Skip to content
mannafest.faith

Exodus 12:4

in Exodus 12

If the household is too small for a whole lamb, they are to share with the nearest neighbor based on the number of people, and apportion the lamb accordingly.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

and if the household be too little for a lamb, then shall he and his neighbor next unto his house take one according to the number of the souls; according to every man’s eating ye shall make your count for the lamb.

KJV

And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.

This verse in Exodus 12

Commentary

9 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

If the household be too little - That is, if there be not persons enough in one family to eat a whole lamb, then two families must join together. The rabbins allow that there should be at least ten persons to one paschal lamb, and not more than twenty. Take it, according to the number of the souls - The persons who were to eat of it were to be first ascertained, and then the lamb was to be slain and dressed for that number.

This site's exposition

In the tenth day of this month

on Exodus 12:3-5

The lamb is chosen four days before it is killed and it is reckoned by households rather than by heads, with a small household joining its neighbour so that nothing is wasted. It must be without blemish and a male of the first year, and it may come from the sheep or from the goats. The word congregation occurs here for the first time in Scripture, so Israel is named an assembly on the night it becomes a nation.

This site's exposition

If the household is too small for a whole lamb

Albert Barnes reports ten people as the least number tradition set for one lamb, and he thinks each household was left to judge its own number. He reads the last clause as apportioning the lamb by what each person would eat. Verse 10 depends on that count.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

), denoting the designation of the Lord Jesus to be a Saviour, both in the purpose and in the promise. It is very observable that as Christ was crucified at the passover, so he solemnly entered into Jerusalem four days before, the very day that the paschal lamb was set apart.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

And if the household be too little for the lamb,....

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

if the household be too little for the lamb, &c.--It appears from JOSEPHUS that ten persons were required to make up the proper paschal communion. every man according to his eating--It is said that the quantity eaten of the paschal lamb, by each individual, was about the size of an olive.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase

THE paschal lamb was not killed in order to be looked at only, but to be eaten. And our Lord Jesus Christ has not been slain merely that we may hear about Him and talk about Him, and think about Him, but that we may feed upon Him. Everything that has to do with Christ's work is of real, practical, vital consequence to Believers. He is to be the food for our souls. Faith is to receive Him. Love is to embrace Him. Hope is to rejoice in Him! The lamb of the Passover was not to be eaten in part, some of it to be left and some of it to be divided at the feast— the whole lamb was to be eaten. And, in like manner, the whole of Christ is to be spiritually received by us, whether He is made of God unto us wisdom, or righteous, or sanctification, or redemption. All that He is and all that He does should be received by us with an open and grateful heart. There must not be any picking and choosing among the good things of Christ but all must be accepted alike. We are all sinners and we all need a Savior—and we need the whole of that Savior. So, too, as the whole of the paschal lamb was to be eaten, I think I may say that all the power to save which is in Christ is meant be exercised. He is able to save to the uttermost all them that come unto God by Him—and that uttermost power of His was not intended to lie idle. He is able to save those who are at the very ends of the earth—and that power to save the outcasts and the offscourings was not intended to be left unused. It is our business to stir up the Divine strength and to pray the Lord to come and save even the vilest of the vile—and great multitudes of them! Further, the whole of the lamb was meant to be eaten at once. None of it was to be kept till morning. As with the manna, there was to be no laying of it up in store for future use.
THE paschal lamb was not killed in order to be looked at only, but to be eaten. And our Lord Jesus Christ has not been slain merely that we may hear about Him and talk about Him, and think about Him, but that we may feed upon Him. Everything that has to do with Christ's work is of real, practical, vital consequence to Believers. He is to be the food for our souls. Faith is to receive Him. Love is to embrace Him. Hope is to rejoice in Him!
1 more voice on this verse

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

Tradition specifies ten as the least number; but the matter was probably left altogether to the discretion of the heads of families. The last clause should be rendered: “each man, according to his eating, ye shall count for the lamb.”

How the passage was read

On Exodus 12:1-51

On Exodus 12:1-51

The night Israel still keeps

This chapter founds Passover, in Hebrew Pesach, the spring feast that remembers the night God struck Egypt's firstborn and passed over the blood-marked houses. Jewish families keep it to this day with a ceremonial meal called the seder (Hebrew for “order”): unleavened flatbread (matzah), bitter herbs, cups of wine, and the retelling of this chapter's story, with the children asking the questions.

Honesty about the timeline helps the reader: in the Bible's own period the center of the feast was the lamb, slain and eaten as this chapter commands. The seder as now practiced took its shape after the Temple fell in AD 70 and the lamb could no longer be offered; its oldest written outline is in the Mishnah, the first code of Jewish oral law (about AD 200), which already includes the four cups and the rule that “in every generation a person must see himself as if he personally came out of Egypt.”

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Sources: Mishnah Pesachim 10 (the seder's oldest outline) · Mishnah Pesachim 10:5 (“in every generation”) · The Feasts of the LORD (this site's study)

The words behind it

19 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וְאִם־and if

    veim-H5181069 times

  • יִמְעַ֣טit will be [too] small

    yimatH459122 times

  • הַבַּיִת֮the household

    habayitH10042046 times

  • מִהְיֹ֣תfor being

    mihyotH19613559 times

  • מִשֶּׂה֒for a lamb

    misehH771647 times

  • וְלָקַ֣חand he will take

    velakachH3947966 times

  • ה֗וּאhe

    hu'H19311879 times

  • וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹand neighbor his

    ushekhenoH7934

  • הַקָּרֹ֥ב<the> near

    hakaroH713877 times

  • אֶל־to

    ʾel-H4135510 times

  • בֵּית֖וֹhouse his

    beitoH10042046 times

  • בְּמִכְסַ֣תby [the] number of

    bemikhsatH4373

  • נְפָשֹׁ֑תpeople

    nefashotH5315754 times

  • אִ֚ישׁeach one

    ʾishH3761663 times

  • לְפִ֣יto [the] mouth of

    lefiH6310498 times

  • אָכְל֔וֹfood his

    ʾakheloH40043 times

  • תָּכֹ֖סּוּyou will estimate

    takhosuH3699

  • עַל־on

    ʾal-H59215755 times

  • הַשֶּֽׂה׃the lamb

    hasehH771647 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

Where this verse is studied

About Exodus

The Firstborn of the Egyptians Are Slain — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Firstborn of the Egyptians Are Slain — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2937: “Too Little for the Lamb” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.