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Christ Blessing ('The Saviour of the World')
Christ Blessing ('The Saviour of the World'), El Greco, 1600, Scottish National Gallery. Public domain.

Colossianschapter 2

23 verses · Paul, by tradition · AD 60 to 62 · Paul's letters

Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath.

Introduction

Paul, by tradition, Paul's letters, Colossians Overview.

Paul wrote this letter as a prisoner, to a church in the Lycus valley that he had never visited and that one of its own men had planted. Its believers were being told that faith in Christ was a good beginning, and that rules about food and days, hard treatment of the body, visions and angels would carry them further. This chapter is Paul's answer to that offer. Listen for how often he places the believer in Christ and with Christ. Listen too for the pictures of a cancelled debt and a victory parade. Read it as the centre of the letter's argument.

Context

Who
Believers being told they needed something extra, food rules, festivals, visions, and the worship of angels.
What
The chapter of Colossians that answers a rival teaching by setting out the fullness believers already have in Christ.
Where
Written by Paul in prison, traditionally in Rome, to the church at Colossae in the Lycus valley of Phrygia.
When
About AD 60 to 62, during the same imprisonment that produced Ephesians and Philemon.
Why
To keep the believers at Colossae from being taken captive by a teaching that added rules, visions and angels to Christ.

Historical context

The teaching Paul opposes is described only through his rebuttals, so its exact shape is uncertain. What shows through is a mixture: Jewish elements such as circumcision, food laws, festivals, new moons and Sabbaths, together with ascetic severity to the body, claims about visions, and some kind of veneration of angels. Scholars debate how these fitted together, and honesty requires saying so.

Show the rest of the historical context, 4 more paragraphs

What is clear is the sales pitch: you have Christ, but you need this as well. Paul's answer is that in Christ the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily, and they have been filled in him, there is no remainder to supply.

The image of the cancelled debt is precise. A cheirographon was a handwritten certificate of indebtedness, signed by the debtor as an acknowledgment of what he owed. Paul says the record standing against us was set aside, nailed to the cross, a debt note publicly cancelled by being fixed up where everyone could see it discharged.

The chapter ends with another triumph procession: the rulers and authorities disarmed, put to open shame, led in a victory parade. In a teaching that treated those powers as forces to be appeased, showing them as the defeated captives was the whole argument in one picture.

Paul also notes dryly that such regulations, do not handle, do not taste, do not touch, have an appearance of wisdom and severity to the body but are of no value against the indulgence of the flesh.

Significance

The first hearers were told that the shadows had a substance, and the substance belonged to Christ. Festivals and food rules were the shadow cast by something already arrived.

Show the rest of the significance, 1 more paragraph

And they were warned about the mechanism of the pressure: let no one disqualify you, insisting on self-abasement and worship of angels, puffed up without reason and not holding fast to the head. The problem was a teaching that made the teacher, not Christ, the gatekeeper.

The heads below are this chapter's scenes. The numbered points under each are its verses.

All the Treasures of Wisdom Hidden in Him

Colossians 2:1-2

how much I am struggling for you: The goal is that they be encouraged in heart, knit together in love, and come to the mystery of God, namely Christ. The ancient copies give the phrase in several forms, and every form names Christ as the mystery's content.

Colossians 2:1

“Translate as Greek, "I wish you to know how great a conflict (the same Greek word as in Col 1:29, "agony of a conflict" of fervent, anxious prayer; not conflict with the false teachers, which would have been impossible for him now in prison) I have for you." them at Laodicea--exposed to the same danger from false teachers as the Colossians (compare Col 4:16).”

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

1 more voice on this verseWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.

Colossians 2:1

“I do not find fault with the rendering of Erasmus -- anxiety; but, at the same time, the force of the Greek word is to be noticed, for agon is made use of to denote contention.”

John Calvin · Commentaries (1554)reformed

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knit together in love: Adam Clarke pictures the joining as the beams of a building fixed together with mortices and pins. Albert Barnes finds the same verb in verse 19, where the whole body is knit together from the head. Love holds the church together as one body.

Colossians 2:2

“That their hearts might be comforted - That they might have continual happiness in God, having constant affiance in him. Being knit together in love - The word συμβιβασθεντων, or συμβιβασθεντες, which is the true reading, but both of equal import here, signifies being united, as the beams or the timbers of a building, by mortices and pins. The visible Church of Christ cannot be in union with God unless it have unity in itself, and without love this unity is impossible.”

all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge: The verse answers the error at its own boast: it sold access to hidden treasures of wisdom and knowledge through graded ranks and special teachers. Paul locates the whole treasury in Christ, with no further door to pass through.

Colossians 2:3

“In whom - Margin, “wherein.” The more correct translation is “in whom.” The reference is doubtless to Christ, as his name is the immediate antecedent, and as what is affirmed here properly appertains to him. Are hid - Like treasures that are concealed or garnered up. It does not mean that none of those “treasures” had been developed; but that, so to speak, Christ, as Mediator, was the great treasure-house where were to be found all the wisdom and knowledge needful for people.”

1 more voice on this verse

Colossians 2:3

“Observe, The treasures of wisdom are hidden not from us, but for us, in Christ. Those who would be wise and knowing must make application to Christ. We must spend upon the stock which is laid up for us in him, and draw from the treasures which are hidden in him.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

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Colossians 2:4-5

I say this so that no one will deceive you: The word behind smooth rhetoric is the persuasive argument of the courtroom or the market, plausible speech built to mislead. Paul arms the church against it before it arrives.

Colossians 2:4

“I hear also those words of his, "And these things I say, lest any man should beguile you with enticing words, or one should enter in to spoil you." And again, "Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ;" branding not all philosophy, but the Epicurean, which Paul mentions in the Acts of the Apostles, which abolishes providence and deifies pleasure, and whatever other philosophy honours the elements, but places not over them the efficient cause, nor apprehends the Creator. ...”

Clement of Alexandria · written before 215 · The Stromata Book 1patristic

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Colossians 2:4

“Lest any man should beguile you - The word παραλογιζηται means to deceive by sophistry or subtle reasoning, in which all the conclusions appear to be fairly drawn from the premises, but the premises are either assumed without evidence, or false in themselves; but this not being easily discovered, the unthinking or unwary are carried away by the conclusions which are drawn from these premises. And this result is clearly intimated by the term πιθανολογια, enticing words, plausible conclusions or deductions from this mode of reasoning.”

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orderly condition and firm faith: Paul could name those who deceive, and Chrysostom notes that he ends on praise of their firm faith in Christ instead. Orderly describes the outward condition of the church, and firm faith the ground it stands on. Praise comes before the warning.

Colossians 2:5

“Compare 1Co 14:33, 40. steadfastness--Greek, "the firm (or 'solid') foundation." As "order" expresses the outward aspect of the Church; so "steadfastness" expresses the inner basis on which their Church rested. The Greek literally implies not an abstract quality, but the thing in the concrete; thus their "faith" here is the solid thing which constituted the basis of their Church.”

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Colossians 2:6-7

just as you have received Christ Jesus as Lord: The phrase received Christ Jesus as Lord names the whole gospel in a title. The command turns from a completed act to a continuing life, continue to walk in Him.

Colossians 2:6

“As ye have therefore received Christ Jesus - Many persons lay a certain stress on the words as and so, and make various fine heads of discourses from them; viz. As ye received Christ in a spirit of humility, so walk in him; as ye received him in a spirit of faith, so walk in him, etc., etc. This may be all proper in itself; but nothing of the kind was intended by the apostle.”

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Colossians 2:6

“The more closely we walk with Christ the more we are rooted and established in the faith. A good conversation is the best establishment of a good faith. If we walk in him, we shall be rooted in him; and the more firmly we are rooted in him the more closely we shall walk in him: Rooted and built up.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

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as you were taught: Barnes reads as you were taught of the teachers who founded the church, and he points to 1:7, where Epaphras is named. To walk in Christ Jesus is to grow deeper in the faith first received. Overflowing thankfulness returns in 3:15 to 17.

Colossians 2:7

“Rooted ...in him - As a tree strikes its roots deep in the earth, so our faith should strike deep into the doctrine respecting the Saviour. See the phrase used here explained in the parallel place in Eph 3:17. And established in the faith, as ye have been taught - To wit, by the founders of the church, and by those faithful ministers who had succeeded them; Notes, Col 1:7. Abounding therein with thanksgiving - Expressing overflowing thanks to God that you have been made acquainted with truths so precious and glorious.”

The Bond Against Us Nailed to the Cross

See to it that no one takes you captive: The article in the Greek marks one philosophy, the Colossian error, based on human tradition and the spiritual forces of the world. The verb for takes you captive is a raider's word for carrying off a captive stripped of all he owns.

Colossians 2:8

“Writing to the Colossians, he says, "See that no one beguile you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, and contrary to the wisdom of the Holy Ghost." He had been at Athens, and had in his interviews (with its philosophers) become acquainted with that human wisdom which pretends to know the truth, whilst it only corrupts it, and is itself divided into its own manifold heresies, by the variety of its mutually repugnant sects.”

Tertullian · written before 220 · The Prescription Against Hereticspatristic

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Colossians 2:8

“But NEANDER, "the elements of the world," in the sense, what is earthly, carnal and outward, not "the rudiments of religion," in Judaism and heathenism. not after Christ--"Their" boasted higher "philosophy" is but human tradition, and a cleaving to the carnal and worldly, and not to Christ. Though acknowledging Christ nominally, in spirit they by their doctrine deny Him.”

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Colossians 2:8

“Those who pin their faith on other men's sleeves, and walk in the way of the world, have turned away from following after Christ. The deceivers were especially the Jewish teachers, who endeavoured to keep up the law of Moses in conjunction with the gospel of Christ, but really in competition with it and contradiction to it.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Colossians 2:8

“Beware lest any man spoil you - The word συλαγωγων, from συλη, prey, and αγειν, to lead or carry away, signifies to rob, or spoil of their goods, as if by violence or rapine. Their goods were the salvation they had received from Christ; and both the Gentile and Jewish teachers endeavored to deprive them of these, by perverting their minds, and leading them off from the truths of Christianity. Philosophy and vain deceit - Or, the vain or empty deceit of philosophy; such philosophizing as the Jewish and Gentile teachers used.”

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Colossians 2:9-10

all the fullness of the Deity: The word for Deity is theotes, the divine nature in full, beside the weaker theiotes. In bodily form renders somatikos, the whole nature of God in a real human body.

Colossians 2:9

“They moreover affirm that the Saviour is shown to be derived from all the Aeons, and to be in Himself everything by the following passage: "Every male that openeth the womb." For He, being everything, opened the womb of the enthymesis of the suffering Aeon, when it had been expelled from the Pleroma. This they also style the second Ogdoad, of which we shall speak presently.”

Irenaeus · written before 202 · Irenaeus Against Heresies Book 1patristic

ConnectionsExodus 3:2

made complete in Christ: Adam Clarke notes that the Greek behind made complete is the verb of fullness, so the believers are filled in Christ. The philosophy of verse 8 is empty deception, and the fullness of verse 9 fills them. Nothing remains for angels or rules to supply.

Colossians 2:10

“And ye are complete in him - Και εστε εν αυτῳ πεπληρωμενοι· And, ye are filled with him. Our word complete quite destroys the connection subsisting in the apostle’s ideas. The philosophy of the world was empty, κενη, but there was a πληρωμα, or fullness, in Christ; the Colossians were empty - spoiled and deprived of every good, while following the empty philosophy and groundless traditions of Jewish and Gentile teachers; but since they had received Christ Jesus they were πεπληρωμενοι, filled with him.”

Colossians 2:11-12

In Him you were also circumcised: The circumcision here is union with Christ's death, the putting off of your sinful nature, done by Christ and not by human hands. The phrase having been buried with Him in baptism, you were raised with Him carries the burial and rising of Romans 6:4.

Colossians 2:11

“In whom - In connection with whom, or in virtue of whose religion. Ye are circumcised - You have received that which was designed to be represented by circumcision - the putting away of sin; Notes, Php 3:3. With the circumcision made without hands - That made in the heart by the renunciation of all sin.”

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Colossians 2:11

“It consists in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, in renouncing sin and reforming our lives, not in mere external rites. It is not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience towards God, 1 Pet. iii. And it is not enough to put away some one particular sin, but we must put off the whole body of sin.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Colossians 2:11

“3:1, 3, 4, which similarly makes the believer, by spiritual union with Christ, to have personal fellowship in the several states of Christ, namely, His death, resurrection, and appearing in glory. Nothing was done or suffered by our Mediator as such, but may be acted in our souls and represented in our spirits. PEARSON'S view, however, is that of ALFORD.”

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

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ConnectionsGenesis 17:10

through your faith in the power of God: The phrase is read two ways. Barnes takes the power of God as what faith believes, that God raised Jesus, and Clarke takes it as what produces the faith. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown join the two: the power that raised Christ also works faith in the soul.

Colossians 2:12

“Buried with him in baptism - Alluding to the immersions practised in the case of adults, wherein the person appeared to be buried under the Water, as Christ was buried in the heart of the earth. His rising again the third any, and their emerging from the water, was an emblem of the resurrection of the body; and, in them, of a total change of life. The faith of the operation of God - They were quickened, changed, and saved, by means of faith in Christ Jesus; which faith was produced by the operation or energy of God.”

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Colossians 2:12

“But the thing signified by our baptism is that we are buried with Christ, as baptism is the seal of the covenant and an obligation to our dying to sin; and that we are raised with Christ, as it is a seal and obligation to our living to righteousness, or newness of life.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

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Colossians 2:13-14

When you were dead in your trespasses: The debt canceled at verse 14 is cheirographon, a bond signed in the debtor's own hand. The words nailing it to the cross picture the Roman practice of posting a condemned man's charge.

Colossians 2:13

“It does not appear, that in all this St. Paul speaks of justification at all, but of sanctification altogether. And you who were dead - Doubly dead to God, not only wallowing in trespasses, outward sins, but also in the uncircumcision of your flesh - A beautiful expression for original sin, the inbred corruption of your nature, your uncircumcised heart and affections.”

John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical

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Colossians 2:13

“For unto this end was manifested the Son of God, to undo the works of the devil: "for He has "undone" them withal, by setting man free through baptism, the "handwriting of death" having been "made a gift of" to him: and accordingly, "he who is being born of God doeth not sin, because the seed of God abideth in him; and he cannot sin, because he hath been born of God.”

Tertullian · written before 220 · On Modestypatristic

Colossians 2:13

“And you, being dead in your sins - Notes, Eph 2:1. And the uncircumcision of your flesh - That is, Gentiles, and giving unrestrained indulgence to the desires of the flesh. They lived as those who had not by any religious rite or covenant brought themselves under obligations to lead holy lives. Hath he quickened - Notes, Eph 2:1. Together with him - In virtue of his being restored to life. That is, the resurrection of the Lord Jesus was the means of imparting to us spiritual life.”

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nailing it to the cross!: Chrysostom reads the debt three ways: Israel's pledge to obey God, the obedience all owe God, and Adam's death sentence the devil held. In each, Christ took it away and tore it in two. Barnes adds that a debt in the East could be canceled by nailing through it.

Colossians 2:14

“But Christ, who was sold, is held by the assumption of the condition, not by the price of guilt, because He Himself did not commit sin. Therefore, He contracted our debt, not His own money; He took away the handwriting, removed the lender, stripped off the debtor: He alone paid what was owed by all. It was not lawful for us to escape from servitude. He undertook this for us, to repel the servitude of the world, restore the freedom of paradise, and bestow a new grace of His fellowship in honor. This is by way of mystery.”

Ambrose of Milan · written before 397 · On Joseph the Patriarchpatristic

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Colossians 2:14

"Upon me be the curse, my father." He vacated and disannulled the judgment which was against us. When he was nailed to the cross, the curse was as it were nailed to the cross. And our indwelling corruption is crucified with Christ, and by virtue of his cross.

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Colossians 2:14

“Blotting out the hand-writing of ordinances - By the hand-writing of ordinances the apostle most evidently means the ceremonial law: this was against them, for they were bound to fulfill it; and it was contrary to them, as condemning them for their neglect and transgression of it. This law God himself has blotted out. Blotting out the hand-writing is probably an allusion to Num 5:23, where the curses written in the book, in the case of the woman suspected of adultery, are directed to be blotted out with the bitter waters.”

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having disarmed the powers and authorities: The verb for triumphing is thriambeuo, a Roman general's triumph, where defeated enemies were led through the streets stripped of arms. The powers of 1:16 that the error taught men to appease are here disarmed and made a public spectacle.

Colossians 2:15

“But at the ascension Satan and his demons were "judged" and "cast out" by Christ's obedience unto death (Joh 12:31; Re 12:5-10), and the Son of man was raised to the throne of God; thus His resurrection and ascension are a public solemn triumph over the principalities and powers of death. It is striking that the heathen oracles were silenced soon after Christ's ascension.”

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

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Colossians 2:15

“The devil and all the powers of hell were conquered and disarmed by the dying Redeemer. The first promise pointed at this; the bruising of the heel of Christ in his sufferings was the breaking of the serpent's head, Gen. iii. The expressions are lofty and magnificent: let us turn aside and see this great sight.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Colossians 2:15

“And having spoiled - Plundered as a victorious army does a conquered country. Notes, Col 2:8. The terms used in this verse are all military, and the idea is, that Christ has completely subdued our enemies by his death. A complete victory was achieved by his death, so that every thing is now in subjection to him, and we have nothing to fear. Principalities and powers - Notes, Eph 1:21; Eph 6:12, note. The “principalities and powers” here referred to, are the formidable enemies that had held man in subjection, and prevented his serving God.”

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Shadows, Angel-Worship, and Rules That Cannot Restrain

Colossians 2:16-17

let no one judge you by what you eat or drink: The terms what you eat or drink and a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath cover the old covenant's table and calendar. They are a shadow of the things to come, and the body that casts it belongs to Christ.

Colossians 2:16

“The apostles ordained, that "we should not judge any one in respect to meat or drink, or in regard to a feast day, or the new moons, or the sabbaths." Whence then these contentions? whence these schisms? We keep the feast, but in the leaven of malice and wickedness, cutting in pieces the Church of God; and we preserve what belongs to its exterior, that we may cast away these better things, faith and love. We have heard from the prophetic words that these feasts and fasts are displeasing to the Lord.”

Irenaeus · written before 202 · Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeuspatristic

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Colossians 2:16

“Let no man - judge you in meat, or in drink - The apostle speaks here in reference to some particulars of the hand-writing of ordinances, which had been taken away, viz., the distinction of meats and drinks, what was clean and what unclean, according to the law; and the necessity of observing certain holydays or festivals, such as the new moons and particular sabbaths, or those which should be observed with more than ordinary solemnity; all these had been taken out of the way and nailed to the cross, and were no longer of moral obligation.”

Colossians 2:16

“Much of the ceremonies of the law of Moses consisted in the distinction of meats and days. It appears by Rom. xiv. that there were those who were for keeping up those distinctions: but here the apostle shows that since Christ has come, and has cancelled the ceremonial law, we ought not to keep it up.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

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a shadow of the things to come: Chrysostom knew two ways of dividing this sentence. Some end it at the body that belongs to Christ, and others join the body of Christ to the next verse. Henry adds that keeping the shadow as binding treats Christ as still to come.

Colossians 2:17

“Which are a shadow of things to come - See the notes at Heb 8:5; Heb 10:1, note. They were only a dim outline of future things, not the reality. But the body is of Christ - The reality, the substance. All that they signified is of or in Christ. Between those things themselves which are in Christ, and those which only represented or prefigured them, there is as much difference as there is between a body and a shadow; a solid substance and a mere outline.”

Colossians 2:18-19

Do not let anyone who delights in false humility: The false teacher delights in false humility and the worship of angels and would disqualify you. He rests his claim on speculation about what he has seen, visions the text will not honor. The defect beneath the ritual is named: He has lost connection to the head.

Colossians 2:18

"To be umpire in a contest to the detriment of one." This defrauding of their prize the Colossians would suffer, by letting any self-constituted arbitrator or judge (that is, false teacher) draw them away from Christ," the righteous Judge" and Awarder of the prize (2Ti 4:8; 1Pe 5:4), to angel-worship. in a voluntary humility--So "will-worship" (Col 2:23).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

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Colossians 2:18

“It looked like a piece of modesty to make use of the mediation of angels, as conscious to ourselves of our unworthiness to speak immediately to God; but, though it has a show of humility, it is a voluntary, not a commanded humility; and therefore it is not acceptable, yea, it is not warrantable: it is taking that honour which is due to Christ only and giving it to a creature.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Colossians 2:18

“Let no man beguile you - Μηδεις ὑμας καταβραβευετω· Let no man take the prize from you which the βραβευς, brabeus, or judge in the contests, has assigned you, in consequence of your having obtained the victory. This any reader will see, is an allusion to the Olympic and Isthmian games, and to the prizes assigned to these who had obtained the victory in one or more of the contests which there took place.”

Colossians 2:18

“THERE is an allusion here to the prize which was offered to the runners in the Olympic games. And at the outset it is well for us to remark how very frequently the Apostle Paul conducts us by his metaphors to the racecourse. Over and over again he is telling us so to run that we may obtain, bidding us to strive and, at other times, to agonize, and speaks of wrestling and contending.”

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He has lost connection to the head: Irenaeus reads holding the head as confessing the Son of God come in the flesh, and turns that confession against the heretics. Matthew Henry applies the verse to the angels of verse 18. To use any other intercessor with God is to let go of the head.

Colossians 2:19

“Remember, therefore, my beloved friend, that thou hast been redeemed by the flesh of our Lord, re-established by His blood; and "holding the Head, from which the whole body of the Church, having been fitted together, takes increase" -that is, acknowledging the advent in the flesh of the Son of God, and [His] divinity, and looking forward with constancy to His human nature, availing thyself also of these proofs drawn from Scripture-thou dost easily overthrow, as I have pointed out, all those notions of the heretics which were concocted afterwards.”

Irenaeus · written before 202 · Against Heresies Book Vpatristic

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Colossians 2:19

“And not holding the Head - Not holding the true doctrine respecting the Great Head of the church, the Lord Jesus Christ; Notes, Eph 1:22. This is regarded here as essential to the maintenance of all the other doctrines of religion. He who has just views of the Redeemer will not be in much danger of erring respecting the other points of religious belief. From which all the body ... - This passage is almost word for word the same as in Eph 4:15-16. See it explained in the notes there.”

Colossians 2:19

“They do in effect disclaim Christ, who is the only Mediator between God and man. It is the highest disparagement to Christ, who is the head of the church, for any of the members of it to make use of any intercessors with God but him.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

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Colossians 2:20-23

If you have died with Christ: Such rules have an appearance of wisdom, with their self-prescribed worship, ethelothreskeia, a religion of a man's own devising. They are of no value against the indulgence of the flesh.

Colossians 2:20

“With the knowledge of what Paul had seen and heard in paradise, he cried out saying: "Why, as if still viewing the world do you lay down rules: 'Do not touch; nor handle; nor taste!'—things which must all perish in their very use!" He wished us to be in the world in figure, not in actual possession and use of it.”

Ambrose of Milan · written before 397 · Commentary (church-history corpus)patristic

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Colossians 2:20

“If ye be dead with Christ - See the notes on Rom 6:3, Rom 6:5 (note). From the rudiments of the world - Ye have renounced all hope of salvation from the observance of Jewish rites and ceremonies, which were only rudiments, first elements, or the alphabet, out of which the whole science of Christianity was composed. We have often seen that the world and this world signify the Jewish dispensation, or the rites, ceremonies, and services performed under it.”

Colossians 2:20

“Therefore - The inference begun, Colossians ii, 16; is continued. A new inference follows, Colossians iii, 1. If ye are dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world - That is, If ye are dead with Christ, and so freed from them, why receive ye ordinances - Which Christ hath not enjoined, from which he hath made you free.”

John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical

Colossians 2:20

“Wherefore--The oldest manuscripts omit "Wherefore." if ye be dead--Greek, "if ye died (so as to be freed) from," &c. (compare Ro 6:2; Ga 2:19). rudiments of the world-- (Col 2:8).”

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

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Chrysostom hears mockery in the three commands, as if Paul were quoting the regulations of verse 20 back to those who taught them. Clarke finds the same clipped form in Jewish rules for the Nazirite: do not drink, do not shave. The commands tighten from handle to taste to touch.

Colossians 2:21

“Tough not; taste not; handle not - These words seem intended as a specimen of the kind of ordinances which the apostle refers to, or an imitation of the language of the Jewish teachers in regard to various kinds of food and drink. “Why are ye subject to ordinances of various kinds, such as this - Touch not, taste not, handle not?” That is, such as prohibit you from even touching certain kinds of food, or tasting certain kinds of drink, or handling certain prohibited things.”

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Colossians 2:21

“Christians are freed by Christ from the ritual observances of Moses's law, and delivered from that yoke of bondage which God himself had laid upon them. Subjection to ordinances, or human appointments in the worship of God, is highly blamable, and contrary to the freedom and liberty of the gospel.”

Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

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These will all perish with use: Food is used up in the eating, so it can leave no lasting stain on a person. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown point to Matthew 15:17. The human commands here are the rules of those who let go of the head.

Colossians 2:22

“Which all are to perish with the using - These are not matters of eternal moment; the different kinds of meats were made for the body, and go with it into corruption: in like manner, all the rites and ceremonies of the Jewish religion now perish, having accomplished the end of their institution; namely, to lead us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.”

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Colossians 2:22

“For Moses had evidently received the law from God. When, therefore, he speaks of their "following the commandments and doctrines of men," he refers to the conduct of those persons who "held not the Head," even Him in whom all things are gathered together; for they are all recalled to Christ, and concentrated in Him as their initiating principle -even the meats and drinks which were indifferent in their nature.”

Tertullian · written before 220 · Against Marcion Book Vpatristic

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an appearance of wisdom: Wesley reads the close sharply: such restrictions end by satisfying the flesh they claim to subdue. Chrysostom adds that God gave the body honour, and harsh treatment of the body strips it of that honour. Self-prescribed worship feeds the flesh.

Colossians 2:23

“Which things - Which scrupulous observance of the numerous precepts enjoining rites and ceremonies, the observance of days, and the distinctions between meats and drinks. Have indeed a show of wisdom - Have a great appearance of piety and of regard for the will of God They have a show of “wisdom,” too, or of a deep acquaintance with divine things. They who insist on them appear to be learned in what constitutes religion, and to have a deep insight into its mysteries.”

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Colossians 2:23

“Not sparing the body - Denying it many gratifications, and putting it to many inconveniences. Yet they are not of any real value before God, nor do they, upon the whole, mortify, but satisfy, the flesh.”

John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical

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How this psalm is built

The form: A warning built on the believers' place in Christ, with one inference begun at verse 16 and carried on at verse 20 against the rules pressed on them, as Wesley classes it.

The patterns in this chapter

The devices this chapter is built on, what each one does, and one verse where it stands.
DeviceWhat it doesWhere to see it
In Him, seven timesThe phrase in whom, in Him or in Christ comes seven times in the Berean text between verses 3 and 11. The treasures of wisdom, the fullness of the Deity and the believers' completeness all stand in the same place. John Chrysostom reads the charge of verse 6 as a walk in Christ, who is the way to the Father, and he adds that the way of the angels leads nowhere.John Chrysostom, Homily on Colossians 6, on Colossians 2:6.Colossians 2:3, Colossians 2:6, Colossians 2:7, Colossians 2:9, Colossians 2:10, Colossians 2:11
The tree and the building of verse 7Verse 7 joins four descriptions to the walk of verse 6: rooted, built up, established and overflowing. Adam Clarke notes that the first two join the growth of a tree to the rising of a building, the roots spreading deep and the walls going up on a foundation already laid.Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible, on Colossians 2:7.Colossians 2:7
The triumph of verse 15Verse 15 draws three pictures from a Roman victory: the enemy disarmed, shown to the public and led in triumph. Adam Clarke reads the verse as the treatment of conquered enemies, stripped of their armour and exhibited to the crowd when the victor was granted a triumph.Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible, on Colossians 2:15.Colossians 2:15
The shadow and the body of verse 17Verse 16 names five things, food, drink, a feast, a New Moon and a Sabbath, and verse 17 calls them a shadow cast by a body that belongs to Christ. Albert Barnes puts the difference as that between a solid substance and a mere outline.Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869), on Colossians 2:17.Colossians 2:16, Colossians 2:17
Handle, taste, touchVerse 21 gives three short prohibitions in a row. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown read them as an ascending climax, and they separate the first verb, a close contact that holds on, from the third, a passing touch.Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, on Colossians 2:21.Colossians 2:21

How this chapter is built

6 more paragraphs on the patterns

Verses 1 to 5 carry Paul's struggle in prayer for churches that have never seen him. Verses 6 and 7 give the charge the rest depends on: as they received Christ Jesus as Lord, so they are to walk in Him. The phrase in whom, in Him or in Christ then comes seven times between verses 3 and 11, and the phrase with Him or with Christ four times between verses 12 and 20. John Wesley, at verse 20, marks one inference begun at verse 16 against judgment over food and days and carried on at verse 20 against the rules of handling, tasting and touching, with a new inference opening at 3:1.

Where it stands in the letter

Jamieson, Fausset and Brown note that the word for Paul's struggle in verse 1 is the one used at 1:29, so the chapter carries on the labour the first chapter closed on. They call the charge of verse 6 the main scope of the letter. The death and rising with Christ that begins at verse 12 runs across the seam into 3:1 to 4, where the believers' life is hidden with Christ and will appear with Him. Chapter 3 builds its commands on that ground.

Where to go deeper

The shadow and the body of verse 17 have their own page at /featured/the-shadow, and the Sabbath of verse 16 is taken up at /featured/sabbath-rest. The circumcision without hands of verse 11 is at /featured/circumcision-of-the-heart, and the burial in baptism of verse 12 at /featured/water-baptism. The treasures of verse 3 are at /featured/christ-our-wisdom, and the fullness of the Deity in bodily form of verse 9 is taught at /featured/the-incarnation.

Sources: John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, on Colossians 2:20. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, on Colossians 2:1 and 2:6. John Chrysostom, Homily on Colossians 6, on Colossians 2:6. Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible, on Colossians 2:7 and 2:15, the triumph. Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869), on Colossians 2:14, the debt note, and 2:17. The Jewish settlement in the region rests on Josephus, The Antiquities of the Jews.

Keep studying

Sources for this chapter

The summary

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.

The context

Charles Hodge, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians and J. B. Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon.

The form and classifications

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, on Colossians 2:6; John Chrysostom, Homily on Colossians 5, on Colossians 2:2 and John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, on Colossians 2:20.

The exposition

Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes; Augustine of Hippo, Commentary (church-history corpus); Irenaeus, Against Heresies Book V; J. B. Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Calvin, Commentary on Colossians; John Chrysostom; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Tertullian, Against Marcion Book V.