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Luke 6:5

in Luke 6

Then Jesus declared, “The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And he said unto them, The Son of man is lord of the sabbath.

KJV

And he said unto them, That the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath.

This verse in Luke 6

Commentary

14 notes on this verse

A commentator

Tertullian

Against Marcion Book IV · Written before 220.

Wishing, therefore, to initiate them into this meaning of the law by the restoration of the withered hand, He requires, "Is it lawful on the Sabbath-days to do good, or not? to save life, or to destroy it? " In order that He might, whilst allowing that amount of work which He was about to perform for a soul, remind them what works the law of the Sabbath forbade-even human works; and what it enjoined-even divine works, which might be done for the benefit of any soul, He was called "Lord of the Sabbath," because He maintained the Sabbath as His own institution.

This site's exposition

Have you not read what

on Luke 6:3-5

Jesus answers with 1 Samuel 21, where David took the consecrated bread, lawful only for the priests, and the history records no rebuke. Then He declared, The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath, claiming authority over the day itself.

This site's exposition

The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath

The saying closes the grainfield dispute. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown call it as open a claim to the authority of the Lawgiver at Sinai as could be made. Matthew Henry connects it with the Sabbath becoming the Lord's day.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

Epiphanius of Salamis

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 403.

proposed

(cont. Hær. l. i. Hær. xxx. 32.) On the sabbath day then they were seen passing through the corn fields, and eating the corn, showing that the bonds of the sabbath were loosened, when the great Sabbath was come in Christ, Who made us to rest from the working of our iniquities.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 407.

proposed

(ubi sup.) But Mark declares that He uttered this of our common nature, for He said, The sabbath was made for man, not, man for the sabbath. It is therefore more fitting that the sabbath should be subject to man, than that man should bow his neck to the sabbath.

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 397.

proposed

Not only in the form of expression, but in His very practice and mode of action, did the Lord begin to absolve man from the observance of the old law. Hence it is said, And it came to pass that he went through the corn fields, &c. But the Lord proves the defenders of the law to be ignorant of what belongs to the law, bringing the example of David; as it follows, And Jesus answering said to them, Have ye not read so much as this, &c. But herein is a great mystery. For the field is the whole world, the corn is the abundant harvest of the saints in the seed of the human race, the ears of corn are the fruits of the Church, which the Apostles shaking off by their works fed upon, nourishing themselves with our increase, and by their mighty miracles, as it were out of the bodily husks, plucking forth the fruits of the mind to the light of faith. Now the Jews thought this unlawful on the Sabbath, but Christ by the gift of new grace represented hereby the rest of the law, the work of grace. Wonderfully has He called it the second-first sabbath, not the first-second, because that was loosed from the law which was first, and this is made first which was ordained second. It is therefore called the second sabbath according to number, the first according to the grace of the work. For that sabbath is better where there is no penalty, than that where there is a penalty prescribed. Or this perhaps was first in the foreknowledge of wisdom, and second in the sanction of the ordinance. Now in David escaping with his companions, there was a foreshadowing of Christ in the law, who with His Apostles escaped the prince of the world. […]

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Bonaventure

Commentary on Luke, Chapter 6 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

And lest anything be lacking to the authority of Scripture, he subjoins his own authority, by which he both willed and was able to grant them a dispensation. Which he indicates when he adds: And he said to them, that the Son of man is …

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 1107.

proposed

But he reproves them in another way, as it is added, And he said unto them, that the So of man is Lord also of the sabbath. As if he said, I am the Lord of the sabbath, as being He who ordained it, and as the Legislator I have power to loose the sabbath; for Christ was called the Son of man, who being the Son of God yet condescended in a miraculous manner to be made and called for man's sake the Son of man.
6 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bede

On the Gospel of Luke · Written before 735.

proposed

And he said to them, because the Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath. If, he said, King David who was fed with priestly food is excusable, and according to the faith of another Gospel, the priests violating the Sabbath through temple service …

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

): The Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath. In the kingdom of the Redeemer, the sabbath day is to be turned into a Lord's day; the property of it is, in some respects, to be altered, and it is to be observed chiefly in honour of the Redeemer, as it had been before in honour of the Creator, Jer. xvi.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

And he said unto them,.... He adds this at the close of the instances he gave, at the end of his vindication of his disciples, and discourse with the Pharisees, as a full answer to their cavils; that the son of man is Lord also of the sabbath; and may do what he will, and suffer his disciples to do whatever he pleases on that day; See Gill on Mat 12:8.

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Lord also--rather "even" (as in Mt 12:8). of the sabbath--as naked a claim to all the authority of Him who gave the law at Mount Sinai as could possibly be made; that is, "I have said enough to vindicate the men ye carp at on My account: but in this place is the Lord of the law, and they have HIS sanction." (See Mr 2:28.) Lu 6:6-11.
We should notice in this passage — what excessive importance hypocrites attach to trifles. We are told that, "One Sabbath day as Jesus was walking through some corn fields, his disciples broke off heads of wheat, rubbed off the husks in their hands, and ate the grains." At once the hypocritical Pharisees found fault, and charged them with committing a sin. They said, "Why do you that which is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?" The mere act of plucking the heads of wheat, of course they did not find fault with.
We should notice in this passage — what excessive importance hypocrites attach to trifles. We are told that, "One Sabbath day as Jesus was walking through some corn fields, his disciples broke off heads of wheat, rubbed off the husks in their hands, and ate the grains." At once the hypocritical Pharisees found fault, and charged them with committing a sin. They said, "Why do you that which is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?" The mere act of plucking the heads of wheat, of course they did not find fault with. It was an action sanctioned by the Mosaic law. (Deuteronomy 23:25.) The supposed fault with which they charged the disciples, was the breach of the fourth commandment. They had done work on the Sabbath, by taking and eating a handful of food. This exaggerated zeal of the Pharisees about the Sabbath, we must remember — did not extend to other plain commandments of God. It is evident from many expressions in the Gospels, that these very men, who pretended such strictness on one little point, were more than lax and indifferent about other points of infinitely greater importance. While they stretched the commandment about the Sabbath beyond its true meaning — they openly trampled on the tenth commandment, and were notorious for covetousness. (Luke 16:14.) But this is precisely the character of the hypocrite. To use our Lord's illustration — in some things he makes fuss about straining a gnat out of his cup, while in other things he can swallow a camel! (Matthew 23:24.) It is a bad symptom of any man's state of soul, when he begins to put the second things in religion in the first place — and the first things in the second; or the things ordained by man — above the things ordained by God. Let us beware of falling into this state of mind.

How the passage was read

On Luke 6:1-11

On Luke 6:1-11

Luke's Sabbath pair, with the act named

Luke sets the two Sabbath collisions side by side and preserves the concrete detail: the disciples plucked ears of grain, “rubbing them in their hands” (6:1). The rubbing is the point of the objection: in the tradition's categories of forbidden Sabbath labor (thirty-nine of them, listed in Mishnah Shabbat 7:2), plucking counted as reaping and rubbing out the kernels as threshing. Deuteronomy 23:25 expressly permits eating from a neighbor's standing grain, so theft was never the charge; the developing oral law's categories were. The full exposition is in this site's Matthew 12 note.

In the withered-hand scene that follows, the watchers stand on a real distinction of their own law: mortal danger overrides the Sabbath (Mishnah Yoma 8:6), but a chronic condition can wait a day. Jesus heals by a word, an act no category of labor can name, and puts the question that reframes the day itself: “Is it lawful on the sabbath days to do good, or to do evil? to save life, or to destroy it?”

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Sources: Mishnah Shabbat 7:2 (the thirty-nine categories) · Mishnah Yoma 8:6 (danger to life overrides the Sabbath)

The words behind it

11 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Mark 2:27

    Then Jesus declared, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath.

    it leads to

    • Colossians 2:16

      Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath.

    • Luke 6:9

      Then Jesus said to them, “I ask you, which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy it?”

    • Deuteronomy 5:14

      but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God, on which you must not do any work—neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant, nor your ox…

    • Ezekiel 20:12

      I also gave them My Sabbaths as a sign between us, so that they would know that I am the LORD who sanctifies them.

    • Isaiah 58:13

      If you turn your foot from breaking the Sabbath, from doing as you please on My holy day, if you call the Sabbath a delight, and the LORD’s holy day honorable, if you honor…

  • Through

    Revelation 1:10

    On the Lord’s day I was in the Spirit, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet,

    it leads to

    • Revelation 21:10

      And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,

    • Revelation 4:1–2

      After this I looked and saw a door standing open in heaven. And the voice I had previously heard speak to me like a trumpet was saying, “Come up here, and I will show…

  • Through

    Mark 9:7

    Then a cloud appeared and enveloped them, and a voice came from the cloud: “This is My beloved Son. Listen to Him!”

    it leads to

    • 2 Peter 1:17

      For He received honor and glory from God the Father when the voice came to Him from the Majestic Glory, saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.”

Where this verse is studied

About Luke

The Return of the Prodigal Son, Rembrandt, about 1668. Public domain.
The Return of the Prodigal Son, Rembrandt, about 1668. Public domain.
This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Ambrose of Milan, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bede, On the Gospel of Luke; Bonaventure, Commentary on Luke, Chapter 6; Epiphanius of Salamis, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Tertullian, Against Marcion Book IV and Theophylact of Ohrid, Catena Aurea by Aquinas.