Hebrew verb · H2778
חָרַף
charaphkhaw-raf'
to taunt; to winter; to acquire
41 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key
Concordance spelling: châraph
Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H2778is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.
- 13 of 39Old Testament books
- 31spellings
- 3meanings
The definition in full
Strong's key (1890) · H2778
to pull off, i.e. (by implication) to expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e. defame; to spend the winter
The King James renders it: betroth, blaspheme, defy, jeopard, rail, reproach, upbraid.
James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.
Summary
charaph is rendered "to taunt; to winter; to acquire". It stands 41 times in the Hebrew text, across thirteen books.
- Twelve of the uses stand in Psalms, more than in any other book.
- The lexicon lists three meanings for it, beginning with "to taunt".
- Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Leviticus 19:20If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed.
- The Greek text spells it thirty-one different ways.
The first use
If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed.
Leviticus 19:20נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת
The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.
Where the word stands
Twelve of the word's forty-one uses are in Psalms.
What the word means
The word carries three meanings: to taunt, and to winter, and to acquire.
Each meaning, and the words it is translated by
| Meaning | Tagged as | Where |
|---|---|---|
| to tauntStrong's entry A | Tagged aslisted under the table | WhereLeviticus 19:20If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed… |
| to winterStrong's entry B | Tagged aslisted under the table | Wherein the ledger below |
| to acquireStrong's entry C | Tagged aslisted under the table | Wherein the ledger below |
How the Greek text is glossed, word by word
- to taunt5
- they have reproached3
- and he taunted2
- have you taunted2
- he has defied2
- he reproaches2
- taunts me2
- they have taunted me2
- you have taunted2
- he taunted1
- he taunts me1
- he will reproach1
and 16 more, 41 uses in all
The words built on the same word-part
Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.
The words it stands beside
All 41, in canonical order
Every use, in order
Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.
31 spellings and their grammar
STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.
How it is spelled
- חֵרֵ֣ף3
- וַיְחָרֵ֖ף2
- חֵרֵ֔ף2
- חֵֽרְפוּ֙2
- חֹרְפִ֣י2
- חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙2
- חֵרַ֣פְתָּ׀2
- לְחָרֵף֙2
- לְחָרֵ֖ף2
- בְּחָֽרְפָ֤ם1
- ח֝וֹרְפֶ֗יךָ1
- חֵרֵ֥ף1
and 19 more spellings in the ledger below.
The grammar of each form
- verb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singular7HVpp3ms
- preposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”)6HR/Vpcc
- verb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singular5HVpp2ms
- verb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural4HVpp3cp
- verb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singular3HVpp3cp/Sp1bs
- Hc/Vpw3ms2Hc/Vpw3ms
- verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singular2HVqrmsc/Sp1bs
- preposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine plural1HR/Vpcc/Sp3mp
- verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), participle · feminine singular1HVNrfsa
- verb · intensive (piel), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular1HVpi3ms
- verb · intensive (piel), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singular1HVpi3ms/Sp1bs
- verb · intensive (piel), jussive (“let him”) · 3rd person masculine plural + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singular1HVpj3mp/Sp1bs
Leviticus
one use
If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed.
- נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶתnecherefetverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), participle · feminine singulartagged: intended
Judges
two uses
Zebulun was a people who risked their lives; Naphtali, too, on the heights of the battlefield.
- חֵרֵ֥ףcherefverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: it despised
And Gideon went to the men of Succoth and said, “Here are Zebah and Zalmunna, about whom you taunted me, saying, ‘Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your possession, that we should give bread to your weary men?’”
- חֵרַפְתֶּ֨םcheraftemverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: you taunted
1 Samuel
five uses
Then the Philistine said, “I defy the ranks of Israel this day! Give me a man to fight!”
- חֵרַ֛פְתִּיcheraftiverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I defy
Now the men of Israel had been saying, “Do you see this man who keeps coming out to defy Israel? To the man who kills him the king will give great riches. And he will give him his daughter in marriage and exempt his father’s house from taxation in Israel.”
- לְחָרֵ֥ףlecharefpreposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to defy
David asked the men who were standing with him, “What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel? Just who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?”
- חֵרֵ֔ףcherefverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he has defied
Your servant has killed lions and bears; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, for he has defied the armies of the living God.”
- חֵרֵ֔ףcherefverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he has defied
But David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD of Hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
- חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃cheraftaverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you have defied
2 Samuel
two uses
and when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of David’s brother Shimei killed him.
- וַיְחָרֵ֖ףvaycharefHc/Vpw3mstagged: and he taunted
Next in command was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite. As one of the three mighty men, he went with David to taunt the Philistines who had gathered for battle at Pas-dammim. The men of Israel retreated,
- בְּחָֽרְפָ֤םbecharefampreposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: when defied they
2 Kings
four uses
Perhaps the LORD your God will hear all the words of the Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to defy the living God, and He will rebuke him for the words that the LORD your God has heard. Therefore lift up a prayer for the remnant that still survives.”
- לְחָרֵף֙lecharefpreposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to taunt
Incline Your ear, O LORD, and hear; open Your eyes, O LORD, and see. Listen to the words that Sennacherib has sent to defy the living God.
- לְחָרֵ֖ףlecharefpreposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to taunt
Whom have you taunted and blasphemed? Against whom have you raised your voice and lifted your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel!
- חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙cheraftaverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: have you taunted
Through your servants you have taunted the Lord, and you have said: “With my many chariots I have ascended to the heights of the mountains, to the remote peaks of Lebanon. I have cut down its tallest cedars, the finest of its cypresses. I have reached its farthest outposts, the densest of its forests.
- חֵרַ֣פְתָּ׀cheraftaverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you have taunted
1 Chronicles
one use
and when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of David’s brother Shimei killed him.
- וַיְחָרֵ֖ףvaycharefHc/Vpw3mstagged: and he taunted
2 Chronicles
one use
He also wrote letters mocking the LORD, the God of Israel, and saying against Him: “Just as the gods of the nations did not deliver their people from my hand, so the God of Hezekiah will not deliver His people from my hand.”
- לְחָרֵ֕ףlecharefpreposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to taunt
Nehemiah
one use
He had been hired to intimidate me so that I would sin by doing as he suggested, so they could give me a bad name in order to discredit me.
- יְחָֽרְפֽוּנִי׃ פyecharefuniverb · intensive (piel), jussive (“let him”) · 3rd person masculine plural + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: they may reproach me
Job
one use
I will cling to my righteousness and never let go. As long as I live, my conscience will not accuse me.
- יֶחֱרַ֥ףyecherafverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: it reproaches
Psalms
twelve uses
Like the crushing of my bones, my enemies taunt me, while they say to me all day long, “Where is your God?”
- חֵרְפ֥וּנִיcherefuniverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: they have taunted me
at the voice of the scorner and reviler, because of the enemy, bent on revenge.
- מְחָרֵ֣ףmecharefverb · intensive (piel), participle · masculine singulartagged: taunts
For it is not an enemy who insults me; that I could endure. It is not a foe who rises against me; from him I could hide.
- יְחָֽרְפֵ֗נִיyecharefeniverb · intensive (piel), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: he taunts me
He reaches down from heaven and saves me; He rebukes those who trample me. Selah God sends forth His loving devotion and His truth.
- חֵרֵ֣ףcherefverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will reproach
because zeal for Your house has consumed me, and the insults of those who insult You have fallen on me.
- ח֝וֹרְפֶ֗יךָchorfeikhaverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: reproach you
How long, O God, will the enemy taunt You? Will the foe revile Your name forever?
- יְחָ֣רֶףyecharefverb · intensive (piel), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: will he taunt
Remember how the enemy has mocked You, O LORD, how a foolish people has spurned Your name.
- חֵרֵ֣ף׀cherefverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he taunted
Pay back into the laps of our neighbors sevenfold the reproach they hurled at You, O Lord.
- חֵרְפ֣וּךָcherefukhaverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural + pronoun suffix · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: they reproached you
how Your enemies have taunted, O LORD, and have mocked every step of Your anointed one!
- חֵרְפ֖וּcherefuverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they have reproached
- חֵ֝רְפ֗וּcherefuverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they have reproached
All day long my enemies taunt me; they ridicule me and curse me.
- חֵרְפ֣וּנִיcherefuniverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: they have taunted me
Then I can answer him who taunts, for I trust in Your word.
- חֹרְפִ֣יchorefiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: taunts me
Proverbs
three uses
Whoever oppresses the poor taunts their Maker, but whoever is kind to the needy honors Him.
- חֵרֵ֣ףcherefverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he reproaches
He who mocks the poor insults their Maker; whoever gloats over calamity will not go unpunished.
- חֵרֵ֣ףcherefverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he reproaches
Be wise, my son, and bring joy to my heart, so that I can answer him who taunts me.
- חֹרְפִ֣יchorefiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: taunts me
Isaiah
six uses
They will all be left to the mountain birds of prey, and to the beasts of the land. The birds will feed on them in summer, and all the wild animals in winter.
- תֶּחֱרָֽף׃techerafverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: it will pass winter
Perhaps the LORD your God will hear the words of the Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to defy the living God, and He will rebuke him for the words that the LORD your God has heard. Therefore lift up a prayer for the remnant that still survives.”
- לְחָרֵף֙lecharefpreposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to taunt
Incline Your ear, O LORD, and hear; open Your eyes, O LORD, and see. Listen to all the words that Sennacherib has sent to defy the living God.
- לְחָרֵ֖ףlecharefpreposition + verb · intensive (piel), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to taunt
Whom have you taunted and blasphemed? Against whom have you raised your voice and lifted your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel!
- חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙cheraftaverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: have you taunted
Through your servants you have taunted the Lord, and you have said: “With my many chariots I have ascended to the heights of the mountains, to the remote peaks of Lebanon. I have cut down its tallest cedars, the finest of its cypresses. I have reached its farthest heights, the densest of its forests.
- חֵרַ֣פְתָּ׀cheraftaverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you have taunted
both for your iniquities and for those of your fathers,” says the LORD. “Because they burned incense on the mountains and scorned Me on the hills, I will measure into their laps full payment for their former deeds.”
- חֵרְפ֑וּנִיcherefuniverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: they taunted me
Zephaniah
two uses
“I have heard the reproach of Moab and the insults of the Ammonites, who have taunted My people and threatened their borders.
- חֵֽרְפוּ֙cherefuverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they have reproached
This they shall have in return for their pride, for taunting and mocking the people of the LORD of Hosts.
- חֵֽרְפוּ֙cherefuverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they reproached
The letters
Gematria 288· 1,008 mispar gadol
Where it leads
Studies that open this word1
How the numbers are counted
Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.
Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.
The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.
The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.