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Deuteronomy 2:30

in Deuteronomy 2

But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as is the case this day.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him; for Jehovah thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as at this day.

KJV

But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the Lord thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day.

This verse in Deuteronomy 2

Commentary

4 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Rise ye up . . . and pass over the river Arnon--At its mouth, this stream is eighty-two feet wide and four deep. It flows in a channel banked by perpendicular cliffs of sandstone.

This site's exposition

the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn

on Deuteronomy 2:30-31

The same act is said of Pharaoh at Exodus 4:21 and 7:3, and Joshua 11:20 says of the Canaanite kings that "it was of the LORD to harden their hearts". The offer of peace at verse 26 stands beside the hardening at verse 30, and readers divide over how the two agree. Calvin treats the hardening as God's own act, and Henry holds that the embassy left Sihon without excuse.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him,....

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

The Lord - hardened his spirit - See the notes on Exo 4:21, and Exo 9:15 (note), etc.

The words behind it

21 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וְלֹ֣אand not

    velo'H3808 →5168 times

  • אָבָ֗הhe was willing

    ʾavahH14 →54 times

  • סִיחֹן֙Sihon

    sichonH5511 →37 times

  • מֶ֣לֶךְ[the] king of

    melekhH4428 →2525 times

  • חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹןHeshbon

    cheshbonH2809 →38 times

  • הַעֲבִרֵ֖נוּto let pass us

    haavirenuH5674 →556 times

  • בּ֑וֹin him

    bo

  • כִּֽי־for

    ki-H3588 →4482 times

  • הִקְשָׁה֩he had made stubborn

    hikshahH7185 →28 times

  • יְהוָ֨הYahweh

    yahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָGod your

    ʾeloheikhaH430 →2601 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • רוּח֗וֹspirit his

    ruchoH7307 →

  • וְאִמֵּץ֙and he had made obstinate

    veimetzH553 →41 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • לְבָב֔וֹheart his

    levavoH3824 →252 times

  • לְמַ֛עַןso as

    lemaanH4616 →272 times

  • תִּתּ֥וֹto give him

    titoH5414 →2011 times

  • בְיָדְךָ֖in hand your

    veyadekhaH3027 →1618 times

  • כַּיּ֥וֹםas the day

    kaiyomH3117 →2304 times

  • הַזֶּֽה׃ ס<the> this

    hazehH2088 →1180 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Exodus 4:21

    The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that…

    it leads to

    • Romans 9:18

      Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

    • Exodus 14:8

      And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly.

    • Isaiah 63:17

      Why, O LORD, do You make us stray from Your ways and harden our hearts from fearing You? Return, for the sake of Your servants, the tribes of Your heritage.

    • Joshua 11:20

      For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts to engage Israel in battle, so that they would be set apart for destruction and would receive no mercy, being annihilated as the LORD…

    • Exodus 9:12

      But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.

  • Through

    Exodus 11:10

    Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

    it leads to

    • Exodus 4:21

      The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that…

    • Exodus 10:20

      But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go.

  • Through

    Numbers 21:23

    But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory. Instead, he gathered his whole army and went out to confront Israel in the wilderness. When he came to Jahaz, he fought against Israel.

    it leads to

    • Judges 11:20

      But Sihon would not trust Israel to pass through his territory. So he gathered all his people, encamped in Jahaz, and fought with Israel.

About Deuteronomy

Moses Viewing the Promised Land, Frederic Edwin Church, 1846. Public domain.
Moses Viewing the Promised Land, Frederic Edwin Church, 1846. Public domain.

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Calvin, Commentary on the Four Last Books of Moses Arranged in the Form of a Harmony; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.