
Tichnor Brothers, Angelus Temple, Los Angeles, Calif., 1930 to 1945. Public domain.
1922 to today · The churches · Featured Study
The Foursquare Church
A Pentecostal church from Los Angeles that names Jesus Savior, Baptizer, Healer and Coming King.
In Melbourne McPherson preached in Wirth's Olympia, a hall built for a circus and more often used for dancing.
Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.
- Began
- January 1923, at Angelus Temple, as the church dates it
- Bodies
- The Foursquare Church
In Melbourne McPherson preached in Wirth's Olympia, a hall built for a circus and more often used for dancing.
Summary
Aimee Semple McPherson preached a fourfold gospel of Jesus across America and Australia, and her church grew from those campaigns. Its own history and its Declaration of Faith tell what it holds, and the press of 1926 tells its hardest year.
- Her book of 1923 reprints her campaign reports and the testimonials of ministers who heard her.
- Its Declaration of Faith expects the Spirit to come as He came in Acts.
- In 1926 she vanished from a beach, and the charges that followed were dismissed in 1927.
The Texts of the Foursquare Gospel
The texts come from Acts 2, Acts 10, Acts 19 and James 5.
The church's Declaration of Faith, compiled by McPherson, cites the outpourings of Acts for its article on the Holy Spirit. Its own belief page sets Hebrews 13:8 at its head.
The Spirit poured out
And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them.
Article X of the Declaration cites the first Pentecost among its texts.
Acts 2:4BSB
While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all who heard his message. All the circumcised believers who had accompanied Peter were astounded that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles. For they heard them speaking in tongues and exalting God. Then Peter said,
Article X cites the outpouring at Caesarea, where Gentiles received the Spirit.
And when Paul laid his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied.
At Ephesus the disciples spoke in tongues and prophesied, the third outpouring Article X names.
Acts 19:6BSB
The Great Physician
Is any one of you sick? He should call the elders of the church to pray over him and anoint him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer offered in faith will restore the one who is sick. The Lord will raise him up. If he has sinned, he will be forgiven.
The fourfold gospel names Jesus the Great Physician, and James gives the church's practice of prayer for the sick.
James 5:14 to 15
The Foursquare Branch of the Pentecostal Family
The branch runs from the Bible school at Topeka in 1901 to the church's charter of 1927.
The Foursquare Church grew from the Pentecostal revival of 1901 and 1906 through McPherson's campaigns.
1901
- The Bible school at Topeka
- Parham's company of students
1906
- The Azusa Street mission
- The Apostolic Faith paper
1922
- The ministers' conference at Oakland
- The Four-Square Gospel Association
1923
- Angelus Temple
- The Bible institute
1927
- The church incorporated
Each generation is dated by the movement's own paper, McPherson's book of 1923 or the church's own history.
The other families of the churches stand together with the dates on which each began.
How the Church Began, From Oakland to Angelus Temple
McPherson's own report, the ministers who hosted her, and the church's history.
McPherson's book This Is That, published at Los Angeles in 1923, reprints her reports from The Bridal Call, the paper she edited. Its chapter Under the Big Top tells of her tent campaign at Oakland.
A letter from an Oakland pastor printed in the same book is dated 3 August 1922. Its writer had wanted her to come to Oakland for several years, so he wrote as one of her hosts.
Her report says that a ministerial conference met in the campaign's last week. There the “Four-Square Gospel Association” was organized “for the purpose of banding together ministers and laymen of various Evangelical churches in fellowship and co-operation to further the cause of Evangelism throughout the land.”
The report adds that more than a thousand people signed the Association's statement of doctrine on its first day.
The church's own history dates the opening of Angelus Temple in Los Angeles to January 1923.
The Truth It Preaches: Jesus in Four Offices
A Melbourne minister's report of her message, printed in her own book.
B. W. Huntsman, a minister of the Brighton Church of Christ in Melbourne, wrote one of the testimonials McPherson printed in This Is That. He wrote that she came to tell the “four-square” gospel of Jesus the Savior, Jesus the Baptizer with the Holy Spirit, Jesus the Great Physician and Jesus the Coming King.
Huntsman recalled her opening sentence. “Now,” she said, “I want to introduce Jesus.” He wrote that this became the keynote of the campaign.
Its Statement of Faith
The Declaration of Faith that McPherson compiled, as the church prints it in 2023.
The Declaration confesses the Father, Son and Holy Spirit as “three, equal in every divine perfection.”
Its article X expects believers to receive the Holy Spirit “after the same manner” as in Acts, and it does not use the words “initial evidence.”
The Assemblies of God's statement of 1916, by contrast, calls speaking in tongues the “initial sign” of the baptism in the Holy Spirit.
The Church in Its Own Record
What the church's history page records of its school and its charter.
The church's history page dates the Bible institute to February 1923, founded “to train men and women alike.”
The same page dates the first steps to incorporate the church to December 1927, and it gives the church's worldwide membership without the year of the count.
Where the Foursquare Gospel Went
Oakland, Melbourne and Los Angeles, each with its witness.
McPherson's message reached California and Australia before her temple opened in Los Angeles.
| Place | When | The witness |
|---|---|---|
| Oakland, California | 1922 | The tent campaign in This Is That, with a host's letter of 3 August 1922 |
| Melbourne, Australia | Before 1923 | Letters from Australian ministers, printed in her book of 1923 |
| Los Angeles, California | January 1923 | The church's history page, for Angelus Temple |
The Disappearance of 1926 and the Dropped Charges
The press of 1926 and 1927 and a historian's verdict of 2017.
On 18 May 1926 McPherson disappeared while swimming near Los Angeles. The Washington Times of 23 June reported her mother's word that she was alive at Agua Prieta in Mexico, and that Captain A. L. Slayton had spoken with her by telephone at Douglas.
She said she had been kidnapped, and Matthew Avery Sutton, her biographer at Harvard University Press in 2007, says she never changed that account. In a 2017 interview he described two grand juries, the second of which concluded that she should stand trial.
On 10 January 1927, the United Press reported, a Los Angeles court dismissed the charges of conspiracy to obstruct justice against McPherson, her mother and Kenneth Ormiston, the temple's former radio operator. The district attorney asked for the dismissal after his chief witness was found to have given perjured testimony, so no trial was held.
Sutton notes that no prosecutor or newspaper found evidence that conclusively linked her with Ormiston that spring. He also says, “I am confident based on the circumstantial evidence that she was in Carmel with Ormiston.”
Books to Read Next
This Is That
Aimee Semple McPherson · 1923
It gathers her personal experiences, sermons and writings, as its title says.
Free at the Internet ArchiveAimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America
Matthew Avery Sutton · 2007
Sutton's life of McPherson, published by Harvard University Press.
In print: find it wherever books are sold.
What the Foursquare Church Handed On
McPherson's church handed on the gospel she preached at Oakland and Melbourne. The dismissed charges of 1927 and her biographer's doubt stand beside her temple in the church's story.
Sources
Scripture is the Berean Standard Bible.
- The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible (read 2026)
- Aimee Semple McPherson, This Is That: Personal Experiences, Sermons and Writings (Los Angeles: Echo Park Evangelistic Association, 1923), chapter Under the Big Top, page 462, and What Australian Ministers Say, pages 491 to 493.
- The Foursquare Church, History (read 2026)
- The Foursquare Church, Declaration of Faith, compiled by Aimee Semple McPherson (PDF, 2023), articles II and X.
- Assemblies of God, General Council Minutes 1916, Statement of Fundamental Truths, article 6, pages 10 to 13.
- The Apostolic Faith (Los Angeles), volume 1, numbers 1 and 2 (September and October 1906)
- The Washington Times (Washington, D.C.), 23 June 1926, page 1.
- Lincoln Quarberg, United Press, in the Imperial Valley Press (El Centro, California), 10 January 1927, page 1.
- Matthew Avery Sutton, interviewed by Justin Taylor, On This Day in 1926: The Scandalous Disappearance of Preacher Aimee Semple McPherson, The Gospel Coalition (18 May 2017)
- John C. Peterson, New Order of the Latter Rain, World Religions and Spirituality Project (10 January 2014)
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