfast and not "lose their taste." If they forsake the faith and divine wisdom, they either plunge headlong into heresy or return to the folly …
Moreover, salt is changed into another kind of substance by three means, water, the heat of the sun, and the breath of the wind. Thus Apostolical men also were changed into spiritual regeneration by the water of baptism, the heat of love, and the breath of the Holy Spirit. That heavenly wisdom also, which the Apostles preached, dries up the humours of carnal works, removes the foulness and putrefaction of evil conversation, kills the work of lustful thoughts, and also that worm of which it is said their worm dieth not. (Is. 66:24.) The Apostles are the salt of the earth, that is, of worldly men who are called the earth, because they love this earth. It should be known, that in the Old Testament no sacrifice was offered to God unless it were first sprinkled with salt, for none can present an acceptable sacrifice to God without the flavour of heavenly wisdom.
Or, because by the Apostles the whole human race is seasoned. That is, if the doctor have erred, by what other doctor shall he be corrected? The illustration is taken from husbandry. Salt, though it be necessary for seasoning of meats and preserving flesh, has no further use. Indeed we read in Scripture of vanquished cities sown with salt by the victors, that nothing should thenceforth grow there.
A doctor when he is adorned with all the preceding virtues, then is like good salt, and his whole people are salted by seeing and hearing him.
He calls "salt" the frame of mind that is filled with the apostolic word, which is full of understanding. When it has been sown in our souls, it allows the word of wisdom to dwell in us. It has been compared with salt because of salt's good taste and delightfulness. For without salt neither bread nor fish is edible. So too without the apostles' understanding and instruction, every soul is dull and unwholesome and unpleasant to God.
Now then, after giving them due exhortation, He refreshes them again with praises. As thus: the injunctions being high, and far surpassing those in the Old Testament; lest they should be disturbed and confounded, and say, How shall we be able to achieve these things? hear what He saith: Ye are the salt of the earth. Implying, that of absolute necessity He enjoins all this. For not for your own life apart, saith He, but for the whole world, shall your account be. For not to two cities, nor to ten or twenty, nor to a single nation am I sending you, as I sent the prophets; but to earth, and sea, and the whole world; and that in evil case. For by saying, Ye are the salt of the earth, He signified all human nature to have lost its savor, and to be decayed by our sins. For which cause, you see, He requires of them such virtues, as are most necessary and useful for the superintendence of the common sort. For first, the meek, and yielding, and merciful, and righteous, shuts not up his good deeds unto himself only, but also provides that these good fountains should run over for the benefit of others. And he again who is pure in heart, and a peacemaker, and is persecuted for the truth's sake; he again orders his way of life for the common good. Think not then, He saith, that ye are drawn on to ordinary conflicts, or that for some small matters you are to give account. Ye are the salt of the earth. What then? did they restore the decayed? By no means; for neither is it possible to do any good to that which is already spoilt, by sprinkling it with salt. This therefore they did not. But rather, what things had been before restored, and committed to their charge, and freed from that ill savor, these they then salted, maintaining and preserving them in that freshness, which they had received of the Lord. […]
The Medieval Church3 voices
Therefore we must consider that, insofar as each person is able, insofar as he is capable, he should strive to impress upon the Church entrusted to him both the terror of the coming judgment and the sweetness of the kingdom. And he who cannot admonish everyone at once with one and the same voice of exhortation ought to instruct individuals as much as he can, to edify them through private conversations, and to seek fruit in the hearts of his children through simple exhortation. For we must continually weigh what is said to the holy apostles, and through the apostles to us: You are the salt of the earth. If therefore we are salt, we ought to season the minds of the faithful. You then, who are shepherds, consider that you are feeding God's animals. Concerning these animals indeed it is said to God through the Psalmist: Your animals shall dwell in it. And we often see that a block of salt is set before brute animals, so that they may lick that same block of salt and be improved. Therefore, like a block of salt among brute animals, so should the priest be among the people. For the priest must take care what he says to each person, how he admonishes each one, so that whoever is joined to the priest may be seasoned with the taste of eternal life, as if from the touch of salt. For we are not the salt of the earth if we do not season the hearts of our hearers. Indeed, he truly bestows this seasoning upon his neighbor who does not withhold the word of preaching. If therefore the people are the food of God, the priests ought to have been the seasoning of the food. But because while we cease from the practice of prayer and holy instruction, the salt has become tasteless; it cannot season the food of God, and therefore it is not taken up by the Creator, because through our prevailing foolishness it is not seasoned at all.
(ap. Anselm.) When then they who are the heads have fallen away, they are fit for no use but to be cast out from the office of teacher.
Ye are the salt of the earth. The prophets were sent to one race only, but you are the salt of the whole earth. By your teachings and reproofs you act as an astringent upon the slack and the indolent, so that they will not …
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
Ye - Not the apostles, not ministers only; but all ye who are thus holy, are the salt of the earth - Are to season others.
Ye are the salt of the earth,....
To understand what they have to do--they are to be governed by the moral law. Here is, (1.) A general ratification of the law, and a recommendation of it to us, as our rule,
The Nineteenth Century5 voices
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
Ye are the salt of the earth - Salt renders food pleasant and palatable, and preserves from putrefaction. So Christians, by their lives and instructions, are to keep the world from entire moral corruption. By bringing down the blessing of God in answer to their prayers, and by their influence and example, they save the world from universal vice and crime. Salt have lost its savour - That is, if it has become tasteless, or has lost its preserving properties.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
The restoration or non-restoration of grace, or true living Christianity, to those who have lost it, has, in our judgment, nothing at all to do here. The question is not, If a man lose his grace, how shall that grace be restored to him? but, Since living Christianity is the only "salt of the earth," if men lose that, what else can supply its place?
These verses teach us, in the first place, the character which true Christians must support and maintain in the world . The Lord Jesus tells us that true Christians are to be in the world “Ye are the salt of the earth.” Now salt has a peculiar taste of its own, utterly unlike anything else. When mingled with other substances it preserves them from corruption; it imparts a portion of its taste to everything it is mixed with. It is useful so long as it preserves its savour, but no longer. Are we true Christians?
These verses teach us, in the first place, the character which true Christians must support and maintain in the world . The Lord Jesus tells us that true Christians are to be in the world “Ye are the salt of the earth.” Now salt has a peculiar taste of its own, utterly unlike anything else. When mingled with other substances it preserves them from corruption; it imparts a portion of its taste to everything it is mixed with. It is useful so long as it preserves its savour, but no longer. Are we true Christians? Then let us see here our office and our duties! The Lord Jesus tells us that true Christians are to be in the world . “Ye are the light of the world.” Now it is the property of light to be utterly distinct from darkness. The least spark in a dark room can be seen at once. Of all things created, light is the most useful: it fertilizes; it guides; it cheers. It was the first thing called into being ( Genesis 1:3 ). Without it the world would be a gloomy blank. Are we true Christians? Then behold again our position and its responsibility! Surely, if words mean anything, we are meant to learn from these two figures that there must be something marked, distinct and peculiar about our character if we are true Christians. It will never do to idle through life, thinking and living like others, if we mean to be owned by Christ as his people. Have we grace? Then it must be seen . Have we the Spirit? Then there must be fruit . Have we any saving religion? Then there must be a difference of habits, tastes and turn of mind, between us and those who think only of the world. It is perfectly clear that true Christianity is something more than being baptized and going to church. “Salt” and “light” evidently imply peculiarity both of heart and life, of faith and practice.
Ye are the salt of the earth - Our Lord shows here what the preachers of the Gospel, and what all who profess to follow him, should be; the salt of the earth, to preserve the world from putrefaction and destruction. See the note on Lev 2:13. But if the salt have lost his savor - That this is possible in the land of Judea, we have proof from Mr. Maundrell, who, describing the Valley of Salt, speaks thus: “Along, on one side of the valley, toward Gibul, there is a small precipice about two men’s lengths, occasioned by the continual taking away of the salt; and, in this, you may see how the veins of it lie. I broke a piece of it, of which that part that was exposed to the rain, sun, and air, though it had the sparks and particles of salt, Yet It Had Perfectly Lost Its Savour: the inner part, which was connected to the rock, retained its savor, as I found by proof.” See his Trav., 5th edit., last page. A preacher, or private Christian, who has lost the life of Christ, and the witness of his Spirit, out of his soul, may be likened to this salt. He may have the sparks and glittering particles of true wisdom, but without its unction or comfort. Only that which is connected with the rock, the soul that is in union with Christ Jesus by the Holy Spirit, can preserve its savor, and be instrumental of good to others. To be trodden underfoot - There was a species of salt in Judea, which was generated at the lake Asphaltites, and hence called bituminous salt, easily rendered vapid, and of no other use but to be spread in a part of the temple, to prevent slipping in wet weather. This is probably what our Lord alludes to in this place. The existence of such a salt, and its application to such a use, Schoettgenius has largely proved in his Horae Hebraicae, vol. i. p. 18, etc.
Modern Voices3 voices
The call of Jesus Christ means either that we are the salt of the earth, or else we are annihilated; either we follow the call or we are crushed beneath it. There is no question of a second chance.
Is it not only too probable that the mildness of our political satire, when compared with the political satire of our fathers, arises simply from the profound unreality of our current politics? ... If our social relations are more peaceful than those of France or …
And yet, without white, my absurd little pictures would be as pointless as the world would be if there were no good people in it.
The words behind it
26 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ὑμεῖς | humeis | You yourselves | G4771 → | 2973 times |
| ἐστε | este | are | G1510 → | 2333 times |
| τὸ | to | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἅλας | halas | salt | G217 → | |
| τῆς | tes | of the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| γῆς· | ges | earth; | G1093 → | 248 times |
| ἐὰν | ean | if | G1437 → | 352 times |
| δὲ | de | however | G1161 → | 2765 times |
| τὸ | to | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἅλας | halas | salt | G217 → | |
| μωρανθῇ, | moranthea | shall become tasteless, | G3471 → | |
| ἐν | en | with | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| τίνι | tini | what | G5101 → | 563 times |
| ἁλισθήσεται; | halisthesetai | will it be salted? | G233 → | |
| εἰς | eis | For | G1519 → | 1755 times |
| οὐδὲν | ouden | no [thing] | G3762 → | 232 times |
| ἰσχύει | ischuei | it is useful | G2480 → | 28 times |
| ἔτι | eti | any longer | G2089 → | 140 times |
| εἰ | ei | only | G1487 → | 508 times |
| μὴ | me | except for | G3361 → | 1066 times |
| βληθὲν | blethen | being cast | G906 → | 121 times |
| ἔξω | exo | out | G1854 → | 63 times |
| καταπατεῖσθαι | katapateisthai | is to be trampled upon | G2662 → | |
| ὑπὸ | hupo | by | G5259 → | 219 times |
| τῶν | ton | <the> | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἀνθρώπων.¶ | anthropon | men. | G444 → | 549 times |
ὙμεῖςYou yourselves
humeisG4771 →2973 times
ἐστεare
esteG1510 →2333 times
τὸthe
toG3588 →19766 times
ἅλαςsalt
halasG217 →
τῆςof the
tesG3588 →19766 times
γῆς·earth;
gesG1093 →248 times
ἐὰνif
eanG1437 →352 times
δὲhowever
deG1161 →2765 times
τὸthe
toG3588 →19766 times
ἅλαςsalt
halasG217 →
μωρανθῇ,shall become tasteless,
morantheaG3471 →
ἐνwith
enG1722 →2738 times
τίνιwhat
tiniG5101 →563 times
ἁλισθήσεται;will it be salted?
halisthesetaiG233 →
εἰςFor
eisG1519 →1755 times
οὐδὲνno [thing]
oudenG3762 →232 times
ἰσχύειit is useful
ischueiG2480 →28 times
ἔτιany longer
etiG2089 →140 times
εἰonly
eiG1487 →508 times
μὴexcept for
meG3361 →1066 times
βληθὲνbeing cast
blethenG906 →121 times
ἔξωout
exoG1854 →63 times
καταπατεῖσθαιis to be trampled upon
katapateisthaiG2662 →
ὑπὸby
hupoG5259 →219 times
τῶν<the>
tonG3588 →19766 times
ἀνθρώπων.¶men.
anthroponG444 →549 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Colossians 4:6Let your speech always be gracious, seasoned with salt, so that you may know how to answer everyone.
it leads to
- Ephesians 4:29
Let no unwholesome talk come out of your mouths, but only what is helpful for building up the one in need and bringing grace to those who listen.
- 1 Peter 3:15
But in your hearts sanctify Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give a defense to everyone who asks you the reason for the hope that is in you. But respond with gentleness and…
- Ecclesiastes 10:12
The words of a wise man’s mouth are gracious, but the lips of a fool consume him.
- Mark 9:50
Salt is good, but if the salt loses its saltiness, with what will you season it? Have salt among yourselves, and be at peace with one another.”
- Proverbs 15:4
A soothing tongue is a tree of life, but a perverse tongue crushes the spirit.
- Ephesians 4:29
Through
Leviticus 2:13And you shall season each of your grain offerings with salt. You must not leave the salt of the covenant of your God out of your grain offering; you are to add salt to…
it leads to
- Ezekiel 43:24
You must present them before the LORD; the priests are to sprinkle salt on them and sacrifice them as a burnt offering to the LORD.
- Colossians 4:6
Let your speech always be gracious, seasoned with salt, so that you may know how to answer everyone.
- Mark 9:49–50
For everyone will be salted with fire.
- Ezekiel 43:24
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies51
On this verse
On this chapter
- Abigail
- An Eye for an Eye in the Law of Moses
- Anger and Murder of the Heart
- The Beatitudes
- The Designer's Fingerprint
- The Torah
Show the next 6 titles
- Divorce: What Jesus Said
- Entering the Kingdom
- The Fulfillment Formula (Matthew's Ten Quotations)
- Blessed Are the Pure in Heart
- How Scripture Shapes Christian Ethics
- A Costly Oath Kept
Show the next 6 titles
Show the next 6 titles
- The Words Agape, Philia, Chesed and Ahavah
- Lust and Adultery of the Heart
- Meekness
- Blessed Are the Meek
- The Words Anav and Praus
- Blessed Are the Merciful
Show the next 6 titles
- Mercy in the Plague Years
- Oaths. Let Your Yes Be Yes
- Parallelism: the Bible's Rhyme of Thoughts
- The Farmer Waits for the Rain
- Blessed Are the Peacemakers
- The Words Shalom and Eirene
Show the next 6 titles
About Matthew

This page draws on 25 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Chromatius of Aquileia, TRACTATE ON MATTHEW 18.4.1-2; Cyril of Alexandria, FRAGMENT 41; Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship; GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, Conceit and Caricature (1908); GK Chesterton, Tremendous Trifles, A Piece of Chalk (1909); Glossa Ordinaria, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Gregory the Dialogist, Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 17; Hilary of Poitiers, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Hilary of Poitiers, Commentary on Matthew 4.10; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Matthew; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Matthew; Jerome, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; John Chrysostom, Homily on the Gospel of Matthew 15; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Lightfoot, Horae Hebraicae et Talmudicae on Matthew; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Origen of Alexandria, FRAGMENT 91; Pseudo-Chrysostom, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Remigius of Rheims, Catena Aurea by Aquinas and Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Matthew.
