Leviticus 23:17
in Leviticus 23Bring two loaves of bread from your dwellings as a wave offering, each made from two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with leaven, as the firstfruits to the LORD.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave-loaves of two tenth parts of an ephah: they shall be of fine flour, they shall be baken with leaven, for first-fruits unto Jehovah.
KJV
Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the Lord.
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This verse in Leviticus 23
Commentary
5 notes on this verseTwo loaves of bread made from the first fruits of the new harvest were rightly ordered to be offered, for the church gathers those it can consecrate to its Redeemer as a new family from both peoples, the Jews and the Gentiles.
This site's exposition
two wave loaves of two tenth deals
Two loaves are brought out of the people's own houses and they shall be baken with leaven. Leaven was put out of every house at the passover four chapters earlier, it is required here fifty days later, and the text gives no reason for the change. Matthew Henry and Jamieson, Fausset and Brown both read these as the ordinary leavened bread of daily food, offered in thanks for the wheat harvest rather than in memory of the haste of Egypt. The verse itself says only that they are the firstfruits unto the LORD.
The record, by era
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
And ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals,....
At the passover they ate unleavened bread, because it was in remembrance of the bread they ate when they came out of Egypt, which was unleavened; but now at pentecost it was leavened, because it was an acknowledgment of God's goodness to them in their ordinary food, which was leavened.
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
The loaves used at the Passover were unleavened; those presented at Pentecost were leavened--a difference which is thus accounted for, that the one was a memorial of the bread hastily prepared at their departure, while the other was a tribute of gratitude to God for their daily food, which was leavened.
How the passage was read
On Leviticus 23:1-44On Leviticus 23:1-44
The year Israel keeps
This chapter is the calendar of the whole Jewish year, and every feast in it is still on the calendar today. In order: the weekly Sabbath; Passover and Unleavened Bread in spring (now kept as the seder meal and a week without leavened bread); Firstfruits (the first sheaf of barley waved before God); Weeks, in Hebrew Shavuot, fifty days later (Christians know the Greek name: Pentecost); then in autumn the Day of Trumpets (now Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year, announced by the ram's-horn trumpet called a shofar), the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur, the great fast), and Tabernacles, in Hebrew Sukkot, when families still build and eat in leafy backyard booths for a week, remembering the wilderness.
So when the New Testament says Jesus or Paul went up for “the feast,” it means one of these appointments: the same calendar, kept for over three thousand years.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Sources: The Feasts of the LORD (this site's study of all seven) · Mishnah Rosh Hashanah 1:1 (the four new years)
The words behind it
13 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| מִמּוֹשְׁבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם | mimoshevoteikhem | from dwelling places your | H4186 → | 44 times |
| תָּבִ֣יאּוּ׀ | tavi'u | you will bring | H935 → | 2568 times |
| לֶ֣חֶם | lechem | bread of | H3899 → | 298 times |
| תְּנוּפָ֗ה | tenufah | a wave-offering | H8573 → | 30 times |
| שְׁ֚תַּיִם | shetayim | two | H8147 → | 768 times |
| שְׁנֵ֣י | shenei | two | H8147 → | 768 times |
| עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים | ʾesronim | tenths | H6241 → | 33 times |
| סֹ֣לֶת | solet | fine flour | H5560 → | 53 times |
| תִּהְיֶ֔ינָה | tihyeinah | they will be | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| חָמֵ֖ץ | chametz | leaven | H2557 → | 11 times |
| תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָה | teafeinah | they will be baked | H644 → | 25 times |
| בִּכּוּרִ֖ים | bikurim | first-fruits | H1061 → | 17 times |
| לַֽיהוָֽה׃ | layahweh | to Yahweh | H3068 → | 6520 times |
מִמּוֹשְׁבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜םfrom dwelling places your
mimoshevoteikhemH4186 →44 times
תָּבִ֣יאּוּ׀you will bring
tavi'uH935 →2568 times
לֶ֣חֶםbread of
lechemH3899 →298 times
תְּנוּפָ֗הa wave-offering
tenufahH8573 →30 times
שְׁ֚תַּיִםtwo
shetayimH8147 →768 times
שְׁנֵ֣יtwo
sheneiH8147 →768 times
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔יםtenths
ʾesronimH6241 →33 times
סֹ֣לֶתfine flour
soletH5560 →53 times
תִּהְיֶ֔ינָהthey will be
tihyeinahH1961 →3559 times
חָמֵ֖ץleaven
chametzH2557 →11 times
תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָהthey will be baked
teafeinahH644 →25 times
בִּכּוּרִ֖יםfirst-fruits
bikurimH1061 →17 times
לַֽיהוָֽה׃to Yahweh
layahwehH3068 →6520 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Exodus 34:26Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”
it leads to
- Exodus 23:19
Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Deuteronomy 14:21
You are not to eat any carcass; you may give it to the foreigner residing within your gates, and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. For you are…
- Exodus 23:19
Through
Exodus 34:22And you are to celebrate the Feast of Weeks with the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year.
it leads to
- Exodus 23:16
You are also to keep the Feast of Harvest with the firstfruits of the produce from what you sow in the field. And keep the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year,…
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Exodus 23:16
Through
Leviticus 23:10“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you are to bring to the priest a sheaf of the firstfruits of…
it leads to
- Exodus 34:26
Bring the best of the firstfruits of your soil to the house of the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”
- Exodus 34:26
Through
Numbers 28:26On the day of firstfruits, when you present an offering of new grain to the LORD during the Feast of Weeks, you are to hold a sacred assembly; you must not do any regular…
it leads to
- 1 Corinthians 15:20
But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Exodus 34:22
And you are to celebrate the Feast of Weeks with the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year.
- Leviticus 23:10
“Speak to the Israelites and say, ‘When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you are to bring to the priest a sheaf of the firstfruits of…
- 1 Corinthians 15:20
Through
Leviticus 7:13Along with his peace offering of thanksgiving he is to present an offering with cakes of leavened bread.
it leads to
- Amos 4:5
Offer leavened bread as a thank offering, and loudly proclaim your freewill offerings. For that is what you children of Israel love to do,” declares the Lord GOD.
- Amos 4:5
Where this verse is studied
About Leviticus
This page draws on Bede, Homilies on the Gospels 2.17; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.