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Scripture: The text alone. Study: The verses explained. Original: The Hebrew and Greek, and the tradition.

Psalm 22

31 verses · BSBPsalms book hub →

Original Language

Psalms 22— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition

How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.

Psalms 22:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible

אַל־ʾal-may notH408תִּרְחַ֣קtirchakyou be farH7368מִ֭מֶּנִּיmimenifrom meH4480כִּי־ki-forH3588צָרָ֣הtzarahtroubleH6869קְרוֹבָ֑הkerovah[is] nearH7138כִּי־ki-forH3588אֵ֥יןʾeinthere notH369עוֹזֵֽר׃ozer[is] a helperH5826

Rashi on Psalms 22:11

RashiFrance, 1040–1105· Commentary
Upon You, I was cast from birth I was cast from birth since You took me out of the womb, as Scripture states (in Isa.:3): “who are carried from birth.” From the time the tribes were born, He carried them and led them.

Read it in full at Sefaria · The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

Psalms 22:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible

סְ֭בָבוּנִיsevavunithey have surrounded meH5437פָּרִ֣יםparimbullsH6499רַבִּ֑יםrabimmanyH7227אַבִּירֵ֖יʾabireimighty [bulls] ofH47בָשָׁ֣ןvashanBashanH1316כִּתְּרֽוּנִי׃kiterunithey have encircled meH3803

Radak on Psalms 22:12

RadakProvence, 1160–1235· Commentary
Be not far from me: – Now also in exile be not far from me; since Thou hast been nigh me from my mother's womb as I grew up, be not far from me in the time of my trouble;

Read it in full at Sefaria · R. David Kimhi on the first book of Psalms, Translated by R.G. Finch, London, 1919

Psalms 22:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible

Note on the text · Psalm 22:16

One Hebrew letter separates "they pierced" from "like a lion." The Greek Old Testament read "pierced" centuries before the crucifixion, and a scroll fragment supports it, but the medieval Hebrew reads "lion," and the case deserves to be heard at full strength.

The witnesses, and what each reads here
  • The Greek Old Testament (Septuagint) · translated in the last centuries BCA verb, "they dug my hands and my feet".
  • A Psalms fragment from Nahal Hever · about the early 2nd century ADA form of the word ending in the letter that gives the verbal reading rather than "lion", the earliest Hebrew evidence we have at this point.
  • The Syriac and Latin versions · 2nd century AD onward"Pierced", ancient translations agreeing with the Greek.
  • The Masoretic Hebrew text · the Leningrad Codex, AD 1008*ka'ari*, "like a lion", giving "like a lion, my hands and my feet", a phrase with no verb in it.
What the manuscripts read here →
כִּ֥יkiforH3588סְבָב֗וּנִיsevavunithey have surrounded meH5437כְּלָ֫בִ֥יםkelavimdogsH3611עֲדַ֣תʾadata company ofH5712מְ֭רֵעִיםmereimevil-doersH7489הִקִּיפ֑וּנִיhikifunithey have encircled meH5362כָּ֝אֲרִ֗יkaarilike a lionH738יָדַ֥יyadaihands myH3027וְרַגְלָֽי׃veraglaiand feet myH7272
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