Genesis37chapter 37

Rashi opens the chapter on the question of why Esau's line was told briefly and Jacob's at length, and answers that Scripture passes over the settlements of the one and follows the other into every trouble that befell it (Rashi on Genesis 37:1:1 and 37:2:1, the Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A. M. Silbermann, 1929 to 1934, public domain). Through the rest of the chapter he reads the brothers as men who are hard but not false. Of their inability to speak peaceably he says, "from what is stated to their discredit we may infer something to their credit", because they at least did not say one thing while meaning another (Rashi on Genesis 37:4:1). He notes the scribal dots over a word in the twelfth verse "to denote that they went only to feed themselves", on Genesis Rabbah 84:13 (Rashi on Genesis 37:12:1), and reads Joseph's answer to his father as obedience against his own interest: "An expression denoting humility and readiness: he was zealous to perform his father's bidding, although he was aware that his brothers hated him" (Rashi on Genesis 37:13:1). The man who finds Joseph wandering he identifies from Daniel, "This was the angel Gabriel", on Genesis Rabbah 84:14 and Midrash Tanchuma, Vayeshev 2:3 (Rashi on Genesis 37:15:1), and the report that the brothers had gone from that place he reads twice over, the second time as a comment on them: "they have departed from all feeling of brotherhood" (Rashi on Genesis 37:17:1). Reuben's plan he defends out of Scripture itself, "The Holy Spirit (Scripture) bears witness for Reuben that he said this only for the purpose of saving his brother" (Rashi on Genesis 37:22:1). Radak reads the dreams as plain and Joseph's telling of them as unwise. On the second dream he says the meaning is clear, "Sun and moon refer to Joseph's parents, whereas the stars refer to his brothers", counting eleven stars against eleven brothers (Radak on Genesis 37:9:1, translated by Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash, CC-BY), and on the first he holds that Joseph wanted his brothers to feel their own jealousy (Radak on Genesis 37:5:1). Sforno reads the brothers' name for Joseph as an accusation of motive, "They meant that Joseph had wanted them to commit a sin as a result of their anger" (Sforno on Genesis 37:19:1, Munk translation, CC-BY). One further comment of Sforno at 37:6:1 and one of Ibn Ezra at 37:16:1 stand without English in the corpus, so both are citations.