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John 18:4

in John 18

Jesus, knowing all that was coming upon Him, stepped forward and asked them, “Whom are you seeking?”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Jesus therefore, knowing all the things that were coming upon him, went forth, and saith unto them, Whom seek ye?

KJV

Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said unto them, Whom seek ye?

This verse in John 18

Commentary

15 notes on this verse
Jesus inquires of those who come to capture him. He asks them whom they have come in search of, not because he did not know (for how could that be?) but that he might prove that those who had come to capture him and were gazing on him were not even able to recognize the very person they were searching for, and thus confirming in us the true conviction that he would never have been taken if he had not of his own will gone to those who sought him.

This site's exposition

lanterns, torches, and weapons

on John 18:3-4

The band of soldiers is a Roman detachment, and the officers came from the chief priests and Pharisees. Lanterns, torches, and weapons come against a man who steps forward. Jesus knew all that was coming upon Him and asked the first question.

This site's exposition

stepped forward and asked them

The question comes from the one who already knows the answer. Cyril of Alexandria holds that it shows the arresting party face to face with the man they sought and unable to recognize Him. So He was taken only because He gave Himself up.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

Cyril of Alexandria

Commentary on the Gospel of John, Book 11 · Written before 444.

proposed

During the night the traitor appeared, bringing with him the servants of the Jews together with the band of soldiers. For, as we said just now, he thought that he would take Him even against His will, trusting in the number of his followers, and believing that he would find Him lingering in the spot whither He was wont to resort, and that day had not yet dawned to allow of His going forth elsewhere, but that night would be still detaining the Lord in the place of His lying down. Christ, then, in order to show that Judas, in holding either view, had been regarding Him as a mere Man, and that his plans were vain, anticipates their attack and goes out readily to meet them; showing thereby that He well knew what Judas presumed to attempt, and that, though it were easy for Him, through His foreknowledge, to escape unawares, He went of His own Will to meet His sufferings, and was not, by the malice of any man, involved in peril; to the intent that the scorn of philosophers among the Greeks might not be moved thereby, who, in their levity, make the Cross a stumblingblock and a charge against Him, and that Judas, the murderer of his Lord, might not be highly exalted against Christ, thinking that he had prevailed over Him against His Will. He inquires of those who come to capture Him, Whom they have come in search of, not because He did not know (for how could that be?), but that He might thereby prove, that those who were for that very reason come, and were gazing upon Him, were not able so much as to recognise Him of Whom they were in search, and so confirm us in the true conviction that He would never have been taken, if He had not of His own Will gone to those who sought Him. For observe, that when He openly asks, Whom seek ye? […]

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Homily on the Gospel of John 83 · Written before 407.

proposed

"Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon Him, went forth, and said, Whom seek ye?" That is, He did not wait to learn this from their coming, but spake and acted without confusion, as knowing all these things. "But why come they with weapons, when about to seize Him?" They feared His followers, and for this reason they came upon Him late at night.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Homily on the Gospel of Matthew 83 · Written before 407.

proposed

But wherefore doth He say this? Because often when seized by them He had gone out through the midst, without their knowing it. Nevertheless, then also this would have been done, if it had not been His own will that He should be taken. It was at least with a view to teach them this, that He then blinded their eyes, and Himself asked, "Whom seek ye?" And they knew Him not, though being with lanterns and torches, and having Judas with them. Afterwards, as they had said, "Jesus;" He saith, "I am He" whom ye seek.

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Commentary on John · Written before 1107.

proposed

The Lord asks them not because He had need to know; the Evangelist says that He knew "all that would happen to Him." And since He knew what would happen to Him, He asks not out of need to know, but with the purpose of …

A commentator

Bonaventure

Commentary on John, Chapter 18 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

But Jesus, knowing. Here it is shown that the arrest of Christ was voluntary on Christ's part in four ways: first, in that when he could have hidden, he offered himself: second, that by offering himself he prostrated his enemies: third, that by offering himself …
7 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on John · Written before 1274.

proposed

2279 Now the Evangelist shows the promptness of Christ to willingly undergo betrayal: first, by voluntarily offering himself; secondly, by stopping one of the disciples who was resisting (v 10). In regard to the first, the Evangelist does two things: first, he tells how Christ …

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 1107.

proposed

He asks not because He needed to know, for He knew all things that should come upon Him; but because He wished to show, that though present, they could not see or distinguish Him: Jesus saith unto them, I am He.

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

Jesus therefore knowing all things,....

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

This will not warrant us needlessly to expose ourselves to trouble, for we know not when our hour is come; but we are called to suffering when we have no way to avoid it but by sin; and, when it comes to this, let none of these things move us, for they cannot hurt us.

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

Jesus knowing all things, etc. - He had gone through all his preaching, working of miracles, and passion, and had nothing to do now but to offer up himself on the cross; he therefore went forth to meet them, to deliver himself up to death.
These verses begin John's account of Christ's sufferings and crucifixion. We now enter on the closing scene of our Lord's ministry, and pass at once from His intercession to His sacrifice. We shall find that, like the other Gospel-writers, the beloved disciple enters fully into the story of the cross. But we shall also find, if we read carefully, that he mentions several interesting points in the story, which Matthew, Mark, and Luke, for some wise reasons, have passed over. We should notice, first, in these verses, the exceeding hardness of heart to which a backsliding professor may attain.
These verses begin John's account of Christ's sufferings and crucifixion. We now enter on the closing scene of our Lord's ministry, and pass at once from His intercession to His sacrifice. We shall find that, like the other Gospel-writers, the beloved disciple enters fully into the story of the cross. But we shall also find, if we read carefully, that he mentions several interesting points in the story, which Matthew, Mark, and Luke, for some wise reasons, have passed over. We should notice, first, in these verses, the exceeding hardness of heart to which a backsliding professor may attain. We are told that Judas, one of the twelve Apostles, became guide to those who captured Jesus. We are told that he used his knowledge of the place of our Lord's retirement, in order to bring His deadly enemies upon Him; and we are told that when the band of men and officers approached his Master, in order to take Him prisoner, Judas "stood with them." Yet this was a man who for three years had been a constant companion of Christ, had seen His miracles, had heard His sermons, had enjoyed the benefit of His private instruction, had professed himself a believer, had even worked and preached in Christ's name! "Lord," we may well say, "what is man?" From the highest degree of privilege down to the lowest depth of sin, there is but a succession of steps. Privileges misused seem to paralyze the conscience. The same fire that melts wax, will harden clay. Let us beware of resting our hopes of salvation on religious knowledge, however great; or religious advantages, however many. We may know all doctrinal truth and be able to teach others, and yet prove rotten at heart, and go down to the pit with Judas.

The words behind it

14 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 27:3

    Though an army encamps around me, my heart will not fear; though a war breaks out against me, I will keep my trust.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 3:6

      I will not fear the myriads set against me on every side.

    • 1 Peter 3:14

      But even if you should suffer for what is right, you are blessed. “Do not fear what they fear; do not be shaken.”

    • Romans 8:35–37

      Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall trouble or distress or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword?

    • Philippians 1:28

      without being frightened in any way by those who oppose you. This is a clear sign of their destruction but of your salvation, and it is from God.

    • 2 Corinthians 5:6–8

      Therefore we are always confident, although we know that while we are at home in the body, we are away from the Lord.

  • Through

    Acts 2:28

    You have made known to me the paths of life; You will fill me with joy in Your presence.’

    it leads to

    • Psalms 16:11

      You have made known to me the path of life; You will fill me with joy in Your presence, with eternal pleasures at Your right hand.

  • Through

    John 13:1

    It was now just before the Passover Feast, and Jesus knew that His hour had come to leave this world and return to the Father. Having loved His own who were in the world,…

    it leads to

    • John 12:23

      But Jesus replied, “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified.

    • 1 John 4:19

      We love because He first loved us.

Where this verse is studied

About John

Peter's Denial — Gustave Doré (engraving), public domain
Peter's Denial — Gustave Doré (engraving), public domain
This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Gospels; B. F. Westcott, The Gospel according to St. John; Bonaventure, Commentary on John, Chapter 18; Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on the Gospel of John, Book 11; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: John (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); John Chrysostom, Homily on the Gospel of John 83; John Chrysostom, Homily on the Gospel of Matthew 83; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on John; Theophylact of Ohrid, Catena Aurea by Aquinas and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on John.