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Exodus 12:22

in Exodus 12

Take a cluster of hyssop, dip it into the blood in the basin, and brush the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out the door of his house until morning.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two side-posts with the blood that is in the basin; and none of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning.

KJV

And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning.

This verse in Exodus 12

Commentary

13 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

A bunch of hyssop - The original word אזוב ezob has been variously translated musk, rosemary, polypody of the wall, mint, origanum, marjoram, and Hyssop: the latter seems to be the most proper. Parkhurst says it is named from its detersive and cleansing qualities, whence it was used in sprinkling the blood of the paschal lamb, in cleansing the leprosy, Lev 14:4, Lev 14:6, Lev 14:51, Lev 14:52; in composing the water of purification, Num 19:6, and sprinkling it, Num 19:18. It was a type of the purifying virtue of the bitter sufferings of Christ.

This site's exposition

Then Moses summoned all the elders

on Exodus 12:21-22

Moses adds a detail not given before, that the blood is applied with a cluster of hyssop. Hyssop returns for cleansing in Leviticus 14, at Psalm 51:7, and at the cross in John 19:29.

This site's exposition

None of you shall go out the door of his house until morning

Matthew Henry notes that the destroyer could have told an Israelite from an Egyptian in the street. Staying inside kept them under the blood. Adam Clarke lists musk, rosemary, mint and marjoram among the plants proposed for the hyssop, and he judges hyssop the fittest rendering.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

Gregory of Nazianzus

ORATION 40.28 · Written before 390.

proposed

Be it so, some will say, in the case of those who ask for baptism; what have you to say about those who are still children and conscious neither of the loss nor of the grace? Are we to baptize them too? Certainly, if any danger presses. For it is better that they should be unconsciously sanctified than that they should depart unsealed and uninitiated.A proof of this is found in the circumcision on the eighth day, which was a sort of typical seal. It was conferred on children before they had use of reason. And so is the anointing of the doorposts, which preserved the firstborn, though applied to things which had no consciousness.

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On the Mysteries 7.34 · Written before 397.

proposed

For he who is baptized is seen to be purified both according to the law and according to the gospel. According to the law, because Moses sprinkled the blood of the lamb with a bunch of hyssop. According to the gospel, because Christ's garments were white as snow, when in the gospel he showed forth the glory of his resurrection.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

ON CHRISTIAN TEACHING 2.41.62 · Written before 430.

proposed

They are to bear in mind that those who celebrated the Passover at the time through figures and shadows, when they were commanded to mark their doorpost with the blood of the lamb, marked them with hyssop. This is a mild and humble plant, but it has very strong and penetrating roots. So, "being rooted and grounded in love," we may be able "to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth," that is, the cross of the Lord.

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

Not but that the destroying angel could have known an Israelite from an Egyptian in the street; but God would intimate to them that their safety was owing to the blood of sprinkling; if they put themselves from under the protection of that, it was at their peril.
And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop,....
5 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

The everlasting covenant, like the basin, in the conservatory of this blood, the benefits and privileges purchased by it are laid up for us there; faith is the bunch of hyssop by which we apply the promises to ourselves and the benefits of the blood of Christ laid up in them.

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

hyssop--a small red moss [HASSELQUIST]; the caper-plant [ROYLE]. It was used in the sprinkling, being well adapted for such purposes, as it grows in bushes--putting out plenty of suckers from a single root.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase

I WANTED, dear Friends, earnestly wanted, to continue the subject of last Lord's-Day morning, for I felt it important that we should bear again and again our witness to the doctrine of the vicarious Sacrifice of Jesus Christ our Lord. But, at the same time, I promised that I would endeavor to keep "the feast of the children" and have a sermon which should be specially addressed to Sunday school teachers.
I WANTED, dear Friends, earnestly wanted, to continue the subject of last Lord's-Day morning, for I felt it important that we should bear again and again our witness to the doctrine of the vicarious Sacrifice of Jesus Christ our Lord. But, at the same time, I promised that I would endeavor to keep "the feast of the children" and have a sermon which should be specially addressed to Sunday school teachers. I could not preach a school sermon at the appointed time, so as to open your children's week, but thought a discourse might come in, none the less suitably, if I brought up the rear by closing your meetings. How am I to fulfill both my purposes? I think the subject before us will enable me to do so. We shall preach of the sprinkled blood and of Jesus, the great Sacrifice for sin—and then we shall press upon all who know the value of the great Redemption that they teach the young in their earliest days what is meant by the death of Jesus and salvation through His blood. The Paschal lamb was a special type of our Lord Jesus Christ. We are not left to gather this from the general fact that all the ancient sacrifices were shadows of the one true and real Substance—we are assured in the New Testament that "Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us" (1 Cor 5:7). As the Paschal lamb must be without blemish, so was our Lord, and its killing and roasting with fire were typical of His death and sufferings. Even as to time our Lord fulfilled the type, for the time of His Crucifixion was the Passover. As the impression answers to the seal, so does the Sacrifice of our Lord correspond with all the items of the ceremonial Passover. We see Him "drawn out" from among men and led as a lamb to the slaughter. We see His blood shed and sprinkled. We see Him roasted in the fire of anguish. By faith we eat of Him and flavor the feast with the bitter herbs of penitence.
A bunch of hyssop - The species here designated does not appear to be the plant now bearing the name. It would seem to have been an aromatic plant, common in Palestine and near Mount Sinai, with a long straight stalk and leaves well adapted for the purpose of sprinkling. Bason - The rendering rests on good authority and gives a good sense: but the word means “threshold” in some other passages and in Egyptian, and is taken here in that sense by some versions. If that rendering be correct it would imply that the lamb was slain on the threshold. None ... shall go out ... - There would be no safety outside the precincts protected by the blood of the lamb; a symbolism explained by the margin reference.

How the passage was read

On Exodus 12:1-51

On Exodus 12:1-51

The night Israel still keeps

This chapter founds Passover, in Hebrew Pesach, the spring feast that remembers the night God struck Egypt's firstborn and passed over the blood-marked houses. Jewish families keep it to this day with a ceremonial meal called the seder (Hebrew for “order”): unleavened flatbread (matzah), bitter herbs, cups of wine, and the retelling of this chapter's story, with the children asking the questions.

Honesty about the timeline helps the reader: in the Bible's own period the center of the feast was the lamb, slain and eaten as this chapter commands. The seder as now practiced took its shape after the Temple fell in AD 70 and the lamb could no longer be offered; its oldest written outline is in the Mishnah, the first code of Jewish oral law (about AD 200), which already includes the four cups and the rule that “in every generation a person must see himself as if he personally came out of Egypt.”

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Sources: Mishnah Pesachim 10 (the seder's oldest outline) · Mishnah Pesachim 10:5 (“in every generation”) · The Feasts of the LORD (this site's study)

The words behind it

25 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וּלְקַחְתֶּ֞םand you will take

    ulekachtemH3947 →966 times

  • אֲגֻדַּ֣תa bunch of

    ʾagudatH92 →

  • אֵז֗וֹבhyssop

    ʾezovH231 →

  • וּטְבַלְתֶּם֮and you will dip [it]

    utevaltemH2881 →

  • בַּדָּ֣םin the blood

    badamH1818 →360 times

  • אֲשֶׁר־which

    ʾasher-H834 →5497 times

  • בַּסַּף֒[is] in the basin

    basafH5592 →

  • וְהִגַּעְתֶּ֤םand you will make touch

    vehiga'temH5060 →150 times

  • אֶל־<to>

    ʾel-H413 →5510 times

  • הַמַּשְׁקוֹף֙the lintels

    hamashkofH4947 →3 times

  • וְאֶל־and <to>

    veel-H413 →5510 times

  • שְׁתֵּ֣י[the] two

    sheteiH8147 →768 times

  • הַמְּזוּזֹ֔תthe doorposts

    hamezuzotH4201 →19 times

  • מִן־some of

    min-H4480 →1188 times

  • הַדָּ֖םthe blood

    hadamH1818 →360 times

  • אֲשֶׁ֣רwhich

    ʾasherH834 →5497 times

  • בַּסָּ֑ף[is] in the basin

    basafH5592 →

  • וְאַתֶּ֗םand you

    veatemH859 →1094 times

  • לֹ֥אnot

    lo'H3808 →5168 times

  • תֵצְא֛וּyou will go out

    tetzeuH3318 →1067 times

  • אִ֥ישׁanyone

    ʾishH376 →1663 times

  • מִפֶּֽתַח־from [the] door of

    mipetach-H6607 →164 times

  • בֵּית֖וֹhouse his

    beitoH1004 →2046 times

  • עַד־until

    ʾad-H5704 →1261 times

  • בֹּֽקֶר׃morning

    bokerH1242 →214 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 51:7

    Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.

    it leads to

    • Hebrews 9:19

      For when Moses had proclaimed every commandment of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves and goats, along with water, scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and…

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • 1 John 1:7

      But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin.

    • Isaiah 1:18

      “Come now, let us reason together,” says the LORD. “Though your sins are like scarlet, they will be as white as snow; though they are as red as crimson, they will become like wool.

    • Hebrews 9:13–14

      For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that their bodies are clean,

    • Numbers 19:18–20

      Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to take some hyssop, dip it in the water, and sprinkle the tent, all the furnishings, and the people who were there. He is also to…

  • Through

    Numbers 19:18

    Then a man who is ceremonially clean is to take some hyssop, dip it in the water, and sprinkle the tent, all the furnishings, and the people who were there. He is also to…

    it leads to

    • Ezekiel 36:25–27

      I will also sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your impurities and all your idols.

    • Hebrews 9:14

      how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our consciences from works of death, so that we may serve the living God!

  • Through

    Hebrews 9:1

    Now the first covenant had regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary.

    it leads to

    • Exodus 25:8

      And they are to make a sanctuary for Me, so that I may dwell among them.

Where this verse is studied

About Exodus

The Firstborn of the Egyptians Are Slain — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Firstborn of the Egyptians Are Slain — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Alfred Edersheim, The Temple: Its Ministry and Services; Ambrose of Milan, On the Mysteries 7.34; Augustine of Hippo, ON CHRISTIAN TEACHING 2.41.62; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1988: “The Blood of Sprinkling and the Children” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Gregory of Nazianzus, ORATION 40.28; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.