Skip to content
mannafest.faith
1 Peter

Summary

Chapter summary

Long, 'as newborn babes,' for the spiritual milk which is without guile. Coming to Christ, a living stone rejected of men but with God elect and precious, 'ye also, as living stones, are built up a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood'. And three stone texts are stacked: Isaiah 28's corner stone, Psalm 118's 'stone which the builders rejected,' Isaiah 8's rock of offence. Then the church's charter, borrowed from Sinai and Hosea: 'ye are an elect race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God's own possession' (2:9). And then Isaiah 53 pours through: 'who his own self bare our sins in his body upon the tree… by whose stripes ye were healed.'

Context

Epistle · Peter1 Peter overview

  • A. 1–10 Living Stones Built on the Stone Men Rejected
  • B. 11–17 Sojourners Living Well Among the Nations
  • C. 18–25 He Left Us Steps to Follow in Suffering

The outline

  1. A.Living Stones Built on the Stone Men Rejectedvv. 1 to 10

    Read vv. 1 to 10
  2. B.Sojourners Living Well Among the Nationsvv. 11 to 17

    Read vv. 11 to 17
  3. C.He Left Us Steps to Follow in Sufferingvv. 18 to 25

    Read vv. 18 to 25

Threads

Each of these runs on past this chapter. The passage you have just read is marked.

Suffering, then glory

Pattern

1 Peter reads the whole Christian life on the shape the prophets searched out: the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should follow. Every chapter of the letter walks its readers through the fire toward the far side of it.

Peter writes to churches entering Nero's decade, and he does not promise escape; he promises sequence. Because the pattern is Christ's own, suffering for the name is not a sign that grace failed but the road glory has always taken.

  1. 1 Peter 1:11

    The prophets' own study

    The Spirit of Christ in them testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should follow.

  2. 1 Peter 2:21 you are here

    Leaving us an example

    Christ also suffered for us, that ye should follow his steps.

  3. 1 Peter 3:18

    The just for the unjust

    Christ also hath once suffered for sins, that he might bring us to God.

  4. 1 Peter 4:13

    Partakers of Christ's sufferings

    When his glory shall be revealed, ye may be glad also with exceeding joy.

  5. 1 Peter 5:10

    After ye have suffered a while

    The God of all grace, who hath called us unto his eternal glory, make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you.

The stone which the builders refused

Pattern

A refused building stone becomes the head of the corner. The psalm sings it, Isaiah lays a tried stone in Zion, the Lord quotes the line of himself in the temple, Peter names the builders before the council, and his epistle joins both stone texts in a single paragraph.

The image carries the gospel's whole argument about rejection: the act of refusing the stone is the very thing that sets it at the head of the corner. Peter could stand before the council and say the scripture had happened in front of them.

  1. Psalms 118:22

    The stone which the builders refused

  2. Isaiah 28:16

    A tried stone laid in Zion

    A precious corner stone, a sure foundation.

  3. Matthew 21:42

    Did ye never read in the scriptures

    The Lord quotes the psalm of himself in the temple.

  4. Acts 4:11

    Peter names the builders

    Set at nought of you builders, said to the council itself.

  5. 1 Peter 2:6-7 you are here

    Both stone texts joined in one paragraph

A lamb to the slaughter

Pattern

Isaiah's servant is wounded for our transgressions, brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and numbered with the transgressors. Matthew, the Lord himself at the table, the Ethiopian's chariot, and Peter's epistle all quote the same song, each taking a different verse of it.

Acts shows the chapter doing its work inside the canon itself: the eunuch asks of whom speaketh the prophet this, and Philip began at the same scripture and preached unto him Jesus. The song became the church's first recorded sermon outline from Scripture.

  1. Isaiah 53:1-12

    The suffering servant's song

    Wounded for our transgressions; with his stripes we are healed.

  2. Matthew 8:17

    Himself took our infirmities

  3. Luke 22:37

    The Lord claims the verse at the table

    And he was reckoned among the transgressors: for the things concerning me have an end.

  4. Acts 8:32-35

    The Ethiopian's question answered

    Philip began at the same scripture, and preached unto him Jesus.

  5. 1 Peter 2:24-25 you are here

    By whose stripes ye were healed

The world behind this chapter

1 Peter 2
When
The years just before Nero's persecution · c. AD 62–64
Where
Instructions about the church as a temple, and about living under the emperor and under masters
Who first heard it
Believers with no temple of their own, many of them household slaves

The history

Building in stone was skilled, visible work. Blocks were quarried, dressed, and tested, and the cornerstone set the line for every course above it — get it wrong and the whole wall runs crooked. Stones that would not fit the line were thrown aside by the builders as rejects.

Calling the readers a priesthood was a startling move. In their world a priesthood meant a building, an altar, a hereditary family, and animals. Peter gives them a house made of people, sacrifices made of conduct and praise, and priesthood for everybody in the room including the slaves.

The instruction to honor the emperor was written while Nero ruled. It sits inside a sentence that also says to fear God — the honor given to Caesar is real and it is not worship, and putting them in the same line drew the boundary.

Household slaves are addressed directly, which almost no ancient writer did. The reference to being beaten for doing right was not hypothetical; a master could beat a slave legally and at will, and a slave who had joined a foreign religion was an obvious target.

What it meant to them

For congregations with no building, no priest, and no sacrifices, being told they were the building, the priesthood, and the offering answered the accusation that they were not a real religion at all.

For slaves being struck for their faith, the chapter's answer is the one thing that could carry them: he suffered without threatening back, and left them a pattern to walk in.

Sources cited

  • Seneca, Moral Letters to Lucilius
  • Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament

Every work MannaFest builds on →

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on 1 Peter 2. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

Connections from this chapter

v. 7 · Quoted here

'the stone which the builders disallowed': Peter, the living-stone passage.

Psalms 118:22

The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.

public-domain commentaries in agreement

v. 9 · A picture of Christ

The Sinai/Mosaic vocation 'a kingdom of priests, an holy nation' (Exod 19:6) is applied directly to the church - a royal priesthood.

Exodus 19:6

And unto Me you shall be a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you are to speak to the Israelites.”

text

v. 22 · An echo of this verse · Quoted here

'Neither was guile found in his mouth' applies the Servant Song to the suffering Christ; scores on all seven Hays criteria

Isaiah 53:9

He was assigned a grave with the wicked, and with a rich man in His death, although He had done no violence, nor was any deceit in His mouth.

Beale-Carson

v. 24 · The same word

'Who his own self bare our sins in his body upon the tree (xylon)' - Peter's deliberate xylon, echoing Deut 21 and Isa 53. Crossing-point into the Scarlet Thread feature (same G3586 door).

Galatians 3:13

Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.”

public-domain quotation; G3586

v. 24 · A picture of Christ · Quoted, with an echo

The pierced Servant; Peter applies 'by his stripes ye were healed'; Calvin reads Isa 53 christologically

Isaiah 53:5

But He was pierced for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed.

Calvin, Comm. Isaiah (Pringle, CTS, PD)

v. 25 · An echo of this verse

'All we like sheep have gone astray... returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls': near-verbatim, inside the 1 Pet 2:22-25 cluster

Isaiah 53:6

We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him the iniquity of us all.

1 Pet 2:25 reworking Isa 53:6; Laniak 2006

This page draws on 9 works.

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Isaiah; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 118; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.