Luke 13:21
in Luke 13It is like leaven that a woman took and mixed into three measures of flour, until all of it was leavened.”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
It is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal, till it was all leavened.
KJV
It is like leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened.
⋯
This verse in Luke 13
Commentary
21 notes on this verseThere are three measures: of the flesh, of the soul and of the spirit. This is truer of the spirit in which we all live.… The woman, who prefigures the church, mixes with them the virtue of spiritual doctrine, until the whole hidden inner person of the heart is leavened and the heavenly bread arises to grace. The doctrine of Christ is fittingly called leaven, because the bread is Christ. The apostle said, "For we, being many, are one bread, one body." Leavening happens when the flesh does not lust against the Spirit, nor the Spirit against the flesh.
This site's exposition
compare the kingdom of God
on Luke 13:20-21
The mustard seed showed growth anyone could see. The leaven a woman mixed into three measures of flour works unseen through the whole batch. Together the pair shows the size of the kingdom and the manner of its coming.
This site's exposition
three measures of flour
Theophylact reads the woman as human nature and the three measures of flour as body, soul and spirit, all leavened by the word of God. In the Catena he reads the measures as the soul's reason, affections and desires. Genesis 18:6 has Sarah bake with three measures of flour.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
Or else, by the leaven our Lord means the Holy Spirit, the Sower proceeding (as it were) from the seed, which is the word of God. But the three measures of meal, signify the knowledge of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, which the woman, that is, Divine wisdom, and the Holy Spirit, impart.
The grain of wheat is Christ, because he was spiritual leaven for us, and many think that Christ is the leaven that enlivens the virtue which we have received. Since the leaven in the flour surpassed its own kind in strength and not in appearance, Christ was preeminent among the fathers, equal in body, incomparable in divinity. The holy church is prefigured in the woman in the Gospel. We are her flour, and she hides the Lord Jesus in the inner parts of our mind until the radiance of heavenly wisdom envelopes the secret places of our spirit.
(Serm. 111.) Or, the three measures of meal are the race of mankind, which was restored out of the three sons of Noah. The woman who hid the leaven is the wisdom of God.
The leaven is small in quantity, yet it immediately seizes the whole mass and quickly communicates its own properties to it. The Word of God operates in us in a similar manner. When it is admitted within us, it makes us holy and without blame. By pervading our mind and heart, it makes us spiritual. Paul says, "Our whole body and spirit and soul may be kept blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ." The God of all clearly shows that the divine Word is poured out even into the depth of our understanding.…We receive the rational and divine leaven in our mind. We understand that by this precious, holy and pure leaven, we may be found spiritually unleavened and have none of the wickedness of the world, but rather be pure, holy partakers of Christ.
Many think Christ is the leaven, for leaven which is made from meal, excels its kind in strength, not in appearance. So also Christ (according to the Fathers) shone forth above others equal in body, but unapproachable in excellence. The Holy Church therefore represents the type of the woman, of whom it is added, Which a woman, took and hid in three measures (sata) of meal, till the whole was leavened. But we are the meal of the woman which hide the Lord Jesus in the secrets of our hearts, until the heat of heavenly wisdom penetrates our innermost recesses. And since He says it was hid in three measures, it seems fitting that we should believe the Son of God to have been hid in the Law, veiled in the Prophets, manifested in the preaching of the Gospel. Here however I am invited to proceed farther, because our Lord Himself has taught us, that the leaven is the spiritual teaching of the Church. Now the Church sanctifies with its spiritual leaven the man who is renewed in body, soul, and spirit, seeing that these three are united in a certain equal measure of desire, and there breathes forth a complete harmony of the will. If then in this life the three measures abide in the same person until they are leavened and become one, there will be hereafter an incorruptible communion with them that love Christ.
13 more voices on this verse
The Medieval Church7 voices
And since charity and joy dilate and warm the heart from within, and this is the outward likeness with leaven, therefore he adds: It is like leaven. And note that by leaven is sometimes understood the corruption of peace and unity, as above in the …
A woman took some yeast when the church, by the Lord's generosity, secured the energy of love and faith from on high. She hid this in three measures of flour until the whole batch was leavened. She did this when she performed her ministry of …
And again he said, "To what shall I compare the kingdom of God, and what is it like? It is like leaven that a woman took and hid in three measures of flour until the whole was leavened." A measure called "satum" is a unit …
The Satum is a kind of measure in use in the province of Palestine, holding about a bushel and a half.
Or, by the leaven He speaks of love, which kindles and stirs up the heart; the woman, that is, the Church, hides the leaven of love in three measures, because she bids us love God with all our hearts, all our minds, and all our strength. And this until the whole is leavened, that is, until love moves the whole soul into the perfection of itself, which begins here, but will be completed hereafter.
The divine teaching "is like leaven, which a woman," that is, human nature, "took and hid in three measures of meal," that is, in body, soul, and spirit, so that all was sanctified, as the blessed Paul says (1 Tim. 4:5), and became one lump …
Or, for the woman you must understand the soul; but the three measures, its three parts, the reasoning part, the affections, and the desires. If then any one has hidden in these three the word of God, he will make the whole spiritual, so as not by his reason to lie in argument, nor by his anger or desire to be transported beyond control, but to be conformed to the word of God.
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
But you must give it time, wait for the issue of the preaching of the gospel to the world, and you will find it does wonders, and alters the property of the souls of men. By degrees the whole will be leavened, even as many as are, like the meal to the leaven, prepared to receive the savour of it." II.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — odd-straight-quotes
It is like leaven,....
The Nineteenth Century4 voices
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
There is a peculiar interest belonging to the two parables contained in these verses. We find them twice delivered by our Lord — and at two distinct periods in His ministry. This fact alone, should make us give the more earnest attention to the lessons which the parables convey. They will be found rich both in prophetic and experimental truths. The parable of the mustard seed — is intended to show the progress of the Gospel in the world. The beginnings of the Gospel were exceedingly small.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
It yields more real satisfaction to see in this brief parable just the all-penetrating and assimilating quality of the Gospel, by virtue of which it will yet mould all institutions and tribes of men, and exhibit over the whole earth one "Kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ." (See on Re 11:15).
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
proposed
There is a peculiar interest belonging to the two parables contained in these verses. We find them twice delivered by our Lord — and at two distinct periods in His ministry. This fact alone, should make us give the more earnest attention to the lessons which the parables convey. They will be found rich both in prophetic and experimental truths. The parable of the mustard seed — is intended to show the progress of the Gospel in the world. The beginnings of the Gospel were exceedingly small. "It is like a mustard seed — which a man took and planted in his garden. It grew and became a great tree, and the birds of the air perched in its branches." It was a religion which seemed at first so feeble, and helpless, and powerless — that it could not live. Its first founder was One who was poor in this world, and ended His life by dying the death of a criminal on the cross. Its first adherents were a little company, whose number probably did not exceed a thousand when the Lord Jesus left the world. Its first preachers were a few fishermen and publicans — who were, most of them, unlearned and ignorant men. Its first starting point was a despised corner of the earth, called Judea — a petty tributary province of the vast empire of Rome. Its first doctrine was eminently calculated to call forth the enmity of the natural heart. Christ crucified was to the Jews a stumbling-block, and to the Greeks foolishness. Its first movements brought down persecution from all quarters on its adherents. Pharisees and Sadducees, Jews and Gentiles, ignorant idolaters and self-conceited philosophers — all agreed in hating and opposing Christianity. It was a sect everywhere spoken against. These are no empty assertions. They are simple historic facts, which no one can deny.
Like leaven - See this explained, Mat 13:33 (note).
The words behind it
15 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ὁμοία | homoia | Like | G3664 → | 45 times |
| ἐστὶν | estin | it is | G1510 → | 2333 times |
| ζύμῃ | zume | to leaven | G2219 → | |
| ἣν | hen | which | G3739 → | 1405 times |
| λαβοῦσα | labousa | having taken | G2983 → | 257 times |
| γυνὴ | gune | a woman | G1135 → | 211 times |
| ἐνέκρυψεν | enekrupsen | hid | G1470 → | |
| εἰς | eis | in | G1519 → | 1755 times |
| ἀλεύρου | aleurou | of meal | G224 → | |
| σάτα | sata | measures | G4568 → | |
| τρία | tria | three | G5140 → | 69 times |
| ἕως | he'os | until | G2193 → | 146 times |
| οὗ | hou | it | G3739 → | 1405 times |
| ἐζυμώθη | ezumothe | was leavened | G2220 → | |
| ὅλον.¶ | holon | all. | G3650 → | 109 times |
ὁμοίαLike
homoiaG3664 →45 times
ἐστὶνit is
estinG1510 →2333 times
ζύμῃto leaven
zumeG2219 →
ἣνwhich
henG3739 →1405 times
λαβοῦσαhaving taken
labousaG2983 →257 times
γυνὴa woman
guneG1135 →211 times
ἐνέκρυψενhid
enekrupsenG1470 →
εἰςin
eisG1519 →1755 times
ἀλεύρουof meal
aleurouG224 →
σάταmeasures
sataG4568 →
τρίαthree
triaG5140 →69 times
ἕωςuntil
he'osG2193 →146 times
οὗit
houG3739 →1405 times
ἐζυμώθηwas leavened
ezumotheG2220 →
ὅλον.¶all.
holonG3650 →109 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
John 4:14But whoever drinks the water I give him will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give him will become in him a fount of water springing up to eternal life.”
it leads to
- John 7:38–39
Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said: ‘Streams of living water will flow from within him.’”
- John 6:35
Jesus answered, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to Me will never hunger, and whoever believes in Me will never thirst.
- Isaiah 49:10
They will not hunger or thirst, nor will scorching heat or sun beat down on them. For He who has compassion on them will guide them and lead them beside springs of water.
- Revelation 7:16
‘Never again will they hunger, and never will they thirst; nor will the sun beat down upon them, nor any scorching heat.’
- John 7:38–39
Through
James 1:21Therefore, get rid of all moral filth and every expression of evil, and humbly accept the word planted in you, which can save your souls.
it leads to
- Ephesians 4:22
to put off your former way of life, your old self, which is being corrupted by its deceitful desires;
- 1 Peter 2:11
Beloved, I urge you, as foreigners and exiles, to abstain from the desires of the flesh, which war against your soul.
- Ephesians 1:13
And in Him, having heard and believed the word of truth—the gospel of your salvation—you were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit,
- John 6:63
The Spirit gives life; the flesh profits nothing. The words I have spoken to you are spirit and they are life.
- Ephesians 4:22
Where this verse is studied
About Luke

This page draws on 17 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Ambrose of Milan, Exposition of the Gospel of Luke; Ambrose of Milan, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Augustine of Hippo, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bede, Homilies on the Gospels 2.13; Bede, On the Gospel of Luke; Bede, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bonaventure, Commentary on Luke, Chapter 13; Cyril of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON LUKE, HOMILY 96; Eusebius of Caesarea, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Luke and Theophylact of Ohrid, Catena Aurea by Aquinas.
