Exodus 12:4
in Exodus 12If the household is too small for a whole lamb, they are to share with the nearest neighbor based on the number of people, and apportion the lamb accordingly.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
and if the household be too little for a lamb, then shall he and his neighbor next unto his house take one according to the number of the souls; according to every man’s eating ye shall make your count for the lamb.
KJV
And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.
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This verse in Exodus 12
Commentary
9 notes on this verseIf the household be too little - That is, if there be not persons enough in one family to eat a whole lamb, then two families must join together. The rabbins allow that there should be at least ten persons to one paschal lamb, and not more than twenty. Take it, according to the number of the souls - The persons who were to eat of it were to be first ascertained, and then the lamb was to be slain and dressed for that number.
This site's exposition
In the tenth day of this month
on Exodus 12:3-5
The lamb is chosen four days before it is killed and it is reckoned by households rather than by heads, with a small household joining its neighbour so that nothing is wasted. It must be without blemish and a male of the first year, and it may come from the sheep or from the goats. The word congregation occurs here for the first time in Scripture, so Israel is named an assembly on the night it becomes a nation.
This site's exposition
If the household is too small for a whole lamb
Albert Barnes reports ten people as the least number tradition set for one lamb, and he thinks each household was left to judge its own number. He reads the last clause as apportioning the lamb by what each person would eat. Verse 10 depends on that count.
The record, by era
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
), denoting the designation of the Lord Jesus to be a Saviour, both in the purpose and in the promise. It is very observable that as Christ was crucified at the passover, so he solemnly entered into Jerusalem four days before, the very day that the paschal lamb was set apart.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
And if the household be too little for the lamb,....
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
if the household be too little for the lamb, &c.--It appears from JOSEPHUS that ten persons were required to make up the proper paschal communion. every man according to his eating--It is said that the quantity eaten of the paschal lamb, by each individual, was about the size of an olive.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2937: “Too Little for the Lamb” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
THE paschal lamb was not killed in order to be looked at only, but to be eaten. And our Lord Jesus Christ has not been slain merely that we may hear about Him and talk about Him, and think about Him, but that we may feed upon Him. Everything that has to do with Christ's work is of real, practical, vital consequence to Believers. He is to be the food for our souls. Faith is to receive Him. Love is to embrace Him. Hope is to rejoice in Him! The lamb of the Passover was not to be eaten in part, some of it to be left and some of it to be divided at the feast— the whole lamb was to be eaten. And, in like manner, the whole of Christ is to be spiritually received by us, whether He is made of God unto us wisdom, or righteous, or sanctification, or redemption. All that He is and all that He does should be received by us with an open and grateful heart. There must not be any picking and choosing among the good things of Christ but all must be accepted alike. We are all sinners and we all need a Savior—and we need the whole of that Savior. So, too, as the whole of the paschal lamb was to be eaten, I think I may say that all the power to save which is in Christ is meant be exercised. He is able to save to the uttermost all them that come unto God by Him—and that uttermost power of His was not intended to lie idle. He is able to save those who are at the very ends of the earth—and that power to save the outcasts and the offscourings was not intended to be left unused. It is our business to stir up the Divine strength and to pray the Lord to come and save even the vilest of the vile—and great multitudes of them! Further, the whole of the lamb was meant to be eaten at once. None of it was to be kept till morning. As with the manna, there was to be no laying of it up in store for future use.
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2937: “Too Little for the Lamb” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
THE paschal lamb was not killed in order to be looked at only, but to be eaten. And our Lord Jesus Christ has not been slain merely that we may hear about Him and talk about Him, and think about Him, but that we may feed upon Him. Everything that has to do with Christ's work is of real, practical, vital consequence to Believers. He is to be the food for our souls. Faith is to receive Him. Love is to embrace Him. Hope is to rejoice in Him!
1 more voice on this verse
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
Tradition specifies ten as the least number; but the matter was probably left altogether to the discretion of the heads of families. The last clause should be rendered: “each man, according to his eating, ye shall count for the lamb.”
How the passage was read
On Exodus 12:1-51On Exodus 12:1-51
The night Israel still keeps
This chapter founds Passover, in Hebrew Pesach, the spring feast that remembers the night God struck Egypt's firstborn and passed over the blood-marked houses. Jewish families keep it to this day with a ceremonial meal called the seder (Hebrew for “order”): unleavened flatbread (matzah), bitter herbs, cups of wine, and the retelling of this chapter's story, with the children asking the questions.
Honesty about the timeline helps the reader: in the Bible's own period the center of the feast was the lamb, slain and eaten as this chapter commands. The seder as now practiced took its shape after the Temple fell in AD 70 and the lamb could no longer be offered; its oldest written outline is in the Mishnah, the first code of Jewish oral law (about AD 200), which already includes the four cups and the rule that “in every generation a person must see himself as if he personally came out of Egypt.”
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Sources: Mishnah Pesachim 10 (the seder's oldest outline) · Mishnah Pesachim 10:5 (“in every generation”) · The Feasts of the LORD (this site's study)
The words behind it
19 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וְאִם־ | veim- | and if | H518 → | 1069 times |
| יִמְעַ֣ט | yimat | it will be [too] small | H4591 → | 22 times |
| הַבַּיִת֮ | habayit | the household | H1004 → | 2046 times |
| מִהְיֹ֣ת | mihyot | for being | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| מִשֶּׂה֒ | miseh | for a lamb | H7716 → | 47 times |
| וְלָקַ֣ח | velakach | and he will take | H3947 → | 966 times |
| ה֗וּא | hu' | he | H1931 → | 1879 times |
| וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹ | ushekheno | and neighbor his | H7934 → | |
| הַקָּרֹ֥ב | hakaro | <the> near | H7138 → | 77 times |
| אֶל־ | ʾel- | to | H413 → | 5510 times |
| בֵּית֖וֹ | beito | house his | H1004 → | 2046 times |
| בְּמִכְסַ֣ת | bemikhsat | by [the] number of | H4373 → | |
| נְפָשֹׁ֑ת | nefashot | people | H5315 → | 754 times |
| אִ֚ישׁ | ʾish | each one | H376 → | 1663 times |
| לְפִ֣י | lefi | to [the] mouth of | H6310 → | 498 times |
| אָכְל֔וֹ | ʾakhelo | food his | H400 → | 43 times |
| תָּכֹ֖סּוּ | takhosu | you will estimate | H3699 → | |
| עַל־ | ʾal- | on | H5921 → | 5755 times |
| הַשֶּֽׂה׃ | haseh | the lamb | H7716 → | 47 times |
וְאִם־and if
veim-H518 →1069 times
יִמְעַ֣טit will be [too] small
yimatH4591 →22 times
הַבַּיִת֮the household
habayitH1004 →2046 times
מִהְיֹ֣תfor being
mihyotH1961 →3559 times
מִשֶּׂה֒for a lamb
misehH7716 →47 times
וְלָקַ֣חand he will take
velakachH3947 →966 times
ה֗וּאhe
hu'H1931 →1879 times
וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹand neighbor his
ushekhenoH7934 →
הַקָּרֹ֥ב<the> near
hakaroH7138 →77 times
אֶל־to
ʾel-H413 →5510 times
בֵּית֖וֹhouse his
beitoH1004 →2046 times
בְּמִכְסַ֣תby [the] number of
bemikhsatH4373 →
נְפָשֹׁ֑תpeople
nefashotH5315 →754 times
אִ֚ישׁeach one
ʾishH376 →1663 times
לְפִ֣יto [the] mouth of
lefiH6310 →498 times
אָכְל֔וֹfood his
ʾakheloH400 →43 times
תָּכֹ֖סּוּyou will estimate
takhosuH3699 →
עַל־on
ʾal-H5921 →5755 times
הַשֶּֽׂה׃the lamb
hasehH7716 →47 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies10
About Exodus

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2937: “Too Little for the Lamb” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
