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Scripture: The text alone. Study: The verses explained. Original: The Hebrew and Greek, and the tradition.

Markchapter 16

20 verses · Mark · AD 55 to 65 · The Gospels

Original Language

Mark 16— Greek word study

How to read a word below: the Greekword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Greek does not, angle brackets mark the Greek’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.

He Appears to Mary and to the Eleven9

Mark 16:9· BSB

Early on the first day of the week, after Jesus had risen, He appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom He had driven out seven demons.

Note on the text · Mark 16:9-20

The last twelve verses of Mark are in the great majority of Greek manuscripts and are quoted by Irenaeus around AD 180, and they are missing from the two oldest complete Bibles we have.

The witnesses, and what each reads here
  • Codex Sinaiticus (א) · c. AD 330-360Ends the Gospel at 16:8, with no long ending of any kind.
  • Codex Vaticanus (B) · c. AD 300-350Ends the Gospel at 16:8, and the scribe left the rest of the column, and the column after it, blank before starting Luke. Defenders read that blank space as a scribe who knew an ending existed and left room for it; critics read it as a scribe who knew other copies had something more and deliberately declined to write it. The blank is real; what it means is argued both ways.
  • Codex Alexandrinus (A) · 5th centuryContains the long ending, 16:9-20, without any mark of doubt.
  • Codex Bezae (D) · 5th centuryContains the long ending, in both its Greek and its Latin columns.
  • Old Latin Codex Bobiensis (k) · c. AD 400Has neither the familiar long ending nor a bare stop at 16:8, but a different, shorter ending, a brief paragraph about the women reporting to Peter and Jesus sending out the message of salvation. It is the only witness that gives the shorter ending alone.
  • The Sinaitic Syriac · 4th-5th centuryEnds at 16:8. The passage is absent from this early Syriac translation.
  • Eusebius of Caesarea, in his letter to Marinus · early 4th centuryReports that the accurate copies of his day ended at 16:8, and that the passage was found in some copies but not in most.
  • Jerome, in his letter to Hedibia (Epistle 120) · c. AD 407Says nearly all the Greek copies he knew lacked the passage, though Jerome also included it in his Latin Vulgate, which is worth knowing when weighing what he meant.
  • Later Greek manuscripts that carry the passage but flag it · 9th century onwardA number of copies include 16:9-20 and mark it with asterisks or obeli, the scribal signs for material a copyist knew was questioned. The scribes who wrote it down were not always sure of it.
What the manuscripts read here →

Mark 16:10· BSB

She went and told those who had been with Him, who were mourning and weeping.

Mark 16:11· BSB

And when they heard that Jesus was alive and she had seen Him, they did not believe it.

Mark 16:12· BSB

After this, Jesus appeared in a different form to two of them as they walked along in the country.

Mark 16:13· BSB

And they went back and reported it to the rest, but they did not believe them either.

Mark 16:14· BSB

Later, as they were eating, Jesus appeared to the Eleven and rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they did not believe those who had seen Him after He had risen.

Go into All the World; Received Up15

Mark 16:15· BSB

And He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature.

Mark 16:16· BSB

Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned.

Mark 16:17· BSB

And these signs will accompany those who believe: In My name they will drive out demons; they will speak in new tongues;

Mark 16:18· BSB

they will pick up snakes with their hands, and if they drink any deadly poison, it will not harm them; they will lay their hands on the sick, and they will be made well.”

Mark 16:19· BSB

After the Lord Jesus had spoken to them, He was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God.

Mark 16:20· BSB

And they went out and preached everywhere, and the Lord worked through them, confirming His word by the signs that accompanied it.

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