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1 Samuel 15:3

in 1 Samuel 15

Now go and attack the Amalekites and devote to destruction all that belongs to them. Do not spare them, but put to death men and women, children and infants, oxen and sheep, camels and donkeys.’”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.

KJV

Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.

This verse in 1 Samuel 15

Commentary

9 notes on this verse
Utterly destroy - Rather, “devote to destruction” (Lev 27:28 note). When a city or people were thus made cherem, everything living was to be destroyed, and no part of the spoil fall to the conquerors (compare 1Sa 15:21). The valuables were put into the sacred treasury.

This site's exposition

The LORD sent me to anoint you king over His people Israel

on 1 Samuel 15:1-3

Samuel reminds Saul that his crown came by anointing, so obedience is the condition of the office. The command reaches back to Exodus 17:14 to 16, where the LORD swore war with Amalek for the ambush on the way from Egypt, and to Deuteronomy 25:17 to 19. The words "devote to destruction" render the Hebrew herem, a ban that spares nothing, and set the standard for every later verse.

This site's exposition

devote to destruction all that belongs to them

Albert Barnes reads the ban by Leviticus 27:28. Every living thing under it died, and no share of the spoil went to the soldiers, which left Saul's army nothing to keep at verse 9. John Wesley answers the hardest clause, the children and infants, by naming God the Lord of every life, who may call it back when He wills.

The record, by era

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Samuel · Written before 735.

proposed

Do not spare them, but kill, etc. From man to woman, from the perfected work of sin to carnal thought, namely the filthy mother and nurse of wicked offspring. The infant and the suckling, the very beginnings and purpose of nefarious action, which a recent …

A commentator

Gregory the Dialogist

Commentary on 1 Kings, Book 6, Chapter 1 · Written before 604.

proposed

What does it mean when he says: "Hear the voice of the Lord," unless that those who wish to live chastely must keep subtle watch against the deceits of the spirit of fornication? As if to say: Do not cease to consider with how many snares he prepares to subject the elect to himself. And therefore he did not say: "I have recounted how he resisted Israel," but: "Hear the voice of the Lord. I have recounted how he resisted Israel."

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

Slay, &c. - Which was not unjust, because God is the supreme Lord of life, and can require his own when he pleaseth; infants likewise are born in sin, and therefore liable to God's wrath. Their death also was rather a mercy than a curse, as being the occasion of preventing their sin and punishment.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

The longer judgment is delayed many times the more severe it is when it comes. God chooses out instruments to do his work that are fittest for it. This was bloody work, and therefore Saul who was a rough and severe man must do it.
Now go and smite Amalek,....
1 more voice on this verse

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Slay both man and woman - Nothing could justify such an exterminating decree but the absolute authority of God. This was given: all the reasons of it we do not know; but this we know well, The Judge of all the earth doth right. This war was not for plunder, for God commanded that all the property as well as all the people should be destroyed.

The words behind it

26 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • עַתָּה֩now

    ʾatahH6258 →433 times

  • לֵ֨ךְgo

    lekhH1980 →1546 times

  • וְהִכִּֽיתָ֜הand you will attack

    vehikitahH5221 →499 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • עֲמָלֵ֗קAmalek

    ʾamalekH6002 →39 times

  • וְהַֽחֲרַמְתֶּם֙and you will totally destroy

    vehacharamtemH2763 →52 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • כָּל־all

    kol-H3605 →5413 times

  • אֲשֶׁר־that

    ʾasher-H834 →5497 times

  • ל֔וֹ[belongs] to <the> it

    lo

  • וְלֹ֥אand not

    velo'H3808 →5168 times

  • תַחְמֹ֖לyou must have compassion

    tachmolH2550 →41 times

  • עָלָ֑יוon it

    ʾalavH5921 →5755 times

  • וְהֵמַתָּ֞הand you will put to death

    vehematahH4191 →839 times

  • מֵאִ֣ישׁfrom a man

    meishH376 →1663 times

  • עַד־unto

    ʾad-H5704 →1261 times

  • אִשָּׁ֗הa woman

    ʾishahH802 →781 times

  • מֵֽעֹלֵל֙from a child

    meolelH5768 →

  • וְעַד־and unto

    vead-H5704 →1261 times

  • יוֹנֵ֔קa suckling-child

    yonekH3243 →33 times

  • מִשּׁ֣וֹרfrom an ox

    mishorH7794 →79 times

  • וְעַד־and unto

    vead-H5704 →1261 times

  • שֶׂ֔הa sheep

    sehH7716 →47 times

  • מִגָּמָ֖לfrom a camel

    migamalH1581 →54 times

  • וְעַד־and unto

    vead-H5704 →1261 times

  • חֲמֽוֹר׃ סa donkey

    chamorH2543 →96 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Numbers 24:20

    Then Balaam saw Amalek and lifted up an oracle, saying: “Amalek was first among the nations, but his end is destruction.”

    it leads to

    • Exodus 17:14

      Then the LORD said to Moses, “Write this on a scroll as a reminder and recite it to Joshua, because I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.”

    • Exodus 17:8

      After this, the Amalekites came and attacked the Israelites at Rephidim.

  • Through

    Numbers 31:17

    So now, kill all the boys, as well as every woman who has had relations with a man,

    it leads to

    • Judges 21:11–12

      This is what you are to do: Devote to destruction every male, as well as every female who has had relations with a man.”

    • Deuteronomy 20:16–18

      However, in the cities of the nations that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you must not leave alive anything that breathes.

    • Deuteronomy 7:2

      and when the LORD your God has delivered them over to you to defeat them, then you must devote them to complete destruction. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy.

  • Through

    1 Samuel 22:19

    He also put to the sword Nob, the city of the priests, with its men and women, children and infants, oxen, donkeys, and sheep.

    it leads to

    • James 2:13

      For judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment.

    • Nehemiah 11:32

      in Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah,

    • 1 Samuel 21:1

      Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And when Ahimelech met David, he trembled and asked him, “Why are you alone? Why is no one with you?”

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Samuel

The Death of Agag — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Death of Agag — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Gregory the Dialogist, Commentary on 1 Kings, Book 6, Chapter 1; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Books of Samuel and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.