2 Samuelchapter 23
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Original Language
2 Samuel 23— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
The last words of the sweet psalmist of Israel1
2 Samuel 23:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאֵ֛לֶּהveelehand theseH428דִּבְרֵ֥יdivrei[are] [the] words ofH1697דָוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732הָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑יםhaacharonim<the> lastH314נְאֻ֧םneum[the] utterance ofH5002דָּוִ֣דdavidDavidH1732בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121יִשַׁ֗יyishaiJesseH3448וּנְאֻ֤םuneumand [the] utterance ofH5002הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙hageverthe manH1397הֻ֣קַםhukam[who] he was raised upH6965עָ֔לʾalheightH5920מְשִׁ֙יחַ֙meshiach[the] [one] anointed ofH4899אֱלֹהֵ֣יʾelohei[the] God ofH430יַֽעֲקֹ֔בyaakoJacobH3290וּנְעִ֖יםuneimand [the] pleasant [one] ofH5273זְמִר֥וֹתzemirot[the] songs ofH2158יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃yisraelIsraelH3478
Rashi on II Samuel 23:1
These are Dovid's words. Dovid's last prophecy. What were the first words? The words of the song that were said above. 1 But all the songs and praises that he [Dovid] said are not called "words". 2 The use of the word דִּבְרֵי here denotes prophecy, not songs and praises.
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2 Samuel 23:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אָמַר֙ʾamarhe saidH559אֱלֹהֵ֣יʾelohei[the] God ofH430יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478לִ֥יlito <the> meדִבֶּ֖רdiberhe spokeH1696צ֣וּרtzur[the] rock ofH6697יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478מוֹשֵׁל֙moshel[one who] rulesH4910בָּאָדָ֔םbaadamover <the> humankindH120צַדִּ֕יקtzadikrighteousH6662מוֹשֵׁ֖לmoshel[one who] rulesH4910יִרְאַ֥תyirat[the] fear ofH3374אֱלֹהִֽים׃ʾelohimGodH430
2 Samuel 23:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּכְא֥וֹרukheorand like [the] light ofH216בֹּ֖קֶרbokermorningH1242יִזְרַח־yizrach-[when] it dawnsH2224שָׁ֑מֶשׁshamesh[the] sunH8121בֹּ֚קֶרbokermorningH1242לֹ֣אlo'notH3808עָב֔וֹתavotcloudsH5645מִנֹּ֥גַהּminogahfrom brightnessH5051מִמָּטָ֖רmimatarfrom rainH4306דֶּ֥שֶׁאdeshe'vegetationH1877מֵאָֽרֶץ׃mearetzfrom [the] earthH776
2 Samuel 23:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּֽי־ki-forH3588לֹא־lo'-notH3808כֵ֥ןkhenthusH3651בֵּיתִ֖יbeiti[is] house? myH1004עִם־ʾim-withH5973אֵ֑לʾelGodH410כִּי֩kiforH3588בְרִ֨יתverita covenant ofH1285עוֹלָ֜םolamperpetuityH5769שָׂ֣םsamhe has madeH7760לִ֗יlito <the> meעֲרוּכָ֤הʾarukhaharrangedH6186בַכֹּל֙vakolin <the> everythingH3605וּשְׁמֻרָ֔הushemurahand preservedH8104כִּֽי־ki-forH3588כָל־khol-allH3605יִשְׁעִ֥יyishisalvation myH3468וְכָל־vekholand everyH3605חֵ֖פֶץchefetzdesireH2656כִּֽי־ki-forH3588לֹ֥אlo'notH3808יַצְמִֽיחַ׃yatzmiachwill he make grow?H6779
2 Samuel 23:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאִישׁ֙veishand anyoneH376יִגַּ֣עyiga'[who] he will touchH5060בָּהֶ֔םbahem<in> <the> themיִמָּלֵ֥אyimale'he will arm himselfH4390בַרְזֶ֖לvarzelironH1270וְעֵ֣ץveetzand [the] wood ofH6086חֲנִ֑יתchanita spearH2595וּבָאֵ֕שׁuvaeshand with <the> fireH784שָׂר֥וֹףsarofcertainly <to burn>H8313יִשָּׂרְפ֖וּyisarefuthey will be burnedH8313בַּשָּֽׁבֶת׃ פbashavetat the dwellingH7675
The Three who would not give ground8
2 Samuel 23:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אֵ֛לֶּהʾelehtheseH428שְׁמ֥וֹתshemot[are] [the] names ofH8034הַגִּבֹּרִ֖יםhagiborimthe warriorsH1368אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhoH834לְדָוִ֑דledavid[belonged] to DavidH1732יֹשֵׁ֨בyoshevJosheb-H3429בַּשֶּׁ֜בֶתbashevetBasshebethH3429תַּחְכְּמֹנִ֣י׀tachkemonia TahkemoniteH8461רֹ֣אשׁrosh[the] chief ofH7218הַשָּׁלִשִׁ֗יhashalishithe threeH7991ה֚וּאhu'heH1931עֲדִינ֣וֹadinoAdinoH5722הָֽעֶצְנִ֔יhaetznithe EzniteH6112עַל־ʾal-onH5921שְׁמֹנֶ֥הshemoneheightH8083מֵא֛וֹתmeothundred<s>H3967חָלָ֖לchalal[one] slainH2491בְּפַ֥עַםbefaamat a timeH6471אֶחָֽת׃ סʾechadoneH259
2 Samuel 23:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאַחֲרָ֛יוveacharoand [was] after himH310אֶלְעָזָ֥רʾelazarEleazarH499בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121דֹּד֖וֹdodiDodoH1734בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121אֲחֹחִ֑יʾachochiAhoahH266בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֨הbishloshahamong threeH7969הַגִּבֹּרִ֜יםhagiborimthe warriorsH1368עִם־ʾim-withH5973דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732בְּחָֽרְפָ֤םbecharefamwhen defied theyH2778בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּיםbapelishtim<in> the PhilistinesH6430נֶאֶסְפוּ־neesfu-[who] they were gatheredH622שָׁ֣םshamthereH8033לַמִּלְחָמָ֔הlamilchamahfor <the> battleH4421וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּvaiyaaluand they went upH5927אִ֥ישׁʾish[the] man ofH376יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃yisraelIsraelH3478
2 Samuel 23:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
ה֣וּאhu'heH1931קָם֩kamhe aroseH6965וַיַּ֨ךְvaiyakhand he struck downH5221בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜יםbapelishtimamong the PhilistinesH6430עַ֣ד׀ʾaduntilH5704כִּֽי־ki-forH3588יָגְעָ֣הyageahit was wearyH3021יָד֗וֹyadohand hisH3027וַתִּדְבַּ֤קvatidbakand it cleavedH1692יָדוֹ֙yadohand hisH3027אֶל־ʾel-toH413הַחֶ֔רֶבhacherevthe swordH2719וַיַּ֧עַשׂvaiyaasand he didH6213יְהוָ֛הyahwehYahwehH3068תְּשׁוּעָ֥הteshuaha deliveranceH8668גְדוֹלָ֖הgedolahgreatH1419בַּיּ֣וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַה֑וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931וְהָעָ֛םvehaamand the peopleH5971יָשֻׁ֥בוּyashuvuthey returnedH7725אַחֲרָ֖יוʾacharavafter himH310אַךְ־ʾakh-onlyH389לְפַשֵּֽׁט׃ סlefashetto stripH6584
Rashi on II Samuel 23:10
But only to strip [the corpses]. Yonoson translates: "To strip the dead." There was no one to help him kill [the Pelishtim] but they were all stripping the corpses after [he had killed them].
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
2 Samuel 23:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאַחֲרָ֛יוveacharavand [was] after himH310שַׁמָּ֥אshama'ShammaH8037בֶן־ven-[the] son ofH1121אָגֵ֖אʾage'AgeeH89הָרָרִ֑יharari[the] HarariteH2043וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּvaiyeasefuand they were gatheredH622פְלִשְׁתִּ֜יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430לַחַיָּ֗הlachaiyahto <the> LehiH2416וַתְּהִי־vatehi-and it wasH1961שָׁ֞םshamthereH8033חֶלְקַ֤תchelkat[the] portion ofH2513הַשָּׂדֶה֙hasadehthe fieldH7704מְלֵאָ֣הmeleahfullH4392עֲדָשִׁ֔יםʾadashimof lentilsH5742וְהָעָ֥םvehaamand the peopleH5971נָ֖סnasit fledH5127מִפְּנֵ֥יmipeneifrom beforeH6440פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃felishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430
2 Samuel 23:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֤בvaiyityatzevand he took his standH3320בְּתוֹךְ־betokh-in [the] middle ofH8432הַֽחֶלְקָה֙hachelkahthe portionH2513וַיַּצִּילֶ֔הָvaiyatzilehaand he delivered itH5337וַיַּ֖ךְvaiyakhand he struck downH5221אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וַיַּ֥עַשׂvaiyaasand he didH6213יְהוָ֖הyahwehYahwehH3068תְּשׁוּעָ֥הteshuaha deliveranceH8668גְדוֹלָֽה׃ סgedolahgreatH1419
Water from Bethlehem's well, poured out to God13
2 Samuel 23:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּרְד֨וּvaiyereduand they went downH3381שְׁלֹשָׁ֜הsheloshimthreeH7969מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣יםmehasheloshimfrom the thirtyH7970רֹ֗אשׁroshleader[s]H7218וַיָּבֹ֤אוּvaiyavouand they cameH935אֶל־ʾel-toH413קָצִיר֙katzir[the] harvestH7105אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732אֶל־ʾel-toH413מְעָרַ֖תmearat[the] cave ofH4631עֲדֻלָּ֑םʾadulamAdullamH5725וְחַיַּ֣תvechaiyatand a community ofH2416פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpelishtimPhilistinesH6430חֹנָ֖הchonah[was] encampedH2583בְּעֵ֥מֶקbeemekin [the] valley ofH6010רְפָאִֽים׃refaim[the] RephaitesH7497
Rashi on II Samuel 23:13
Of the thirty leaders. Yonoson translates: From the men who were leaders within the army.
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2 Samuel 23:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְדָוִ֖דvedavidand DavidH1732אָ֣זʾazthenH227בַּמְּצוּדָ֑הbametzudah[was] in the strongholdH4686וּמַצַּ֣בumatzavand a garrison ofH4673פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpelishtimPhilistinesH6430אָ֖זʾazthenH227בֵּ֥יתbeit[was] Beth-H1035לָֽחֶם׃lachem-lehemH1035
Rashi on II Samuel 23:14
And a contingent of Pesishtim was then in Beis Lechem. The [Pelishtim] army was camped in the Rephoim valley and they had sent a contingent to Beis Lechem.
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2 Samuel 23:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּתְאַוֶּ֥הvaiyitavehand he desiredH183דָוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732וַיֹּאמַ֑רvaiyomarand he saidH559מִ֚יmiwho?H4310יַשְׁקֵ֣נִיyashkeniwill he give to drink meH8248מַ֔יִםmayimwaterH4325מִבֹּ֥ארmiborfrom [the] well ofH877בֵּֽית־beit-Beth-H1035לֶ֖חֶםlechem-lehemH1035אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhichH834בַּשָּֽׁעַר׃bashaar[is] at the gateH8179
2 Samuel 23:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּבְקְעוּ֩vaiyivkeuand they broke throughH1234שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁתsheloshet[the] threeH7969הַגִּבֹּרִ֜יםhagiborimthe warriorsH1368בְּמַחֲנֵ֣הbemachanehin [the] camp ofH4264פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־vaiyishavu-and they drewH7579מַ֙יִם֙mayimwaterH4325מִבֹּ֤ארmiborfrom [the] well ofH877בֵּֽית־beit-Beth-H1035לֶ֙חֶם֙lechem-lehemH1035אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834בַּשַּׁ֔עַרbashaar[was] at the gateH8179וַיִּשְׂא֖וּvaiyisuand they carried [it]H5375וַיָּבִ֣אוּvaiyaviuand they brought [it]H935אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֑דdavidDavidH1732וְלֹ֤אvelo'and notH3808אָבָה֙ʾavahhe was willingH14לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔םlishtotamto drink themH8354וַיַּסֵּ֥ךְvaiyasekhand he poured outH5258אֹתָ֖םʾotam<obj.> themH853לַֽיהוָֽה׃layahwehto YahwehH3068
2 Samuel 23:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֡אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559חָלִילָה֩chalilahfar be itH2486לִּ֨יlito <the> meיְהוָ֜הyahwehO YahwehH3068מֵעֲשֹׂ֣תִיmeasotithan to do IH6213זֹ֗אתzotthis [thing]H2063הֲדַ֤םhadam¿ [the] blood ofH1818הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙haanashimthe menH582הַהֹלְכִ֣יםhaholekhimwho wentH1980בְּנַפְשׁוֹתָ֔םbenafshotamwith lives theirH5315וְלֹ֥אvelo'and notH3808אָבָ֖הʾavahhe was willingH14לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֑םlishtotamto drink themH8354אֵ֣לֶּהʾelehthese [things]H428עָשׂ֔וּʾasuthey didH6213שְׁלֹ֖שֶׁתsheloshet[the] threeH7969הַגִּבֹּרִֽים׃ סhagiborimthe warriorsH1368
Abishai, Benaiah, and a lion in a pit on a snowy day18
2 Samuel 23:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַאֲבִישַׁ֞יvaavishaiand AbishaiH52אֲחִ֣י׀ʾachi[the] brother ofH251יוֹאָ֣בyoavJoabH3097בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121צְרוּיָ֗הtzeruyahZeruiahH6870ה֚וּאhu'heH1931רֹ֣אשׁrosh[was] [the] chiefH7218הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔הhasheloshiof the threeH7969וְהוּא֙vehu'and heH1931עוֹרֵ֣רorerhe wieldedH5782אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853חֲנִית֔וֹchanitospear hisH2595עַל־ʾal-onH5921שְׁלֹ֥שׁsheloshthreeH7969מֵא֖וֹתmeothundred<s>H3967חָלָ֑לchalal[one] slainH2491וְלוֹ־velo-and [belonged] to <the> himשֵׁ֖םshema nameH8034בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃basheloshahamong the threeH7969
2 Samuel 23:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
מִן־min-more thanH4480הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה֙hasheloshahthe threeH7969הֲכִ֣יhakhi¿ forH3588נִכְבָּ֔דnikhbad[was he] honoredH3513וַיְהִ֥יvayhiand he becameH1961לָהֶ֖םlahemto <the> themלְשָׂ֑רlesar<into> a commanderH8269וְעַד־vead-and toH5704הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֖הhasheloshahthe threeH7969לֹא־lo'-notH3808בָֽא׃ סva'he cameH935
2 Samuel 23:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּבְנָיָ֨הוּuvenayahuand BenaiahH1141בֶן־ven-[the] son ofH1121יְהוֹיָדָ֧עyehoyada'JehoiadaH3077בֶּן־ben-[was] a son ofH1121אִֽישׁ־ʾish-a manH376חַ֛יִלchaiof strengthH2428רַב־rav-great ofH7227פְּעָלִ֖יםpealimdeedsH6467מִֽקַּבְצְאֵ֑לmikavtzeelfrom KabzeelH6909ה֣וּאhu'heH1931הִכָּ֗הhikahhe struck downH5221אֵ֣תʾet<obj.>H853שְׁנֵ֤יshenei[the] twoH8147אֲרִאֵל֙ʾariel[the] lion-like men ofH739מוֹאָ֔בmoavMoabH4124וְ֠הוּאvehu'and heH1931יָרַ֞דyaradhe went downH3381וְהִכָּ֧הvehikahand he struck downH5221אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הָאֲרִ֛יhaariyahthe lionH738בְּת֥וֹךְbetokhin [the] midst ofH8432הַבֹּ֖ארhaborthe pitH953בְּי֥וֹםbeyomon [the] day ofH3117הַשָּֽׁלֶג׃hashalegthe snowH7950
2 Samuel 23:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהוּא־vehu'-and heH1931הִכָּה֩hikahhe struck downH5221אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אִ֨ישׁʾisha manH376מִצְרִ֜יmitzriEgyptianH4713אִ֣ישׁʾashera man ofH376מַרְאֶ֗הmarehappearanceH4758וּבְיַ֤דuveyadand [was] in [the] hand ofH3027הַמִּצְרִי֙hamitzrithe EgyptianH4713חֲנִ֔יתchanita spearH2595וַיֵּ֥רֶדvaiyeredand he went downH3381אֵלָ֖יוʾelavto himH413בַּשָּׁ֑בֶטbashavetwith the staffH7626וַיִּגְזֹ֤לvaiyigzoland he seizedH1497אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַחֲנִית֙hachanitthe spearH2595מִיַּ֣דmiyadfrom [the] hand ofH3027הַמִּצְרִ֔יhamitzrithe EgyptianH4713וַיַּהַרְגֵ֖הוּvaiyahargehuand he killed himH2026בַּחֲנִיתֽוֹ׃bachanitowith own spear hisH2595
2 Samuel 23:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
מִן־min-more thanH4480הַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣יםhasheloshimthe thirtyH7970נִכְבָּ֔דnikhbad[he was] honoredH3513וְאֶל־veel-and toH413הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֖הhasheloshahthe threeH7969לֹא־lo'-notH3808בָ֑אva'he cameH935וַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּvaysimehuand he appointed himH7760דָוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732אֶל־ʾel-toH413מִשְׁמַעְתּֽוֹ׃ סmishma'tobodyguard hisH4928
The Thirty, named man by man — Uriah the Hittite last24
2 Samuel 23:24· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:25· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:26· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:27· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:28· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:29· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:30· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:31· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:32· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:33· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:34· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:35· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:36· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:37· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 23:38· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible