Nehemiah9chapter 9

a.Thou, even thou, art Lord alone: The recital opens where Genesis opens: Thou, even thou, art Lord alone, the maker of heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth, the seas and everything in them, and the one who preserves it all in being. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown read the order as deliberate, adoration of God as creator, preserver and governor coming before any word of confession, since the size of the sin can only be measured against the size of the God sinned against. Adam Clarke takes the host of heaven worshipping thee to mean the created order itself giving God its due, life sustained by the same hand that first gave it. A prayer about a broken covenant begins by naming who holds the world together regardless of what the covenant partner has done.

a.out of Ur of the Chaldees: The prayer moves from creation straight to election: the Lord who chose Abram, brought him out of Ur of the Chaldees, and renamed him Abraham, the covenant beginning in one man's calling rather than a nation's merit. Matthew Henry reads the choosing as free grace glorified, since nothing in Abraham himself explains why this man rather than another became the father of many nations. Verse eight adds the covenant's ground, a heart God found faithful, and its promised outcome, a land named by its peoples, the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Jebusites and Girgashites. The verse closes on for thou art righteous, the prayer's first direct address to God's character and the note it will keep returning to.

a.by the Red sea: Three verses retell the exodus in the order Exodus itself gives it: the affliction seen and the cry heard at the Red sea, then the signs and wonders on Pharaoh and his servants that made God's name what it is to this day, then the sea itself divided so Israel crossed on dry ground while their pursuers went down like a stone into the mighty waters. Gill ties each clause back to its narrative source, the cry of Exodus 14:10, the pride of Exodus 18:11, the crossing of Exodus 14:21, treating the prayer as a compressed reading of the book its hearers already knew by heart. The retelling compresses a whole narrative into three verses, deliverance here a set of specific acts the assembly is expected to recognize one by one. The persecutors' fate closes the exodus movement of the prayer before Sinai opens the next.

a.by a cloudy pillar: By day a pillar of cloud and by night a pillar of fire light the way through a trackless wilderness, guidance arriving before any law does. Then the Lord comes down on Sinai and speaks from heaven, giving right judgments, true laws, and good statutes and commandments, the giving of law following the giving of guidance rather than replacing it. Matthew Henry calls the law very good, founded on natural equity rather than the will of the lawgiver alone, judicial precepts as sound as the moral ones. Keil reads the descent upon Sinai as the act that turned a delivered people into a covenant nation, guidance and law together forming one continuous history.

a.unto them thy holy sabbath: The sabbath is made known as something Israel did not already have, a rest peculiar to this people among the nations, given by the hand of Moses along with precepts, statutes and laws. Adam Clarke notes that the sabbath appears to be the commandment the people had let slip first, during the sojourn in Egypt, so its naming here recovers what slavery had worn away before the law formally restored it. Bread from heaven for their hunger and water from the rock for their thirst answer the body's needs while the promise of the land answers its hope, provision and promise given in the same breath. Gill reads the promise as sworn twice over, to the fathers and to their children, so the land stood certain even while the people wandered without it.

a.dealt proudly, and hardened their necks: But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks: two verses catalogue a straight refusal, wonders forgotten, and a rebellion that went so far as to appoint a captain to return to their bondage rather than go on to the land. Matthew Henry reads the wilderness generation's sin as choosing slavery, and the garlic and onions that came with it, over the liberty God was leading them toward at real cost. Then the sentence the whole prayer turns on: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not, the Lord's own self description at Sinai in Exodus 34 prayed back to him across a thousand years of failure. Charles Spurgeon preached this verse under the title A God Ready to Pardon, pointing hearers who could find no plea for mercy in themselves to look instead for a plea in the nature and character of God.

a.made them a molten calf: Yea, when they had made them a molten calf: the prayer names the specific sin without softening it, an idol fashioned in open defiance while Moses was still on the mountain receiving the law just given. Gill reads the calf as Israel's copy of the Egyptian Apis, the very idolatry of the land they had just been carried out of, adopted within weeks of their deliverance from it. The people call the image this is thy god that brought thee up out of Egypt, crediting an object of their own making with an act only the Lord had performed. The verse names this and the rebellion around it great provocations, the prayer's own word for sin large enough to test whether pardon can reach it.

a.forsookest them not in the wilderness: Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness: even after the calf, the pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night keep leading, mercy continuing to guide people who had just tried to walk back into slavery. Adam Clarke reads the unbroken presence of the pillar as one of three settled functions it kept through the wilderness years, guide by day, light and rallying point by night, never withdrawn for the sin just confessed. Verse twenty adds a second unbroken gift: thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst, instruction named alongside bread and water as something the generation was fed. John Wesley reads the statutes already given as founded on natural equity, so the good spirit's instruction in these verses continues teaching a law sound from the start rather than correcting a broken one.

a.their clothes waxed not old: Forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing: the prayer names the plain fact of survival across a full generation in terrain that could not feed itself. Their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not closes the verse with the specific detail Deuteronomy 8:4 had already recorded, a small mercy Gill reads as evidence that God's care reached even the wearing of a garment. The forty years measure the length of the sentence passed in Numbers fourteen played out in full, yet even the sentence is carried on undiminished provision. The confession names this sustenance as gift throughout, provision given while the generation itself experienced only wandering.

a.didst divide them into corners: Four verses carry the conquest at speed: kingdoms and nations given and divided into corners, Sihon of Heshbon and Og of Bashan named as the first two possessed, children multiplied as the stars of heaven fulfilling the promise made to Abraham, and then the land itself entered and its inhabitants subdued. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown read the corners as tribal allotments, a whole territory once held by many rulers redistributed to one people. They took strong cities, a fat land, houses full of goods, wells already dug, vineyards and olive trees already bearing, so that they did eat, were filled, and delighted themselves in thy great goodness, an inheritance rather than a wage. Gill traces the multiplied children directly to Genesis 15:5, the star promise made to Abraham now counted in the six hundred thousand who left Egypt and the greater number who entered Canaan.

a.cast thy law behind their backs: Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their backs: the prayer's verbs turn from gift to refusal in a single verse, the conquest generation's inheritance answered by the next generation's contempt. The verse names the cost paid by those sent to call them back: they slew thy prophets which testified against them to turn them to thee, martyrdom folded between two larger sins in one clause. Matthew Henry reads the prophets' whole assignment as bringing the people back to God's law rather than to the prophets themselves, so their killing struck at the summons itself, the messenger only carrying it. The verse closes where it began, and they wrought great provocations, the same phrase the calf earned at verse eighteen now applied to the settled land.

a.gavest them saviours, who saved them: Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their enemies begins a rhythm the book of Judges already told in full: trouble, a cry, and saviours raised up who saved them out of the hand of their enemies according to God's manifold mercies rather than their merit. Gill names the pattern's actors without needing to, the Othniels, Ehuds, Baraks and Gideons whose stories fill Judges, compressed here into deliveredst and gavest them saviours. Verse twenty-eight repeats the cycle in miniature, rest bought with deliverance and then evil again before thee, so that the deliverance itself becomes the occasion for the next relapse. Adeney reads the whole cycle as the prayer's own commentary on Judges, history read back as a record of how quickly rest turned to relapse.

a.withdrew the shoulder, and hardened: And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law names the purpose behind every warning: not punishment for its own sake but recovery for the nation. Adam Clarke reckons the years of forbearance mainly against the ten tribes, some two hundred and fifty years of prophetic warning by thy spirit in thy prophets before Shalmaneser's captivity brought it to an end. Yet thou didst not utterly consume them, nor forsake them closes the section on the same note the prayer opened with, for thou art a gracious and merciful God, Sinai's own self description holding through Assyria's conquest and Babylon's alike. Gill reads the survivors left in the land and the favor found by the exiles among their captors as the proof this verse claims for itself.

a.the great, the mighty, and the terrible: Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and mercy opens the prayer's turn from history to petition, the same titles used of God at Sinai now invoked to ask that he not treat their present trouble as a small thing. John Wesley reads the added word mercy as necessary because the covenant alone gave no ground for hope after it had been so often broken, Israel appealing past its own failure to God's free mercy instead. The trouble named spans every rank in one sentence, kings, princes, priests, prophets and fathers, and covers the whole span since the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day, centuries of national suffering gathered into one plea. Adam Clarke reads the ordered list as the whole of civil and religious society named in its proper rank, disturbed order itself part of what the prayer is confessing.

a.thou hast done right: Howbeit thou art just in all that is brought upon us turns the confession fully around, ending in the admission that follows: for thou hast done right, but we have done wickedly. John Wesley reads this as the posture providence always requires, justifying God under its rebukes however sharp or long continued, and owning that the punishment fell short of what the sin deserved. Verse thirty-four spreads the failure across every office already named, kings, princes, priests and fathers alike failing to keep the law, and verse thirty-five adds the sharper point, that even in their own kingdom, in the fat land God had given them, they did not serve him or turn from their wicked works. Gill reads the justice claim as total, God keeping his word faithfully while every rank of the nation transgressed the law meant to govern it.

a.we are servants this day: Behold, we are servants this day drops the prayer out of history into the present tense without warning, the whole recital of creation, Abraham, Egypt and conquest arriving at a people back in their own land and still not free in it. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown note the irony directly, restoration to the land has not ended their tribute to a foreign prince, whose officers still rule them there. Verse thirty-seven names the mechanism, the land's own increase flowing to the kings set over them for their sins, dominion held over their bodies and their cattle at another's pleasure rather than their own. Adeney reads the closing line, and we are in great distress, as the confession's whole point, honesty offered as the covenant's only remaining ground.

a.make a sure covenant, and write: And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it turns generations of confession into a single legal act, the recital's whole argument now committed to a document rather than left as speech. Adam Clarke reads the sealing by princes, Levites and priests as evidence of a mixed government already in place, nobles handling the civil side and priests and Levites the religious, both putting their names to the same promise. Keil reads the covenant as the confession's necessary next step, binding a community that had just admitted centuries of failure to conduct it could still choose to keep. The chapter that opened in fasting and sackcloth closes with ink and seals, and the list of names the covenant carries becomes chapter ten's own business.