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Genesis 15:11

in Genesis 15

And the birds of prey descended on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away.

KJV

And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them away.

This verse in Genesis 15

Commentary

13 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

And when the fowls - העיט haayit, birds of prey, came down upon the carcasses to devour them, Abram, who stood by his sacrifice waiting for the manifestation of God, who had ordered him to prepare for the ratification of the covenant, drove them away, that they might neither pollute nor devour what had been thus consecrated to God.

This site's exposition

a heifer, a goat, and a ram

on Genesis 15:9-11

The heifer, the goat, the ram, the turtledove and the pigeon are the whole list the law will later allow for sacrifice. The animals are cut in two and the halves laid opposite each other, and the Hebrew idiom for making a covenant is to cut one, which Jeremiah 34:18 describes centuries later. Abram drives the birds of prey off while he waits.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

City of God 16.24 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

The fowls coming down on the divided carcasses represent nothing good but [rather] the spirits of this air, seeking some food for themselves in the division of carnal people. But that Abraham sat down with them signifies that even amid these divisions of the carnal, true believers shall persevere to the end. With the going down of the sun great fear fell upon Abraham and a horror of great darkness. This signifies that about the end of this world believers shall be in great perturbation and tribulation, of which the Lord said in the Gospel, "For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not from the beginning."

A commentator

Jerome

Hebrew Questions on Genesis · Written before 420.

proposed

(Verses 10, 11.) And he placed them opposite each other: but he did not separate the birds. However, birds descended upon the carcasses and the divisions thereof, and Abram drove them away. It does not pertain to the present work to explain the sacrament. We only say this, because the Hebrew version has for these words: And birds descended upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away. For he deservedly often delivered Israel from narrow straits.

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron) · Written before 735.

proposed

But Abram drove them away, because by his merits Israel was often delivered both from the distress of temporal evils and from the snares of evil spirits.

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron) · Written before 735.

proposed

And birds of prey came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away. These divided birds, which descended upon the carcasses, do not indicate anything good, but rather certain spirits of this air seeking their sustenance from the division of the carnal; or certainly …

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

Note, A very watchful eye must be kept upon our spiritual sacrifices, that nothing be suffered to prey upon them and render them unfit for God's acceptance. When vain thoughts, like these fowls, come down upon our sacrifices, we must drive them away, and not suffer them to lodge within us, but attend on God without distraction.
6 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

And when the fowls came down upon the carcasses,....

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

But God ensures both to him; and that which made these two, the promised seed and the promised land, comforts indeed to this great believer was that they were both typical of those two invaluable blessings, Christ and heaven; and so, we have reason to think, Abram eyed them. God's Covenant with Abram.

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

WE might use this text, if we chose, as a picture of the ease with which faith repels all attacks that are made upon Christ, the great sacrifice of the new Covenant. Ainsworth tells us that the original word which we translate "drove" has in it the force of "puffed" them away. As if with a very puff of breath these kites and vultures and eagles, were at once driven away from the bodies of the victims.
WE might use this text, if we chose, as a picture of the ease with which faith repels all attacks that are made upon Christ, the great sacrifice of the new Covenant. Ainsworth tells us that the original word which we translate "drove" has in it the force of "puffed" them away. As if with a very puff of breath these kites and vultures and eagles, were at once driven away from the bodies of the victims. Faith knows how, when skeptical kites when blaspheming vultures, when speculative eagles come down to attack the sacrifice of Christ, to chase them away with but a puff of her breath. "We know whom we have believed." Let the earth shake, our confidence in Him cannot move. He is to us as real a Person as ourselves. No, we might doubt our own existence, but Jesus, His power, His love, His precious blood, His prevalent atonement we dare not doubt. One puff of the breath of prayer and questions and taunts are gone. One puff of the breath of holy faith in praise and every skeptical attack is scattered to the winds as far as we are concerned. When these fowls come down upon the body of Christ, like Abram by faith we "puff" them away. But I do not intend to use the text with such an object this morning, though one might legitimately do so. It seems to me to represent to us our duty when distracting thoughts invade the sanctity of our holy worship. Here is Abram. He has killed the victims according to Divine order. He has laid them in their places according to heavenly rule. He is waiting until God shall over those victims make and ratify the covenant. But meanwhile the buzzards and kites and vultures scent the bodies from afar and hasten to devour the flesh of the bullock and the ram. Abram chases them away that so his sacrifice may not be spoiled and he may have real fellowship with God.
ABRAHAM, when he was childless, received the amazing promise that his seed should be as the stars of Heaven for number. This he believed and his faith in Jehovah "was counted unto him for righteousness." Surely there is more righteousness in trusting the Lord than in all the works of the flesh! Those who speak lightly of faith are of a different mind from the Lord, whose judgment is according to truth. For the confirmation of the Patriarch's faith, the Lord resolved to give to His servant a gracious visitation which should be regarded as the solemn making of a covenant—and also as a prophecy of the future history of the promised seed. Abram was bid to bring victims—a heifer, a she-goat, a ram, a turtledove and a pigeon. The language is peculiar— "The Lord said unto him, Take Me an heifer of three years old." And then in the next verse we read, "And he took unto Him all these." Thus God and His servant each took part in the sacrifice—and so they set forth in symbol the communion which the Lord God has with His people in the Covenant of Grace, as they meet together in that one great Sacrifice of our Lord Jesus, which is the soul and essence of all the outward offerings. It was an offering taken for God which the Lord accepted, but it was, also, an offering taken unto Himself by Abraham, who saw Christ's day—saw it, and was glad. The man of God obeyed the command of God with great exactness and deliberation, laying the pieces of the sacrifice in due order and then waiting upon God until He should be pleased to further reveal Himself. But what is this? The solemn service is disturbed by foul birds! The most intense devotion is liable to interruptions of the worst sort. In the East, if a camel falls dead in the desert, the air is almost immediately full of winged things.
ABRAHAM, when he was childless, received the amazing promise that his seed should be as the stars of Heaven for number. This he believed and his faith in Jehovah "was counted unto him for righteousness." Surely there is more righteousness in trusting the Lord than in all the works of the flesh! Those who speak lightly of faith are of a different mind from the Lord, whose judgment is according to truth.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

This he did in order that He make the covenant with him, to pass between these parts. He thereby alluded to Abraham that all sacrifices of cattle and fowl will be from these species since the gozeil (young pigeon) mentioned here. In Verse 9 above.
Ramban: Spain, 1194–1270 · Ramban on Genesis 15:10:1, via Sefaria, Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
The Rabbis in the Midrash have interpreted this fourfold. “A dread,” “a great,” “darkness,” “fell.” expression to be an allusion to the servitude of the four exiles, 274 Mentioned further in the text. for the prophet. See Ramban further, Verse, as to the nature of the prophetic vision.
Ramban: Spain, 1194–1270 · Ramban on Genesis 15:12:1, via Sefaria, Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

7 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיֵּ֥רֶדand it came down

    vaiyeredH3381381 times

  • הָעַ֖יִטthe bird[s] of prey

    haayitH5861

  • עַל־on

    ʾal-H59215755 times

  • הַפְּגָרִ֑יםthe carcasses

    hapegarimH6297

  • וַיַּשֵּׁ֥בand he drove away

    vaiyashevH5380

  • אֹתָ֖ם<obj.> them

    ʾotamH85310935 times

  • אַבְרָֽם׃Abram

    ʾavramH8761 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 119:13

    With my lips I proclaim all the judgments of Your mouth.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 71:15–18

      My mouth will declare Your righteousness and Your salvation all day long, though I cannot know their full measure.

    • Psalms 37:30

      The mouth of the righteous man utters wisdom, and his tongue speaks justice.

    • Psalms 40:9–10

      I proclaim righteousness in the great assembly; behold, I do not seal my lips, as You, O LORD, do know.

    • Psalms 118:17

      I will not die, but I will live and proclaim what the LORD has done.

    • Psalms 34:11

      Come, children, listen to me; I will teach you the fear of the LORD.

  • Through

    Matthew 13:4

    And as he was sowing, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it.

    it leads to

  • Through

    Ezekiel 17:3

    and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘A great eagle with great wings and long pinions, full of feathers of many colors, came to Lebanon and took away the top…

    it leads to

    • Hosea 8:1

      Put the ram’s horn to your lips! An eagle looms over the house of the LORD, because the people have transgressed My covenant and rebelled against My law.

    • Jeremiah 48:40

      For this is what the LORD says: “Behold, an eagle swoops down and spreads his wings against Moab.

Where this verse is studied

About Genesis

The Creation of Light, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
The Creation of Light, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Augustine of Hippo, City of God 16.24; Bede, Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 420: “Abram And The Ravenous Birds” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1993: “Driving the Vultures Away from the Sacrifice” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jerome, Hebrew Questions on Genesis; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.