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Hebrew noun (feminine) · H2781

חֶרְפָּה

cherpahkher-paw'

reproach

73 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key

Concordance spelling: cherpâh

Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H2781is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.

  • 17 of 39
    Old Testament books
  • 50
    spellings

The definition in full

Strong's key (1890) · H2781

contumely, disgrace, the pudenda

The King James renders it: rebuke, reproach(-fully), shame.

James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.

Summary

cherpah is rendered "reproach". It stands 73 times in the Hebrew text, across seventeen books.

  • Twenty of the uses stand in Psalms, more than in any other book.
  • Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Genesis 30:23and she conceived and gave birth to a son. “God has taken away my shame,” she said.
  • The Greek text spells it fifty different ways.

The first use

and she conceived and gave birth to a son. “God has taken away my shame,” she said.

Genesis 30:23חֶרְפָּתִֽי׃

The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.

Where the word stands

Twenty of the word's seventy-three uses are in Psalms.

The other 22 Old Testament books never use the word.

What the word means

Each meaning, and the words it is translated by

How the Greek text is glossed, word by word

  • a reproach11
  • reproach8
  • reproach of7
  • into a reproach6
  • and into a reproach5
  • a reproach of4
  • and reproach of4
  • reproach my4
  • reproach their4
  • and reproach his2
  • disgrace my2
  • reproach our2

and 12 more, 73 uses in all

The words built on the same word-part

Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.

חֶרְמֵשׁchermeshsickleUses2

The words it stands beside

All 73, in canonical order

Every use, in order

Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.

50 spellings and their grammar

STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.

How it is spelled

  • חֶרְפַּ֥ת6
  • חֶרְפַּ֣ת5
  • וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔ה4
  • חֶרְפָּֽה׃4
  • וְחֶרְפַּ֥ת3
  • חֶ֭רְפָּה3
  • חֶרְפָּ֖ה3
  • חֶרְפָּ֣ה2
  • לְחֶרְפָּ֖ה2
  • בְּ֭חֶרְפָּה1
  • בְּחֶרְפָּֽה׃ ס1
  • וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑ה1

and 38 more spellings in the ledger below.

The grammar of each form

  • noun · feminine singular20HNcfsa
  • noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)11HNcfsc
  • preposition + noun · feminine singular9HR/Ncfsa
  • conjunction (“and”) + preposition + noun · feminine singular6HC/R/Ncfsa
  • noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singular6HNcfsc/Sp1bs
  • conjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)4HC/Ncfsc
  • noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine plural4HNcfsc/Sp3mp
  • conjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singular2HC/Ncfsc/Sp3ms
  • noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine plural2HNcfsc/Sp1bp
  • noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singular2HNcfsc/Sp3ms
  • preposition + noun · feminine plural2HR/Ncfpa
  • conjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine plural · in construct (“…of”)1HC/Ncfpc

Genesis

two uses
  • and she conceived and gave birth to a son. “God has taken away my shame,” she said.

    Genesis 30:23

    • חֶרְפָּתִֽי׃cherpatinoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: reproach my
  • “We cannot do such a thing,” they said. “To give our sister to an uncircumcised man would be a disgrace to us.

    Genesis 34:14

    • חֶרְפָּ֥הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach

Joshua

one use
  • Then the LORD said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” So that place has been called Gilgal to this day.

    Joshua 5:9

    • חֶרְפַּ֥תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: reproach of

1 Samuel

three uses
  • But Nahash the Ammonite replied, “I will make a treaty with you on one condition, that I may put out everyone’s right eye and bring reproach upon all Israel.”

    1 Samuel 11:2

    • חֶרְפָּ֖הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • David asked the men who were standing with him, “What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel? Just who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?”

    1 Samuel 17:26

    • חֶרְפָּ֖הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach
  • On hearing that Nabal was dead, David said, “Blessed be the LORD, who has upheld my cause against the reproach of Nabal and has restrained His servant from evil. For the LORD has brought the wickedness of Nabal down upon his own head.” Then David sent word to Abigail, asking for her in marriage.

    1 Samuel 25:39

    • חֶרְפָּתִ֜יcherpatinoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: disgrace my

2 Samuel

one use
  • Where could I ever take my shame? And you would be like one of the fools in Israel! Please speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from you.”

    2 Samuel 13:13

    • חֶרְפָּתִ֔יcherpatinoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: reproach my

Nehemiah

four uses
  • And they told me, “The remnant who survived the exile are there in the province, in great trouble and disgrace. The wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates are burned with fire.”

    Nehemiah 1:3

    • וּבְחֶרְפָּ֑הuvecherpahconjunction (“and”) + preposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: and in disgrace
  • Then I said to them, “You see the trouble we are in. Jerusalem lies in ruins, and its gates have been burned down. Come, let us rebuild the wall of Jerusalem, so that we will no longer be a disgrace.”

    Nehemiah 2:17

    • חֶרְפָּֽה׃cherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • Hear us, O God, for we are despised. Turn their scorn back upon their own heads, and let them be taken as plunder to a land of captivity.

    Nehemiah 4:4

    • חֶרְפָּתָ֖םcherpatamnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: reproach their
  • So I continued, “What you are doing is not right. Shouldn’t you walk in the fear of our God to avoid the reproach of our foreign enemies?

    Nehemiah 5:9

    • מֵחֶרְפַּ֖תmecherpatpreposition + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: from reproach of

Job

two uses
  • They open their mouths against me and strike my cheeks with contempt; they join together against me.

    Job 16:10

    • בְּ֭חֶרְפָּהbecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: in scorn
  • If indeed you would exalt yourselves above me and use my disgrace against me,

    Job 19:5

    • חֶרְפָּתִּֽי׃cherpatinoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: disgrace my

Psalms

twenty uses
  • who has no slander on his tongue, who does no harm to his neighbor, who casts no scorn on his friend,

    Psalms 15:3

    • וְ֝חֶרְפָּ֗הvecherpahconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singulartagged: and reproach
  • But I am a worm and not a man, scorned by men and despised by the people.

    Psalms 22:6

    • חֶרְפַּ֥תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: a reproach of
  • Among all my enemies I am a disgrace, and among my neighbors even more. I am dreaded by my friends— they flee when they see me on the street.

    Psalms 31:11

    • חֶרְפָּ֡הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • Deliver me from all my transgressions; do not make me the reproach of fools.

    Psalms 39:8

    • חֶרְפַּ֥תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: a reproach of
  • You have made us a reproach to our neighbors, a mockery and derision to those around us.

    Psalms 44:13

    • חֶ֭רְפָּהcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • For I have endured scorn for Your sake, and shame has covered my face.

    Psalms 69:7

    • חֶרְפָּ֑הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach
  • because zeal for Your house has consumed me, and the insults of those who insult You have fallen on me.

    Psalms 69:9

    • וְחֶרְפּ֥וֹתvecherpotconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and reproaches of
  • I wept and fasted, but it brought me reproach.

    Psalms 69:10

    • לַחֲרָפ֣וֹתlacharafotpreposition + noun · feminine pluraltagged: into reproaches
  • You know my reproach, my shame and disgrace. All my adversaries are before You.

    Psalms 69:19

    • חֶרְפָּתִ֣יcherpatinoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: reproach my
  • Insults have broken my heart, and I am in despair. I looked for sympathy, but there was none, for comforters, but I found no one.

    Psalms 69:20

    • חֶרְפָּ֤ה׀cherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach
  • May the accusers of my soul be ashamed and consumed; may those who seek my harm be covered with scorn and disgrace.

    Psalms 71:13

    • חֶ֭רְפָּהcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach
  • Rise up, O God; defend Your cause! Remember how the fool mocks You all day long.

    Psalms 74:22

    • חֶרְפָּתְךָ֥cherpatekhanoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: reproach your
  • He beat back His foes; He put them to everlasting shame.

    Psalms 78:66

    • חֶרְפַּ֥תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: a reproach of
  • We have become a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and derision to those around us.

    Psalms 79:4

    • חֶ֭רְפָּהcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • Pay back into the laps of our neighbors sevenfold the reproach they hurled at You, O Lord.

    Psalms 79:12

    • חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤םcherpatamnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: reproach their
  • All who pass by plunder him; he has become a reproach to his neighbors.

    Psalms 89:41

    • חֶ֝רְפָּ֗הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • Remember, O Lord, the reproach of Your servants, which I bear in my heart from so many people—

    Psalms 89:50

    • חֶרְפַּ֣תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: reproach of
  • I am an object of scorn to my accusers; when they see me, they shake their heads.

    Psalms 109:25

    • חֶרְפָּ֣הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • Remove my scorn and contempt, for I have kept Your testimonies.

    Psalms 119:22

    • חֶרְפָּ֣הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach
  • Turn away the disgrace I dread, for Your judgments are good.

    Psalms 119:39

    • חֶ֭רְפָּתִיcherpatinoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: reproach my

Proverbs

two uses
  • Wounds and dishonor will befall him, and his reproach will never be wiped away.

    Proverbs 6:33

    • וְ֝חֶרְפָּת֗וֹvecherpatoconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and reproach his
  • With a wicked man comes contempt as well, and shame is accompanied by disgrace.

    Proverbs 18:3

    • חֶרְפָּֽה׃cherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach

Isaiah

six uses
  • In that day seven women will take hold of one man and say, “We will eat our own bread and provide our own clothes. Just let us be called by your name. Take away our disgrace!”

    Isaiah 4:1

    • חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃ סcherpatenunoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine pluraltagged: reproach our
  • He will swallow up death forever. The Lord GOD will wipe away the tears from every face and remove the disgrace of His people from the whole earth. For the LORD has spoken.

    Isaiah 25:8

    • וְחֶרְפַּ֣תvecherpatconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and reproach of
  • everyone will be put to shame because of a people useless to them. They cannot be of help; they are good for nothing but shame and reproach.”

    Isaiah 30:5

    • לְחֶרְפָּֽה׃ סlecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: for reproach
  • Your nakedness will be uncovered and your shame will be exposed. I will take vengeance; I will spare no one.”

    Isaiah 47:3

    • חֶרְפָּתֵ֑ךְcherpatekhnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 2nd person feminine singulartagged: reproach your
  • Listen to Me, you who know what is right, you people with My law in your hearts: Do not fear the scorn of men; do not be broken by their insults.

    Isaiah 51:7

    • חֶרְפַּ֣תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: reproach of
  • Do not be afraid, for you will not be put to shame; do not be intimidated, for you will not be humiliated. For you will forget the shame of your youth and will remember no more the reproach of your widowhood.

    Isaiah 54:4

    • וְחֶרְפַּ֥תvecherpatconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and reproach of

Jeremiah

twelve uses
  • To whom can I give this warning? Who will listen to me? Look, their ears are closed, so they cannot hear. See, the word of the LORD has become offensive to them; they find no pleasure in it.

    Jeremiah 6:10

    • לְחֶרְפָּ֖הlecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: into a reproach
  • You understand, O LORD; remember me and attend to me. Avenge me against my persecutors. In Your patience, do not take me away. Know that I endure reproach for Your honor.

    Jeremiah 15:15

    • חֶרְפָּֽה׃cherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach
  • For whenever I speak, I cry out; I proclaim violence and destruction. For the word of the LORD has become to me a reproach and derision all day long.

    Jeremiah 20:8

    • לְחֶרְפָּ֥הlecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: into a reproach
  • And I will bring upon you everlasting shame and perpetual humiliation that will never be forgotten.”

    Jeremiah 23:40

    • חֶרְפַּ֣תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: a reproach of
  • I will make them a horror and an offense to all the kingdoms of the earth, a disgrace and an object of scorn, ridicule, and cursing wherever I have banished them.

    Jeremiah 24:9

    • לְחֶרְפָּ֤הlecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: into a reproach
  • I will pursue them with sword and famine and plague. I will make them a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth—a curse, a desolation, and an object of scorn and reproach among all the nations to which I banish them.

    Jeremiah 29:18

    • וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔הulecherpahconjunction (“and”) + preposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: and into a reproach
  • After I returned, I repented; and after I was instructed, I struck my thigh in grief. I was ashamed and humiliated because I bore the disgrace of my youth.’

    Jeremiah 31:19

    • חֶרְפַּ֥תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: reproach of
  • For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘Just as My anger and wrath were poured out on the residents of Jerusalem, so will My wrath be poured out on you if you go to Egypt. You will become an object of cursing and horror, of vilification and disgrace, and you will never see this place again.’

    Jeremiah 42:18

    • וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔הulecherpahconjunction (“and”) + preposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: and into a reproach
  • Why are you provoking Me to anger by the work of your hands by burning incense to other gods in the land of Egypt, where you have gone to reside? As a result, you will be cut off and will become an object of cursing and reproach among all the nations of the earth.

    Jeremiah 44:8

    • וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔הulecherpahconjunction (“and”) + preposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: and into a reproach
  • And I will take away the remnant of Judah who have resolved to go to the land of Egypt to reside there; they will meet their end. They will all fall by the sword or be consumed by famine. From the least to the greatest, they will die by sword or famine; and they will become an object of cursing and horror, of vilification and reproach.

    Jeremiah 44:12

    • וּלְחֶרְפָּֽה׃ulecherpahconjunction (“and”) + preposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: and into a reproach
  • For by Myself I have sworn, declares the LORD, that Bozrah will become a desolation, a disgrace, a ruin, and a curse, and all her cities will be in ruins forever.”

    Jeremiah 49:13

    • לְחֶרְפָּ֛הlecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: into a reproach
  • “We are ashamed because we have heard reproach; disgrace has covered our faces, because foreigners have entered the holy places of the LORD’s house.”

    Jeremiah 51:51

    • חֶרְפָּ֔הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: scorn

Lamentations

three uses
  • Let him offer his cheek to the one who would strike him; let him be filled with reproach.

    Lamentations 3:30

    • בְּחֶרְפָּֽה׃ סbecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: with reproach
  • O LORD, You have heard their insults, all their plots against me—

    Lamentations 3:61

    • חֶרְפָּתָם֙cherpatamnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: reproach their
  • Remember, O LORD, what has happened to us. Look and see our disgrace!

    Lamentations 5:1

    • חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃cherpatenunoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine pluraltagged: reproach our

Ezekiel

seven uses
  • I will make you a ruin and a disgrace among the nations around you, in the sight of all who pass by.

    Ezekiel 5:14

    • וּלְחֶרְפָּ֔הulecherpahconjunction (“and”) + preposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: and into a reproach
  • So you will be a reproach and a taunt, a warning and a horror to the nations around you, when I execute judgments against you in anger, wrath, and raging fury. I, the LORD, have spoken.

    Ezekiel 5:15

    • חֶרְפָּ֤הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • before your wickedness was uncovered? Even so, you are now scorned by the daughters of Edom and all those around her, and by the daughters of the Philistines—all those around you who despise you.

    Ezekiel 16:57

    • חֶרְפַּ֣תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: reproach of
  • Now prophesy, son of man, and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says concerning the Ammonites and their contempt: ‘A sword! A sword is drawn for slaughter, polished to consume, to flash like lightning—

    Ezekiel 21:28

    • חֶרְפָּתָ֑םcherpatamnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: reproach their
  • you are guilty of the blood you have shed, and you are defiled by the idols you have made. You have brought your days to a close and have come to the end of your years. Therefore I have made you a reproach to the nations and a mockery to all the lands.

    Ezekiel 22:4

    • חֶרְפָּה֙cherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach
  • I will no longer allow the taunts of the nations to be heard against you, and you will no longer endure the reproach of the peoples or cause your nation to stumble, declares the Lord GOD.”

    Ezekiel 36:15

    • וְחֶרְפַּ֥תvecherpatconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and reproach of
  • I will also make the fruit of the trees and the crops of the field plentiful, so that you will no longer bear reproach among the nations on account of famine.

    Ezekiel 36:30

    • חֶרְפַּ֥תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: reproach of

Daniel

four uses
  • O Lord, in keeping with all Your righteous acts, I pray that Your anger and wrath may turn away from Your city Jerusalem, Your holy mountain; for because of our sins and the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and Your people are a reproach to all around us.

    Daniel 9:16

    • לְחֶרְפָּ֖הlecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: into a reproach
  • Then he will turn his face to the coastlands and capture many of them. But a commander will put an end to his reproach and will turn it back upon him.

    Daniel 11:18

    • חֶרְפָּתוֹ֙cherpatonoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: scorn his
    • חֶרְפָּת֖וֹcherpatonoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: scorn his
  • And many who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to everlasting life, but others to shame and everlasting contempt.

    Daniel 12:2

    • לַחֲרָפ֖וֹתlacharafotpreposition + noun · feminine pluraltagged: to reproaches

Hosea

one use
  • Ephraim has provoked bitter anger, so his Lord will leave his bloodguilt upon him and repay him for his contempt.

    Hosea 12:14

    • וְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹvecherpatoconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and reproach his

Joel

two uses
  • Let the priests who minister before the LORD weep between the portico and the altar, saying, “Spare Your people, O LORD, and do not make Your heritage a reproach, an object of scorn among the nations. Why should they say among the peoples, ‘Where is their God?’”

    Joel 2:17

    • לְחֶרְפָּה֙lecherpahpreposition + noun · feminine singulartagged: into a reproach
  • And the LORD answered His people: “Behold, I will send you grain, new wine, and oil, and by them you will be satisfied. I will never again make you a reproach among the nations.

    Joel 2:19

    • חֶרְפָּ֖הcherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: a reproach

Micah

one use
  • You have kept the statutes of Omri and all the practices of Ahab’s house; you have followed their counsel. Therefore I will make you a desolation, and your inhabitants an object of contempt; you will bear the scorn of the nations.”

    Micah 6:16

    • וְחֶרְפַּ֥תvecherpatconjunction (“and”) + noun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and reproach of

Zephaniah

two uses
  • “I have heard the reproach of Moab and the insults of the Ammonites, who have taunted My people and threatened their borders.

    Zephaniah 2:8

    • חֶרְפַּ֣תcherpatnoun · feminine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: reproach of
  • “I will gather those among you who grieve over the appointed feasts, so that you will no longer suffer reproach.

    Zephaniah 3:18

    • חֶרְפָּֽה׃cherpahnoun · feminine singulartagged: reproach

The letters

Where it leads

How the numbers are counted

Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.

Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.

The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.

The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.

Hebrew and Greek text, word tagging and grammar: STEP Bible (www.STEPBible.org), Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0. Their grammar codes are written out in English here and shown as tagged beside each one.

Meaning and senses: STEP Bible TBESH gloss (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary key: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890, public domain). English verse text: Berean Standard Bible (public domain, 2023).

Revised 2026-09-05. Every cited work, the sources registry →