Genesis 2:10
in Genesis 2Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it branched into four headwaters:
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became four heads.
KJV
And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.
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This verse in Genesis 2
Commentary
16 notes on this verseThis site's exposition
a river flowed out of Eden
on Genesis 2:10-14
Four rivers are named, and two of them, the Hiddekel and the Euphrates, are still on the map. The passage reads as geography, and the writer troubles to say where the gold is pure. Revelation 22:1 sets a river and the tree of life together again, flowing from the throne.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
A commentator
Victorinus of PettauVictorinus On the Creation of the World · Written before 304.
proposed
Now is manifested the reason of the truth why the fourth day is called the Tetras, why we fast even to the ninth hour, or even to the evening, or why there should be a passing over even to the next day. Therefore this world of ours is composed of four elements-fire, water, heaven, earth. These four elements, therefore, form the quaternion of times or seasons. The sun, also, and the moon constitute throughout the space of the year four seasons-of spring, summer, autumn, winter; and these seasons make a quaternion. And to proceed further still from that principle, lo, there are four living creatures before God's throne, four Gospels, four rivers flowing in paradise; four generations of people from Adam to Noah, from Noah to Abraham, from Abraham to Moses, from Moses to Christ the Lord, the Son of God; and four living creatures, viz., a man, a calf, a lion, an eagle; and four rivers, the Pison, the Gihon. the Tigris, and the Euphrates. The man Christ Jesus, the originator of these things whereof we have above spoken, was taken prisoner by wicked hands, by a quaternion of soldiers. Therefore on account of His captivity by a quaternion, on account of the majesty of His works,-that the seasons also, wholesome to humanity, joyful for the harvests, tranquil for the tempests, may roll on,-therefore we make the fourth day a station or a supernumerary fast.
After having spoken of Paradise and the day on which it was planted, as well as the introduction into it of Adam, and the Tree of Life and its companion, Scripture turns to describe the river which goes out from its midst, and how it …
The Church, setting forth the likeness of paradise, includes within her walls fruit-bearing trees, whereof that which does not bring forth good fruit is cut off and is cast into the fire. These trees she waters with four rivers, that is, with the four Gospels, wherewith, by a celestial inundation, she bestows the grace of saving baptism. Can any one water from the Church's fountains who is not within the Church? Can one impart those wholesome and saving draughts of paradise to any one if he is perverted, and of himself condemned, and banished outside the fountains of paradise, and has dried up and failed with the dryness of an eternal thirst?
Perhaps, however, those people who like to talk from their own wisdom do not concede again that these rivers are rivers or these waters really waters but propound some different interpretation to people ready to lend them their ears. Let us, however, I beg you, not be convinced by them but block our ears against them; let us instead place our credence in sacred Scripture and heed what is told us there.
Awful in truth are the Mysteries of the Church, awful in truth is the Altar. A fountain went up out of Paradise sending forth material rivers, from this table springeth up a fountain which sendeth forth rivers spiritual. By the side of this fountain are planted not fruitless willows, but trees reaching even to heaven, bearing fruit ever timely and undecaying. If any be scorched with heat, let him come to the side of this fountain and cool his burning. For it quencheth drought, and comforteth all things that are burnt up, not by the sun, but by the fiery darts. For it hath its beginning from above, and its source is there, whence also its water floweth. Many are the streams of that fountain which the Comforter sendeth forth, and the Son is the Mediator, not holding mattock to clear the way, but opening our minds. This fountain is a fountain of light, spouting forth rays of truth.
10 more voices on this verse
The Church Fathers2 voices
Moses turned to write about the river that flowed out from paradise and that, once outside of it, divided into four distinct sources, saying, "A river flowed out of Eden to water paradise." Here too Moses calls the delightful land of paradise Eden.
Paradise is, therefore, a land of fertility-that is to say, a soul which is fertile-planted in Eden, that is, in a certain delightful or well-tilled land in which the soul finds pleasure. Adam exists there as nous [mind] and Eve as 'sense.' Take note of what this soul of ours has in the nature of defense against natural and weak tendencies or against situations which might be unfavorable to us in our attempts to avoid danger.
The Medieval Church5 voices
Because outside the unity of faith and charity, which makes us children and members of the Church, no one can be saved: therefore, if the Sacraments are received outside her, they are not received unto salvation, although they are true Sacraments; but they can become …
A commentator
BonaventureCollations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 7 · Written in the 13th century.
proposed
The four cardinal virtues are symbolized by the four rivers of paradise, in so far as they are originated by faith. A river stands for the grace of the Holy Spirit poured out into these four virtues: Phison corresponds to temperance, Gehon to prudence, Tigris …
A commentator
BonaventureCollations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11 · Written in the 13th century.
proposed
By means of diffusion, as of brightness out of light, of heat out of fire, of a river out of its headspring, of rain out of a full or humid cloud.
And a river went out of the place of delight to water the paradise. That is, those beautiful and fruitful trees that shaded the whole land of that region, where it is believed to have been made as in this land we inhabit, the Nile …
Then there is the ocean that encircles the entire earth like a sort of river and to which it seems to me that Scripture referred when it said that "a river flowed out of paradise." It has sweet potable water and supplies the seas, but because the water remains stagnant in the seas for a long time it becomes brackish. The sun and the waterspouts are constantly drawing up the less dense water, and from this the clouds are formed and the rain comes, the water becoming sweet by filtration. This ocean is divided into four heads, of four rivers. The name of the first is Pishon; this is the Ganges of India. The name of the second is Gehon; this is the Nile, which comes down from Ethiopia into Egypt. The name of the third is Tigris, and of the fourth, Euphrates.
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
Observe, That which God plants he will take care to keep watered. The trees of righteousness are set by the rivers, Ps. i. In the heavenly paradise there is a river infinitely surpassing these; for it is a river of the water of life, not coming out of Eden, as this, but proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb ( Rev. xxii.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
And a river went out of Eden to water the garden,.... Before man was created, as Aben Ezra observes, this river went out of Eden and watered it on every side; but what river is here meant, is hard to say.
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A river went out of Eden, etc. - It would astonish an ordinary reader, who should be obliged to consult different commentators and critics on the situation of the terrestrial Paradise, to see the vast variety of opinions by which they are divided.
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
Before man was created the river watered the garden on all sides.
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
This is to explain that it is not the Havilah of Egypt, concerning which it is said, And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt, 345 Genesis:18. for this one [referred to here] is in the extreme east.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.
The words behind it
11 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וְנָהָר֙ | venahar | and a river | H5104 → | 119 times |
| יֹצֵ֣א | yotze' | [was] going out | H3318 → | 1067 times |
| מֵעֵ֔דֶן | meeden | from Eden | H5731 → | 16 times |
| לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת | lehashkot | to water | H8248 → | 61 times |
| אֶת־ | ʾet- | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| הַגָּ֑ן | hagan | the garden | H1588 → | 42 times |
| וּמִשָּׁם֙ | umisham | and from there | H8033 → | 834 times |
| יִפָּרֵ֔ד | yipared | <it> divided | H6504 → | 26 times |
| וְהָיָ֖ה | vehayah | and it became | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| לְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה | learbaah | <into> four | H702 → | 318 times |
| רָאשִֽׁים׃ | rashim | heads | H7218 → | 599 times |
וְנָהָר֙and a river
venaharH5104 →119 times
יֹצֵ֣א[was] going out
yotze'H3318 →1067 times
מֵעֵ֔דֶןfrom Eden
meedenH5731 →16 times
לְהַשְׁק֖וֹתto water
lehashkotH8248 →61 times
אֶת־<obj.>
ʾet-H853 →10935 times
הַגָּ֑ןthe garden
haganH1588 →42 times
וּמִשָּׁם֙and from there
umishamH8033 →834 times
יִפָּרֵ֔ד<it> divided
yiparedH6504 →26 times
וְהָיָ֖הand it became
vehayahH1961 →3559 times
לְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה<into> four
learbaahH702 →318 times
רָאשִֽׁים׃heads
rashimH7218 →599 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Revelation 22:1Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb
it leads to
- Psalms 36:8–9
They feast on the abundance of Your house, and You give them drink from Your river of delights.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Revelation 7:17
For the Lamb in the center of the throne will be their shepherd. ‘He will lead them to springs of living water,’ and ‘God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.’”
- John 4:14
But whoever drinks the water I give him will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give him will become in him a fount of water springing up to eternal life.”
- John 7:38–39
Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said: ‘Streams of living water will flow from within him.’”
- John 4:10–11
Jesus answered, “If you knew the gift of God and who is asking you for a drink, you would have asked Him, and He would have given you living water.”
- Psalms 36:8–9
Through
Psalms 46:4There is a river whose streams delight the city of God, the holy place where the Most High dwells.
it leads to
- Revelation 22:1–3
Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb
- Ezekiel 47:1–12
Then the man brought me back to the entrance of the temple, and I saw water flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water…
- Psalms 87:3
Glorious things are ascribed to you, O city of God. Selah
- Revelation 22:1–3
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies39
On this verse
On this chapter
- Adam
- All Scripture Is God-Breathed
- The Numbers of Scripture
- The Covenants
- Creation and Evolution
- Cush in Scripture
Show the next 6 titles
- Diligence
- Divorce: What Jesus Said
- The Edenic Covenant
- The Euphrates
- Eve: The Mother of All Living
- The Words Tov and Agathosyne
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About Genesis

Who and where
1 name in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on 16 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Ambrose of Milan, On Paradise; Bede, Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron); Bonaventure, Breviloquium, Part 6; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 7; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11; Cyprian, Epistle LXXII.10; Ephrem the Syrian, Commentary (church-history corpus); Ephrem the Syrian, COMMENTARY ON GENESIS 2.6; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON GENESIS 13.15-16; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON JOHN 46.4; John Damascene, ORTHODOX FAITH 2.9; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Victorinus of Pettau, Victorinus On the Creation of the World.
