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Luke 2:3

in Luke 2

And everyone went to his own town to register.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And all went to enrol themselves, every one to his own city.

KJV

And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city.

This verse in Luke 2

Commentary

10 notes on this verse

A commentator

Bede

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 735.

As at that time in the reign of Augustus and under the governorship of Cyrinus, every one went to his own city to make returns of his property; so now when Christ reigns through His teachers (the governors of the Church) ought we to make returns of righteousness.

This site's exposition

there went out a decree

on Luke 2:1-3

There went out a decree from Cesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed opens the nativity with Rome's own administrative machinery, an empire-wide census enrolling every subject by name. This taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria has troubled historians because Josephus dates Quirinius's governorship and its census to about AD 6, a decade after Herod's death in 4 BC; the commentators hold multiple solutions honestly, an earlier enrollment ordered while Quirinius held an earlier post or command in the region, or Luke's own word first distinguishing this census from the later, better known one Quirinius conducted. All went to be taxed, every one into his own city, describes an enrollment by ancestral city rather than current residence, the very requirement that puts a pregnant woman from Nazareth on the road to Bethlehem.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

(in diem natal. Christi.) It was the Lord who directed Augustus to give this edict, that he might minister unto the coming of the Only-begotten; for it was this edict that brought Christ's mother into her country as the prophets had foretold, namely, to Bethlehem of Judæa, according to the word, to a city of David, which is called Bethlehem.

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Bonaventure

Commentary on Luke, Chapter 2 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

As for the excellence of justice in its pursuit, it is added: And all went to be enrolled, each to his own city. They were therefore carrying out the king's command, and no one was seizing what belonged to another; and thus they had subjection …

A commentator

Bede

Homilies on the Gospels 1:6 · Written before 735.

proposed

But this enrollment of the whole world that is recalled as having been done by an earthly king also clearly designates the works of the heavenly king. Undoubtedly the reason he appeared in the world was so that from all the countries throughout the world …

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

And all went to be taxed,.... Throughout Judea, Galilee, and Syria; men, women, and children, every one into his own city; where he was born, and had any estate, and to which he belonged.

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city - The Roman census was an institution of Servius Tullius, sixth king of Rome.
3 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

went . . . to his own city--the city of his extraction, according to the Jewish custom, not of his abode, which was the usual Roman method. Not only does Joseph, who was of the royal line, go to Bethlehem (1Sa 16:1), but Mary too--not from choice surely in her condition, but, probably, for personal enrollment, as herself an heiress.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase

We have, in these verses, the story of a birth — the birth of the incarnate Son of God, the Lord Jesus Christ. Every birth of a living child is a marvelous event. It brings into being a soul that will never die. But never since the world began, was a birth so marvelous as the birth of Christ. In itself it was a miracle — "God was manifest in the flesh!" The blessings it brought into the world were unspeakable — it opened to man the door of everlasting life! In reading these verses, let us first notice — the TIMES when Christ was born. It was in the days when Augustus, the first Roman emperor, made "a decree that all the world should be taxed." The wisdom of God appears in this simple fact. The scepter was practically departing from Judah. (Genesis 49:10.) The Jews were coming under the dominion and taxation of a foreign power. Strangers were beginning to rule over them. They no longer had a really independent government of their own. The "due time" had come for the promised Messiah to appear. Augustus taxes "the world" — and at once Christ is born. It was a time peculiarly suitable for the introduction of Christ's Gospel. The whole civilized earth was at length governed by one master. There was nothing to prevent the preacher of a new faith going from city to city, and country to country. The princes and priests of the heathen world had been weighed in the balances, and found lacking. Egypt, and Assyria, and Babylon, and Persia, and Greece, and Rome — had all successively proved that "the world by wisdom knew not God." (1 Corinthians 1:21.) Notwithstanding their mighty conquerors, and poets, and historians, and architects, and philosophers — the kingdoms of the world were full of dark idolatry. It was indeed "due time" for God to interpose from Heaven, and send down an almighty Savior! It was "due time" for Christ to be born.
We have, in these verses, the story of a birth — the birth of the incarnate Son of God, the Lord Jesus Christ. Every birth of a living child is a marvelous event. It brings into being a soul that will never die. But never since the world began, was a birth so marvelous as the birth of Christ. In itself it was a miracle — "God was manifest in the flesh!" The blessings it brought into the world were unspeakable — it opened to man the door of everlasting life!

The words behind it

9 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • καὶAnd

    kaiG25329120 times

  • ἐπορεύοντοwere going

    eporeuontoG4198147 times

  • πάντεςall

    pantesG39561235 times

  • ἀπογράφεσθαι,to be registered,

    apographesthaiG5834 times

  • ἕκαστοςeach

    hekastosG153881 times

  • εἰςto

    eisG15191755 times

  • τὴνthe

    tenG358819766 times

  • ἑαυτοῦtheir own

    he'autouG1438322 times

  • πόλιν.city.

    polinG4172163 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

Where this verse is studied

About Luke

The Return of the Prodigal Son, Gustave Doré. Public domain.
The Return of the Prodigal Son, Gustave Doré. Public domain.

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Bede, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bede, Homilies on the Gospels 1:6; Bonaventure, Commentary on Luke, Chapter 2; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Catena Aurea by Aquinas and John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748).