
Hebrewschapter 13
25 verses · unknown · AD 60 to 69 · The general letters
Through Jesus, therefore, let us continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise, the fruit of lips that confess His name.
Introduction
unknown, The general letters, Hebrews Overview.
The writer of this sermon reaches his closing chapter, and he writes now as a pastor who knows his readers by name and situation. Some of them had lost property, some were in prison, and all of them had leaders to follow and a community to keep. After twelve chapters of argument he gives them plain commands for ordinary life. Listen for the word sacrifice, which comes back in a new sense near the end. Listen also for the closing prayer, one of the richest blessings in the New Testament. The chapter shows how the doctrine of the letter is lived out.
Context
- Who
- A congregation with members in prison and a decision to make about staying outside the synagogue
- What
- The closing chapter of the letter, with commands for the life of the community, a call to follow Jesus outside the camp, a benediction and personal greetings.
- Where
- Written to a community of Jewish believers, most likely in or near Rome, for the writer sends greetings from those from Italy at verse 24.
- When
- Most likely in the 60s AD, after Timothy's release from prison and while the temple sacrifices still continued.
- Why
- To show believers how to live out the faith the letter has defended, and to bind them to Jesus and to one another as the letter closes.
Historical context
Visiting prisoners was dangerous and necessary. Roman jails supplied no food, so a prisoner lived on what friends brought, and the friend who brought it identified himself publicly as an associate of the accused.
Show the rest of the historical context, 3 more paragraphs
Hospitality to strangers mattered because the alternative was an inn. Public inns had a foul reputation, often doubling as taverns and brothels, so traveling believers relied on being taken in by households they had never met, usually with a letter of introduction.
'Outside the camp' is precise ritual language. On the Day of Atonement the bodies of the sin-offering animals were carried outside the camp and burned; the same ground outside the walls was where the condemned were executed, which is where Jesus died. Going out to him there meant accepting the same position, outside the respectable community.
The last lines are ordinary letter business: Timothy has been released, the writer hopes to travel, greetings come from those from Italy. That final phrase is the main clue that the letter has Rome at one end of it, though whether it was written from Italy or to it is genuinely unclear.
Significance
The hearers had been arguing themselves toward the door of the synagogue for thirteen chapters. This one says the door is the wrong way round: the sacrifice they belong to is outside the camp, and so is he.
Show the rest of the significance, 1 more paragraph
What they are offered in exchange for the city they are leaving is a city that is coming. In the meantime the sacrifices they can actually bring are praise, doing good, and sharing what they have.
The heads below are this chapter's scenes. The numbered points under each are its verses.
Brotherly Love, Hospitality, and Contentment
Hebrews 13:1-3
Continue in brotherly love: The first duty is that brotherly love, philadelphia in Greek, continue. Hospitality is urged with an example, since some people have entertained angels without knowing it, as Abraham did at Mamre and Lot at Sodom's gate. Prisoners are remembered as if you were bound with them.
Hebrews 13:1
Behold, the Lord was not recognized while He was speaking, and He deigned to be recognized while He was being fed. Therefore, dearest brothers, love hospitality, love the works of charity. For hence it is said through Paul: "Let brotherly love continue in you, and do not forget hospitality. For through this some have pleased, having received angels as guests." Hence Peter says: "Be hospitable to one another without murmuring." Hence Truth itself says: "I was a stranger, and you took me in."
Gregory the Dialogist · written before 604 · Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 23patristic
1 more voice on this verseWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.
Hebrews 13:1
“Let brotherly love continue - Implying that it now existed among them. The apostle had no occasion to reprove them for the want of it, as he had in regard to some to whom he wrote, but he aims merely to impress on them the importance of this virtue, and to caution them against the danger of allowing it ever to be interrupted; see the notes on Joh 13:34.”
entertained angels without knowing it: The verbs behind Do not neglect and without knowing it share one Greek root, lanthano, to escape notice. The duty is never to slip the mind, and the blessing once slipped past the hosts who entertained angels.
Hebrews 13:2
“To entertain stranger’s - In those early times, when there were scarcely any public inns or houses of entertainment, it was an office of charity and mercy to receive, lodge, and entertain travelers; and this is what the apostle particularly recommends. Entertained angels - Abraham and Lot are the persons particularly referred to. Their history, the angels whom they entertained, not knowing them to be such, and the good they derived from exercising their hospitality on these occasions, are well known; and have been particularly referred to in the notes on Gen 18:3 (note); Gen 19:2 (note).”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
Hebrews 13:2
“To obviate the natural distrust felt of strangers, Paul says, an unknown guest may be better than he looks: he may be unexpectedly found to be as much a messenger of God for good, as the angels (whose name means messenger) are; nay more, if a Christian, he represents Christ Himself.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
as if you were bound with them: John Wesley reads remember as prayer joined with practical help. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown ground the bond in one body under one Head, citing 1 Corinthians 12:26. Adversity may come at any age, they add, as it came to Joseph in youth and to Job in manhood.
Hebrews 13:3
“Remember them that are in bonds - All who are “bound;” whether prisoners of war; captives in dungeons; those detained in custody for trial; those who are imprisoned for righteousness’ sake, or those held in slavery. The word used here will include all instances where “bonds, shackles, chains were ever used.” Perhaps there is an immediate allusion to their fellow-Christians who were suffering imprisonment on account of their religion, of whom there were doubtless many at that time, but the “principle” will apply to every case of those who are imprisoned or oppressed.”
2 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:3
“Remember them that are in bonds,.... Not for criminal actions, or for debt, though such should be remembered, and pity showed them, especially the latter; but such as are in bonds for the sake of Christ, and the Gospel.”
Hebrews 13:3
“The duty--to remember those that are in bonds and in adversity. (1.) God often orders it so that while some Christians and churches are in adversity others enjoy peace and liberty. All are not called at the same time to resist unto blood.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Hebrews 13:4-6
Marriage should be honored by all: Verse 4 guards marriage, and verse 5 keeps lives free from the love of money. Contentment rests on Joshua 1:5, Never will I leave you, never will I forsake you, and the Greek piles up five negatives. The answer quotes Psalm 118:6, The Lord is my helper.
Hebrews 13:4
But rather, he says, "Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord: looking diligently, lest there be any fornicator or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel surrendered his birth-right; and lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby many be defiled." And then, as putting the finishing stroke to the question about marriage, he adds: "Marriage is honourable in all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge."
Clement of Alexandria · written before 215 · The Stromata Book 4patristic
4 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:4
“Marriage is honourable in, or for all sorts of men, clergy as well as laity: though the Romanists teach otherwise. And the bed undefiled - Consistent with the highest purity; though many spiritual writers, so called, say it is only licensed whoredom.”
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical
Hebrews 13:4
“Marriage is honorable in all - Let this state be highly esteemed as one of God’s own instituting, and as highly calculated to produce the best interests of mankind. This may have been said against the opinions of the Essenes, called Therapeutae, who held marriage in little repute, and totally abstained from it themselves as a state of comparative imperfection.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Hebrews 13:4
“A dreadful but just censure of impurity and lewdness: Whoremongers and adulterers God will judge. (1.) God knows who are guilty of such sins, no darkness can hide them from him. (2.) He will call such sins by their proper names, not by the names of love and gallantry, but of whoredom and adultery, whoredom in the single state and adultery in the married state.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Hebrews 13:4
“Marriage is honourable in all,.... Some read these words as an exhortation, "let" it "be so"; others as an assertion, it is so.”
free from the love of money: The love of money is paired with the sexual sin of verse 4. The promise Never will I leave you was given to Jacob at Genesis 28:15, and here it is spoken to every believer.
Hebrews 13:5
“We must then exercise ourselves in taking care about those things which fall under the power of the passions, fleeing like those who are truly philosophers such articles of food as excite lust, and dissolute licentiousness in chambering and luxury; and the sensations that tend to luxury, which are a solid reward to others, must no longer be so to us. For God's greatest gift is self-restraint. For He Himself has said, "I will neyer leave thee, nor forsake thee," as having judged thee worthy according to the true election.”
Clement of Alexandria · written before 215 · The Stromata Book 2patristic
3 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:5
“Let your conversation - Your “conduct” - for so the word “conversation” is used in the Scriptures; notes, Php 1:27. Be without covetousness - Eph 5:3 note; Col 3:5 note. And be content with such things as ye have - see the Php 4:11-12 notes; Mat 6:25-34 notes. The particular reason here given for contentment is, that God has promised never to leave his people. Compare with this the beautiful argument of the Saviour in Mat 6:25 ff. For he hath said - That is, God has said.”
Hebrews 13:5
“The sin that is contrary to this grace and duty-- covetousness, an over eager desire of the wealth of this world, envying those who have more than we. This sin we must allow no place in our conversation; for, though it be a secret lust lurking in the heart, if it be not subdued it will enter into our conversation, and discover itself in our manner of speaking and acting.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Hebrews 13:5
“WHAT POWER RESIDES in "Thus saith the Lord!" The man who can grasp by faith, "He hath said," has an all-conquering weapon in his hand. What doubt will not be slain by this to two-edged sword? What fear is that which shall not fall smitten with a deadly wound before this arrow from the bow of God's covenant?”
Cross references
Hebrews 13:5
- QuotingDeuteronomy 31:6Be strong and courageous; do not be afraid or terrified of them, for it is the LORD your God who goes with you; He will never leave you nor forsake you.”
'I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee' ('he hath said')
Jamieson, Fausset and Brown read the boldness as confidence already held, the answer the believer gives to the promise of verse 5. They set Psalm 56:4 beside Psalm 118:6.
Hebrews 13:6
“So that we may boldly say - We, in such circumstances, while cleaving to the Lord, may confidently apply to ourselves what God spake to Joshua and to Solomon; and what he spake to David, “The Lord is my helper, I will not fear what man can do.” God is omnipotent, man’s power is limited; howsoever strong he may be, he can do nothing against the Almighty.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Cross references
Hebrews 13:6
- QuotingPsalms 118:6“The LORD is on my side; I will not be afraid. What can man do to me?”
'The Lord is my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me'
Go Forth to Him Outside the Camp
Hebrews 13:7-8
Remember your leaders: The leaders are those who spoke the word of God to you, and the past tense points to leaders now gone. The readers are to imitate their faith. Against their passing stands Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.
Hebrews 13:7
“Remember them which have the rule over you - Margin, “are the guides.” The word used here means properly “leaders, guides, directors.” It is often applied to military commanders. Here it means teachers - appointed to lead or guide them to eternal life. It does not refer to them so much as rulers or governors, as teachers, or guides. In Heb 13:17, however, it is used in the former sense. The duty here enjoined is that of remembering them; that is, remembering their counsel; their instructions; their example.”
3 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:7
“My child, him that speaketh to thee the word of God remember night and day; and thou shalt honour him as the Lord; for in the place whence lordly rule is uttered, there is the Lord. And thou shalt seek out day by day the faces of the saints, in order that thou mayest rest upon their words. Thou shalt not long for division, but shalt bring those who contend to peace.”
Didache · written before 100 · The Didache, Chapter 4patristic
Hebrews 13:7
“Remember them which have the rule over you,.... Christ's church is a kingdom, and he is King in it; pastors of churches are subordinate governors; who rule well when they rule not in an arbitrary way, according to their own wills, but according to the laws of Christ, with all faithfulness, prudence, and diligence.”
Hebrews 13:7
“Remember--so as to imitate: not to invoke in prayer, as Rome teaches. have the rule--rather, "who have had the rule over you": your spiritual leaders. who--Greek, "the which": such persons as. have spoken unto you--"spake" (so the Greek aorist means) during their lifetime.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
the same yesterday and today and forever: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown note that the full name marks both his person and his office. Yesterday he suffered and died, and today he reigns in glory, as at Revelation 1:18, yet he remains one and the same. John Wesley extends the sameness to his gospel.
Hebrews 13:8
“Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, and today, and for ever. Who is the substance of the word spoken by the above mentioned rulers, the author and object of their faith, and the end in which their conversation terminated.”
2 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:8
“Jesus Christ the same yesterday - In all past times there was no way to the holiest but through the blood of Jesus, either actually shed, or significantly typified. To-day - he is the lamb newly slain, and continues to appear in the presence of God for us. For ever - to the conclusion of time, he will be the way, the truth, and the life, none coming to the Father but through him; and throughout eternity, εις τους αιωνας, it will appear that all glorified human spirits owe their salvation to his infinite merit.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Hebrews 13:8
“IT IS WELL that there is one person who is the same. It is well that there is one stable rock amidst the changing billows of this sea of life; for how many and how grievous have been the changes of this year? How many of you who commenced in affluence, have by the panic, which has shaken nations, been reduced almost to poverty?”
Hebrews 13:9-10
all kinds of strange teachings: The drift the letter fights is named a last time, all kinds of strange teachings, and the example is food laws. The heart is to be strengthened by grace. We have an altar from which those who serve at the tabernacle have no right to eat.
Hebrews 13:9
“Be not carried about with various doctrines - Which differ from that one faith in our one unchangeable Lord. Strange - To the ears and hearts of all that abide in him. For it is good - It is both honourable before God and pleasant and profitable That the heart be stablished with grace - Springing from faith in Christ.”
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical
2 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:9
“Be not carried about with divers and strange doctrines - That is, they should have settled and fixed points of belief, and not yield to every new opinion which was started.”
Hebrews 13:9
“Christ's body offered once for all for us, is our true spiritual "meat" to "eat" (Heb 13:10), "the stay and the staff of bread" (Isa 3:1), the mean of all "grace." which have not profited--Greek, "in which they who walked were not profited"; namely, in respect to justification, perfect cleansing of the conscience, and sanctification.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
We have an altar: The verse makes two claims, We have an altar, and those who serve at the tabernacle have no right to eat from it. Verses 11 to 14 develop the exclusion, and verses 15 and 16 name the sacrifices offered at this altar.
Hebrews 13:10
“We have an altar - The altar is here put for the sacrifice on the altar; the Christian altar is the Christian sacrifice, which is Christ Jesus, with all the benefits of his passion and death. To these privileges they had no right who continued to offer the Levitical sacrifices, and to trust in them for remission of sins.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
Hebrews 13:10
“Our meat, which we by faith spiritually eat, is the flesh of Christ, in contrast to the typical ceremonial meats. The two cannot be combined (Ga 5:2). That not a literal eating of the sacrifice of Christ is meant in the Lord's Supper, but a spiritual is meant, appears from comparing Heb 13:9 with Heb 13:10, "with GRACE, NOT with MEATS." 11, 12.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
ConnectionsExodus 27:1
Hebrews 13:11-14
burned outside the camp: Under Leviticus 16:27 the bodies are burned outside the camp, and Jesus suffered outside the city gate, to sanctify the people by His own blood. The readers are called to go to Him outside the camp, bearing the disgrace He bore, seeking the city that is to come.
Hebrews 13:11
"Christ, our paschal lamb, has been sacrificed," as the apostle says. Offering himself to the Father as a new and real sacrifice of reconciliation, he was crucified—not in the temple whose due worship is now completed, nor within the enclosure of the city which was to be destroyed because of its crime, but "outside the camp." That way, as the mystery of the ancient sacrifices was ceasing, a new victim would be put on a new altar, and the cross of Christ would be the altar not of the temple, but of the world.
Leo the Great · written before 461 · SERMON 59.5patristic
1 more voice on this verse
Hebrews 13:11
“For the bodies of those beasts ... - The word rendered here “for” - γὰρ gar - would be here more properly rendered “moreover.” Stuart. The apostle is not urging a reason for what he had said in the previous verse, but is suggesting a new consideration to excite those whom he addressed to fidelity and perseverance. In the previous verse the consideration was, that Christians are permitted to partake of the benefits of a higher and more perfect sacrifice than the Jews were, and therefore should not relapse into that religion.”
outside the city gate: John Wesley reads sanctify as reconcile and consecrate to God, and sees Jerusalem standing where the camp of Israel once stood. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown liken the suffering of the cross to the fire that consumed the sin offering. His blood was carried into the heavenly sanctuary, they add.
Hebrews 13:12
“That he might sanctify the people - That he might consecrate them to God, and make an atonement for their sins, he suffered without the gate at Jerusalem, as the sin-offering was consumed without the camp when the tabernacle abode in the wilderness. Perhaps all this was typical of the abolition of the Jewish sacrifices, and the termination of the whole Levitical system of worship. He left the city, denounced its final destruction, and abandoned it to its fate; and suffered without the gate to bring the Gentiles to God.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:12
“IN one sense, sanctification is wholly the work of the Lord Jesus Christ, but there is another meaning which is more usually affixed to the term, in which sanctification is rightly described as the work of God the Holy Spirit. Many disputes have arisen concerning this Doctrine of God, because all men do not distinguish between the two meanings of the same word. There is one kind of sanctification which signifies setting apart and, in that sense, God's people were sanctified from all eternity.”
Charles Spurgeon · written before 1892 · The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2660: “Suffering Outside the Camp” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition)Particular Baptist
Hebrews 13:12
“The fiery ordeal of His suffering on the cross, answers to the burning of the victims; thereby His mere fleshly life was completely destroyed, as their bodies were; the second part of His offering was His carrying His blood into the heavenly holiest before God at His ascension, that it should be a perpetual atonement for the world's sin.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
outside the camp: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown point to Exodus 33:7, where Moses pitched the tent outside a camp defiled by the golden calf. Bearing the disgrace recalls Simon of Cyrene carrying the cross. John Wesley reads the camp as the Jewish dispensation.
Hebrews 13:13
“Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp - As if we were going forth with him when he was led away to be crucified. He was put to death as a malefactor. He was the object of contempt and scorn. He was held up to derision, and was taunted and reviled on his way to the place of death, and even on the cross.”
1 more voice on this verse
Hebrews 13:13
“MODERN professors have discovered a very easy way of religion. There is a method by which a man may attain to great reputation as a Christian and yet avoid all the trials of the Believer's estate. He may go through the world finding his path as smoothly turfed as the flesh could desire. Blessed with the smiles of friendly formalists and with the admiration of the ungodly, he may pass from his first entrance into the Church to his grave without experiencing so much as a single shower to dampen his happiness.”
a permanent city: John Wesley notes that Jerusalem itself was then on the point of being destroyed. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown add that the fall of the city ended the civil and religious order the readers had clung to. They read it as a type of the passing world.
Hebrews 13:14
“For here have we no continuing city - Here is an elegant and forcible allusion to the approaching destruction of Jerusalem. The Jerusalem that was below was about to be burnt with fire, and erased to the ground; the Jerusalem that was from above was that alone which could be considered to be μενουσαν, permanent. The words seem to say: “Arise, and depart; for this is not your rest: it is polluted:” About seven or eight years after this, Jerusalem was wholly destroyed.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
Hebrews 13:14
“He says to me, "You know that you who are the servants of God dwell in a strange land; for your city is far away from this one. If, then," he continues, "you know your city in which you are to dwell, why do ye here provide lands, and make expensive preparations, and accumulate dwellings and useless buildings? He who makes such preparations for this city cannot return again to his own. Oh foolish, and unstable, and miserable man!”
Shepherd of Hermas · written before 160 · Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude 1patristic
Hebrews 13:15-16
a sacrifice of praise: The priestly people still offer a sacrifice of praise, which carries the todah, the thank offering of the law, into the new covenant. The second sacrifice is to do good and to share with others, and with such sacrifices God is pleased.
Hebrews 13:15
“By him, therefore - The Jews approached God by the blood of the sacrifice and by the ministry of their high priest. The exhortation of the apostle here is founded on the general course of argument in the Epistle “In view of all the considerations presented respecting the Christian High Priest - his dignity, purity, and love; his sacrifice and his intercession, let us persevere in offering through him praise to God.” That is, let us persevere in adherence to our religion. The sacrifice of praise - For all the mercies of redemption.”
3 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:15
Those who have become acquainted with the secondary (i.e., under Christ) constitutions of' the apostles, are aware that the Lord instituted a new oblation in the new covenant, according to [the declaration of] Malachi the prophet. For, "from the rising of the sun even to the setting my name has been glorified among the Gentiles, and in every place incense is offered to my name, and a pure sacrifice;" as John also declares in the Apocalypse: "The incense is the prayers of the saints."
Irenaeus · written before 202 · Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeuspatristic
Hebrews 13:15
“Now what are the sacrifices which we must bring and offer on this altar, even Christ? Not any expiatory sacrifices; there is no need of them. Christ has offered the great sacrifice of atonement, ours are only the sacrifices of acknowledgment; and they are, 1.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Hebrews 13:15
“IT is instructive to notice where this verse stands. The connection is a golden setting to the gem of the text. Here we have a description of the Believer's position before God. He has done with all carnal ordinances and has no interest in the ceremonies of the Mosaic Law. Brethren, as Believers in Jesus, who is the substance of all the outward types, we have, henceforth, nothing to do with altars of gold or of stone—our worship is spiritual and our altar spiritual— "We rear no altar, Christ has died; We deck no priestly shrine." What then?”
do not neglect to do good: The word for sharing means giving a portion of one's means, as at Galatians 6:6. It stands beside the praise of verse 15 as a second sacrifice, and with such sacrifices God is pleased.
Hebrews 13:16
“But to do good and to communicate - These are continual sacrifices which God requires, and which will spring from a sense of God’s love in Christ Jesus. Praise to God for his unspeakable gift, and acts of kindness to men for God’s sake. No reliance, even on the infinitely meritorious sacrifice of Christ, can be acceptable in the sight of God if a man have not love and charity towards his neighbor.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
Hebrews 13:16
“But--But the sacrifice of praise with the lips (Heb 13:15) is not enough; there must be also doing good (beneficence) and communicating (that is, imparting a share of your means, Ga 6:6) to the needy. with such--and not mere ritualistic sacrifices.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Obey Your Leaders and Pray for Us
Hebrews 13:17-19
they watch over your souls: Leaders are to be obeyed on a stated ground, they watch over your souls as those who must give an account. The verb for watch is agrupneo, to keep awake. The writer then asks the readers to pray that I may be restored to you soon.
Hebrews 13:17
“It is the interest of hearers that the account their ministers give of them may be with joy, and not with grief. If faithful ministers be not successful, the grief will be theirs, but the loss will be the people's. Faithful ministers have delivered their own souls, but a fruitless and faithless people's blood and ruin will be upon their own heads.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
2 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:17
“Obey them that have the rule over you - Margin, guide; see notes on Heb 13:7. The reference here is to their religious teachers, and not to civil rulers. They were to show them proper respect, and to submit to their authority in the church, so far as it was administered in accordance with the precepts of the Saviour. The obligation to obedience does not, of course, extend to anything which is wrong in itself, or which would be a violation of conscience.”
Hebrews 13:17
"Obey" your living rulers; nay, more, not only obey in cases where no sacrifice of self is required, and where you are persuaded they are right (so the Greek, for "obey"), but "submit yourselves" as a matter of dutiful yielding, when your judgment and natural will incline you in an opposite direction. they--on their part; so the Greek.
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
a clear conscience: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, who take Paul as the writer, compare Acts 23:1 and 24:16, where he claims a good conscience in the same language. The word for honorably repeats the Greek word behind clear. The plural includes his companions.
Hebrews 13:18
“Pray for us - Even the success of apostles depended, in a certain way, on the prayers of the Church. Few Christian congregations feel, as they ought, that it is their bounden duty to pray for the success of the Gospel, both among themselves and in the world. The Church is weak, dark, poor, and imperfect, because it prays little.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:18
“Many of the Jews had a bad opinion of Paul, because he, being a Hebrew of the Hebrews, had cast off the Levitical law and preached up Christ: now he here modestly asserts his own integrity: We trust we have a good conscience, in all things willing to live honestly.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Hebrews 13:18
“24:16, 20, 21 (wherein he virtually implies that his reply to Ananias was not sinful impatience; for, indeed, it was a prophecy which he was inspired at the moment to utter, and which was fulfilled soon after). we trust--Greek, "we are persuaded," in the oldest manuscripts.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
restored to you soon: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown note that the writer speaks of himself here for the first time in the letter. They read the late and quiet mention as care for Hebrew readers who might be set against him. Philemon 22 carries the same hope.
Hebrews 13:19
“But I beseech you the rather to do this,.... To pray earnestly; to strive together in their prayers for them, Rom 15:30 that I may be restored to you the sooner: Christ's ministers are sometimes hindered from being with their people, through Satan, or his emissaries, creating troubles, or casting them into prison; which might be the apostle's case now; but God can make their way through all; and for this he should be prayed unto.”
2 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:19
“That I may be restored to you the sooner - It is here clearly implied that the writer was deterred from visiting them by some adverse circumstances over which he had no control. This might be either by imprisonment, or sickness, or the want of a convenient opportunity of reaching them. The probability is, judging particularly from the statement in Heb 13:23, that he was then a prisoner, and that his detention was on that account; see Introduction, section 4 (6).”
Hebrews 13:19
“It is here first in the letter he mentions himself, in a way so unobtrusive, as not to prejudice his Hebrew readers against him, which would have been the result had he commenced this as his other Epistles, with authoritatively announcing his name and apostolic commission.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
The God of Peace Make You Perfect
Hebrews 13:20-21
that great Shepherd of the sheep: The benediction names the God of peace, who brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep. This is the letter's only direct mention of His resurrection. Its language echoes Zechariah 9:11 and Isaiah 63:11, and equip translates katartisai, the word for mending.
Hebrews 13:20
“‘Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is well-pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.’’Hebrews 13:20-21. WHAT WE ASK OTHERS to do we should be prepared to do ourselves. Precept fails unless it be followed up by example.”
4 more voices on this verse
Hebrews 13:20
“They are the flock of his pasture, and his care and concern are for them. He feeds them, and leads them, and watches over them. The way and method in which God is reconciled, and Christ raised from the dead: Through the blood of the everlasting covenant.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Hebrews 13:20
“Now the God of peace - We have often seen that peace among the Hebrews signifies prosperity of every kind. The God of peace is the same as the God of all blessedness, who has at his disposal all temporal and eternal good; who loves mankind, and has provided them a complete salvation.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Hebrews 13:20
“The transition is natural from their earthly pastors (Heb 13:17), to the Chief Pastor, as in 1Pe 5:1-4. Compare Eze 34:23 and Jesus' own words, Joh 10:2, 11, 14. through the blood--Greek, "in," in virtue of the blood (Heb 2:9); it was because of His bloody death for us, that the Father raised and crowned Him with glory.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Hebrews 13:20
“The everlasting covenant - The Christian covenant, which is not temporary, like the Jewish, but designed to remain for ever. By the application of that blood, by which this covenant was established, may he make you, in every respect, inwardly and outwardly holy!”
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical
equip you with every good thing: Matthew Henry distinguishes a perfection of integrity now, a clean heart and resolved will, from a perfection of degrees that fits the saints for heaven. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown add that whatever good a believer does is God working in him. John Wesley prays for holiness inward and outward.
Hebrews 13:21
“Observe, [1.] There is no good thing wrought in us but it is the work of God; he works in us, before we are fit for any good work. [2.] No good thing is wrought in us by God, but through Jesus Christ, for his sake and by his Spirit. And therefore, [3.] Eternal glory is due to him, who is the cause of all the good principles wrought in us and all the good works done by us.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Hebrews 13:22-25
bear with my word of exhortation: The writer calls the letter my word of exhortation, the phrase Acts 13:15 uses for a synagogue sermon. Timothy has been released, and a joint visit ties the writer to the circle of Paul. Those from Italy may mean the writer was in Italy or with Italians abroad.
Hebrews 13:22
“Suffer the word of exhortation - Addressed to you in this letter, which, though longer than my usual letters, is yet contained in few words, considering the copiousness of the subject.”
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
Hebrews 13:22
“And I beseech you, brethren,.... The apostle closes his epistle to the Hebrews in a very tender and affectionate manner, calling them "brethren", as he often does; and speaking to them, not in an authoritative way, nor by way of advice, but by entreaty: the reason may be, because he was the apostle of the Gentiles, and because the Jews were not so well pleased with him, on account of his preaching down the ceremonies of the law; though such language is used by him in other epistles; he became all things to all, that he might gain some.”
our brother Timothy has been released: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown take released as freed from prison, and record another reading, sent away on a mission, as promised at Philippians 2:19. Matthew Henry counts the imprisonment of a faithful minister an honour to him. His release is joy to the people.
Hebrews 13:23
“The imprisonment of faithful ministers is an honour to them, and their enlargement is matter of joy to the people. He was pleased with the hopes of not only seeing Timothy, but seeing the Hebrews with him. Opportunities of writing to the churches of Christ are desired by the faithful ministers of Christ, and pleasant to them.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Greet all your leaders: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown observe that this letter names its leaders three times, at verses 7, 17 and 24. They read the word all as addressing the whole church, whose members lived in more than one place. They take Italy to include believers beyond Rome.
Hebrews 13:24
“Salute all them that have the rule over you - Salute all your leaders or guides, τους ἡγουμενους ὑμων. See on Heb 13:7 (note) and Heb 13:17 (note). And all the saints - All the Christians; for this is the general meaning of the term in most parts of St. Paul’s writings.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Grace be with all of you: Jamieson, Fausset and Brown call this closing the badge of Paul, found in every one of his other thirteen letters, as 2 Thessalonians 3:17 says. No other apostle used it in his lifetime, they add. John Wesley also calls it the usual benediction of Paul.
How this psalm is built
The form: A recommendation of several excellent duties as the fruits of faith, followed by a request for prayer, a prayer for them, news of Timothy and the closing salutation and benediction, as Henry classes it.
The patterns in this chapter
| Device | What it does | Where to see it |
|---|---|---|
| Outside, three times | The word outside stands in verses 11, 12 and 13 of the Berean text. The bodies of the sacrifices were burned outside the camp, Jesus suffered outside the city gate, and believers are called to go to Him outside the camp. Theophylact of Ohrid reads the call as leaving the world and bearing the same reproach He bore.Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Hebrews, on Hebrews 13:13. | Hebrews 13:11, Hebrews 13:12, Hebrews 13:13 |
| The sacrifices that remain | The word sacrifice stands in verses 11, 15 and 16. At verse 11 it is the animal offered by the high priest. At verses 15 and 16 it is the praise of lips that confess His name and the good done and shared with others. Charles Spurgeon notes that the believer, having done with the ceremonies of the law, is left with a life-long occupation of praise.Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon 2048, "A Life-Long Occupation", on Hebrews 13:15. | Hebrews 13:11, Hebrews 13:15, Hebrews 13:16 |
| The leaders named three times | The community's leaders are named at verses 7, 17 and 24. At verse 7 they are the leaders who spoke the word and whose outcome is to be remembered. At verse 17 they are leaders to be obeyed, who watch over souls. At verse 24 they are greeted. Theodore of Mopsuestia reads the leaders of verse 7 as those who had proclaimed the word and were killed, such as Stephen and James.Theodore of Mopsuestia, Fragments on the Epistle to the Hebrews 13.7. | Hebrews 13:7, Hebrews 13:17, Hebrews 13:24 |
| Promises from the Law and the Psalms | Verse 5 gives God's promise never to leave or forsake, which Jamieson, Fausset and Brown trace to Deuteronomy 31:6 and 8 and Joshua 1:5. Verse 6 answers with the believer's confession from Psalm 118:6, which Thomas Aquinas cites by the Latin numbering as Psalm 117. God's word is spoken first and the believer's reply follows.Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory, on Hebrews 13:5. | Hebrews 13:5, Hebrews 13:6 |
Where the chapter stands in the letter
7 more paragraphs on the patterns
Verses 1 to 6 set out duties of love, purity and contentment. Verses 7 to 17 turn to leaders, sound teaching and the believer's altar, and they bring the sermon's teaching on sacrifice to a close. Verses 18 to 25 carry the writer's request for prayer, his blessing and his greetings. Matthew Henry reads verses 1 to 17 as the fruits of faith and verses 18 to 25 as the letter's close (Complete Commentary, on Hebrews 13).
Who speaks
The writer speaks throughout, and in verses 18 to 23 he speaks for the first time of himself and his plans. God speaks in the promise quoted at verse 5, and the believer answers in the words of the psalm at verse 6.
The debated reading: the altar of verse 10
Verse 10 says believers have an altar from which those who serve at the tabernacle have no right to eat. Leo the Great reads the altar through the sacrifice of Christ, who was crucified outside the camp as a new and real sacrifice of reconciliation (Sermon 59.5). Irenaeus of Lyons speaks of the new oblation the Lord instituted in the new covenant, as Malachi foretold (Fragments from the Lost Writings, on verse 15). Charles Spurgeon holds that believers have nothing to do with altars of gold or of stone, for their worship and their altar are spiritual (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon 2048, on verse 15).
What the chapter hands forward
The chapter ends the letter. Its great Shepherd of the sheep at verse 20 stands beside the Good Shepherd of John 10 and the Chief Shepherd of 1 Peter 5:4, and its blood of the eternal covenant gathers up the teaching of chapters 8 to 10.
Keep studying
Studies32
- Alpha and Omega
- Azazel and the Scapegoat
- The General Epistles
- Contentment
- You Shall Not Covet
- Be Strong and Courageous
Show the next 6 titles
- The Fall Feasts
- Barnabas, a Good Man
- Enter His Gates with Thanksgiving
- Now Thank We All Our God
- Entertaining Angels Unaware
- See How They Love One Another
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People and groups1
Sources for this chapter
The summary
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
The form and classifications
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament, on Hebrews 13:22 and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary, on Hebrews 13, the chapter summary.
The exposition
Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament; John Owen, An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews; John Wesley; Matthew Henry and Sir Robert Anderson, Types in Hebrews.
