Romans 9:23
in Romans 9What if He did this to make the riches of His glory known to the vessels of His mercy, whom He prepared in advance for glory—
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
and that he might make known the riches of his glory upon vessels of mercy, which he afore prepared unto glory,
KJV
And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,
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This verse in Romans 9
Commentary
18 notes on this verseAnd he also makes known "the riches of his glory upon vessels of mercy, which he prepared unto glory." The riches of God become known when his mercy is shown toward those who are despised among men and are lowly, who hope not in their own riches nor in their own power, but in the Lord.
This site's exposition
the vessels of His wrath
on Romans 9:22-24
God bore the vessels of His wrath with great patience and prepared the vessels of His mercy in advance for glory. The patience serves to make known the riches of His glory. Those called include Jews and Gentiles together, the company Paul is writing to.
This site's exposition
the riches of His glory
Augustine reads the verse as the display of grace itself. Giving to some what none deserved shows the gift is free, and withholding it shows what all deserved. Origen sees the riches of glory made known on those whom men despise.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
It is God's patience and long-suffering that, just as he prepares the wicked for destruction, so also he prepares the good for their reward. For the good are those who have the hope of faith. God preserves everyone knowing what the destiny of each will …
In giving to some what they did not deserve God obviously wanted his grace to be gratuitous and therefore genuinely grace, and in not giving it to all he showed what all deserved. He is good in the benefit given to certain people and just in the punishment of others but good in all things, for it is good when that which is deserved is given, and just in all things, as it is just when that which is not merited is given without injury to anyone.
A commentator
Origen of AlexandriaCOMMENTARY ON THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS · Written before 253.
proposed
And again, "upon vessels of mercy" — that is, upon those who have cleansed themselves from every stain of sin, from which "no one is clean, not even if his life has been of a single day" — he makes known the riches of his glory: which vessels he prepared unto glory not by some unreasoning or fortuitous grace, but because they had themselves purged themselves of the aforesaid stains.
We who were vessels of wrath through our first birth have deserved to become vessels of mercy through the second one. The first birth brought us forth unto death, but the second one recalled us to life. All of us were temples of the devil …
"What if God, willing to show His wrath, and to make His power known, endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction: and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had afore prepared unto glory, even us, whom He hath chosen, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles." What he means is somewhat as follows. Pharaoh was a vessel of wrath, that is, a man who by his own hard-heartedness had kindled the wrath of God. For after enjoying much long-suffering, he became no better, but remained unimproved. Wherefore he calleth him not only "a vessel of wrath," but also one "fitted for destruction." That is, fully fitted indeed, but by his own proper self. For neither had God left out aught of the things likely to recover him, nor did he leave out aught of those that would ruin him, and put him beyond any forgiveness. Yet still, though God knew this, "He endured him with much long-suffering," being willing to bring him to repentance. For had He not willed this, then He would not have been thus long-suffering. But as he would not use the long-suffering in order to repentance, but fully fitted himself for wrath, He used him for the correction of others, through the punishment inflicted upon him making them better, and in this way setting forth His power. For that it is not God's wish that His power be so made known, but in another way, by His benefits, namely, and kindnesses, he had shown above in all possible ways. For if Paul does not wish to appear powerful in this way ("not that we should appear approved," he says, "but that ye should do that which is honest"), much less doth God. […]
10 more voices on this verse
The Medieval Church2 voices
Then on the part of the good he likewise sets out three things. First, the end, when he says that he might show the riches of his glory. For the end of the election and mercy shown the good is that he might manifest in …
Just as by punishing him who had become a vessel of wrath by his own choice, God showed His power, so by having mercy on many who had sinned but had become worthy of mercy — the Gentiles — He manifested "the riches of His …
The Puritans and the Awakening4 voices
That he might make known - What if by showing such longsuffering even to "the vessels of wrath," he did the more abundantly show the greatness of his glorious goodness, wisdom, and power, on the vessels of mercy; on those whom he had himself, by his grace, prepared for glory.
God makes known his glory, this goodness of his, in the preservation and supply of all the creatures: the earth is full of his goodness, and the year crowned with it; but when he would demonstrate the riches of his goodness, unsearchable riches, he does it in the salvation of the saints, that will be to eternity glorious monuments of divine grace.
The spring of all the joy and glory of heaven is that mercy of God which endures for ever. Vessels of honour must to eternity own themselves vessels of mercy. Observe, First, What he designs in them: To make known the riches of his glory, that is, of his goodness; for God's goodness is his greatest glory, especially when it is communicated with the greatest sovereignty.
And that he might make known the riches of his glory,.... That is, his glorious riches, the perfections of his nature, his love, grace, and mercy, his wisdom, power, faithfulness, justice, and holiness; all which are most evidently displayed in the salvation of his people, here called vessels of mercy, which he hath afore prepared unto glory.
The Nineteenth Century4 voices
And that he might make known - God endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath: 1. To show his wrath, and to make his power known. And also, 2. That he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy. Which he had afore prepared unto glory - The Jews were fitted for destruction long before; but the fittest time to destroy them was after he had prepared the believing Gentiles unto glory. For the rod of the Messiah’s strength was to be sent out of Zion, Psa 110:
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy--that "glorious exuberance of Divine mercy" which "was manifested in choosing and eternally arranging for the salvation of sinners."
IT is with no view to controversy that I have selected this text, but for a far higher and more practical purpose, namely, that by this Truth of God, many of us may search ourselves, and that we may be able to discover whether we have any of the marks of the vessels of mercy which God has prepared beforehand for glory. We must take the next verse to complete our text—"even us, whom He called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles." The context invites us to visit the potter's house.
IT is with no view to controversy that I have selected this text, but for a far higher and more practical purpose, namely, that by this Truth of God, many of us may search ourselves, and that we may be able to discover whether we have any of the marks of the vessels of mercy which God has prepared beforehand for glory. We must take the next verse to complete our text—"even us, whom He called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles." The context invites us to visit the potter's house. There, in the workshop, you perceive sundry vessels in process of formation. The wheel is revolving, and from it you see continually taken, vessels of an ignoble sort, fitted only for the very meanest purposes. On the other hand, from the same clay you see produced vessels that might grace the palace of a king—vessels of honor fit for honorable purposes. We now conduct you to a greater workshop—to the Great Potter's house of Providence. Continually revolving is the wheel of circumstances; men, like masses of clay, are placed upon it, but they are not all fashioned alike. There are some men who are evidently to the casual observer, vessels not adapted for the high and honorable occupations of Heaven and glory. There are men who, every time the wheel revolves, become worse in character and more depraved in mind; there are men who, by the very Providence which is blessed to others, become more complete adepts in iniquity and masters in crime. On the other hand, with pleasure you may perceive that on the same wheel there are some vessels, which, touched by the skillful hand of the Great Potter, are being daily more and more finished and completed and you can soon perceive that they are not of the same sort as those we have just now passed by. They are intended for higher uses and nobler purposes.
The words behind it
15 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | kai | also | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἵνα | ina | that | G2443 → | 668 times |
| γνωρίσῃ | gnorise | He may make known | G1107 → | |
| τὸν | ton | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| πλοῦτον | plouton | riches | G4149 → | 22 times |
| τῆς | tes | of the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| δόξης | doxes | glory | G1391 → | 165 times |
| αὐτοῦ | autou | of Him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| ἐπὶ | epi | upon | G1909 → | 883 times |
| σκεύη | skeue | [the] vessels | G4632 → | 23 times |
| ἐλέους | eleous | of mercy | G1656 → | 27 times |
| ἃ | ha | which | G3739 → | 1405 times |
| προητοίμασεν | proetoimasen | He prepared beforehand | G4282 → | |
| εἰς | eis | for | G1519 → | 1755 times |
| δόξαν; | doxan | glory? | G1391 → | 165 times |
καὶalso
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἵναthat
inaG2443 →668 times
γνωρίσῃHe may make known
gnoriseG1107 →
τὸνthe
tonG3588 →19766 times
πλοῦτονriches
ploutonG4149 →22 times
τῆςof the
tesG3588 →19766 times
δόξηςglory
doxesG1391 →165 times
αὐτοῦof Him
autouG846 →5565 times
ἐπὶupon
epiG1909 →883 times
σκεύη[the] vessels
skeueG4632 →23 times
ἐλέουςof mercy
eleousG1656 →27 times
ἃwhich
haG3739 →1405 times
προητοίμασενHe prepared beforehand
proetoimasenG4282 →
εἰςfor
eisG1519 →1755 times
δόξαν;glory?
doxanG1391 →165 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Ephesians 3:16I ask that out of the riches of His glory He may strengthen you with power through His Spirit in your inner being,
it leads to
- Colossians 1:11
being strengthened with all power according to His glorious might so that you may have full endurance and patience, and joyfully
- Philippians 4:13
I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength.
- Isaiah 40:29–31
He gives power to the faint and increases the strength of the weak.
- Isaiah 41:10
Do not fear, for I am with you; do not be afraid, for I am your God. I will strengthen you; I will surely help you; I will uphold you with My right hand…
- Colossians 1:11
Through
Colossians 1:27To them God has chosen to make known among the Gentiles the glorious riches of this mystery, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory.
it leads to
- John 14:20
On that day you will know that I am in My Father, and you are in Me, and I am in you.
- Romans 8:10
But if Christ is in you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive because of righteousness.
- Ephesians 3:16–17
I ask that out of the riches of His glory He may strengthen you with power through His Spirit in your inner being,
- 1 John 4:4
You, little children, are from God and have overcome them, because greater is He who is in you than he who is in the world.
- John 14:20
Where this verse is studied
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About Romans

This page draws on 15 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Epistle to the Romans; Ambrosiaster, COMMENTARY ON PAUL'S EPISTLES; Augustine of Hippo, GIFT OF PERSEVERANCE 12.28; Caesarius of Arles, SERMON 229; Charles Spurgeon, The New Park Street Pulpit, Sermon No. 327: “Vessels Of Mercy—A Sermon Of Self-Examination” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Frederic Godet, Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Homily on Romans 16; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Origen of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Romans and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Romans.
