Psalms 78:51
in Psalms 78He struck all the firstborn of Egypt, the virility in the tents of Ham.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And smote all the first-born in Egypt, The chief of their strength in the tents of Ham.
KJV
And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:
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This verse in Psalms 78
Commentary
8 notes on this verseAnd smote all the firstborn in Egypt,.... From the prince to the peasant; and not only the firstborn of men, but of beasts also, Exo 12:29, the chief of their strength; or first of it, as the firstborn is called, Gen 49:3, in the tabernacles of Ham; in the several cities, towns, villages, and houses of the Egyptians, the descendants of cursed Ham; for Mizraim, from whom the Egyptians have their name, and from whence they sprung, was a son of Ham's, Gen 10:
The record, by era
The Church Fathers1 voice
I say then of these crooked and embittering persons, "How often they exasperated Him in the desert, and provoked Him to wrath in the waterless place!" [Psalm 78:40]. "And they turned themselves and tempted God, and exasperated the Holy One of Israel" [Psalm 78:41]. He is repeating that same unbelief of theirs, of which He had made mention above. But the reason of the repetition is, in order that there may be mentioned also the plagues which He inflicted on the Egyptians for their sakes: all which things they certainly ought to have remembered, and not to be ungrateful. Lastly, there follows what? "They remembered not His hands, in the day when He redeemed them from the hand of the troubler" [Psalm 78:42]. And he begins to speak of what things He did to the Egyptians: "He set in Egypt His signs, and His prodigies in the plain of Thanis" [Psalm 78:43]: "and He turned their rivers into blood, and their showers lest they should drink" [Psalm 78:44], or rather, "the flowings of waters," as some do better understand by what is written in Greek, τὰ ὀμβρήματα, which in Latin we call scaturigines, waters bubbling from beneath. "He sent upon them the dog-fly, and it ate them up; and the frog, and it destroyed them" [Psalm 78:45]. "And He gave their fruit to the mildew, and their labours to the locust" [Psalm 78:46]. "And He slew with hail their vineyards, and their mulberry trees with frost" [Psalm 78:47]. "And He gave over to the hail their beasts of burden, and their possessions to the fire" [Psalm 78:48]. "He sent upon them the anger of His indignation, indignation and anger and tribulation, a visitation through evil angels" [Psalm 78:49]. He made a way to the course of His anger, and their beasts of burden He shut up in death [Psalm 78:50]. "And He smote every first-born thing in the land of Egypt, the first-fruits of their labours in the tabernacles of Cham" [Psalm 78:51].
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
), the chief of their strength, the hopes of their respective families; children are the parents' strength, and the first-born the chief of their strength. Thus, because Israel was precious in God's sight, he gave men for them and people for their life, Isa. xliii.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
He made a way, or (as the word is) he weighed a path, to his anger. He did not cast it upon them uncertainly, but by weight. His anger was weighed with the greatest exactness in the balances of justice; for, in his greatest displeasure, he never did, nor ever will do, any wrong to any of his creatures: the path of his anger is always weighed.
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2723: “God's Dealings With Egypt and Israel” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
THERE is a very sharp line of division here between the Egyptians and the Lord's own people, and that line of division always has existed and always will, for all attempts to blend the seed of the serpent with the seed of the woman must fail. Between the Church and the world, however debased the Church may become, and however reformed the world may be, there will still be a clear distinction even until the end—and that distinction will be seen in the day of the appearing of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, when "before Him shall be gathered all nations: and He shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divides his sheep from the goats: and He shall set the sheep on His right hand, but the goats on the left." At the present moment, in this congregation, though no human eye can read all our characters, there is a clear division among us who are here. If some infallible "teller" could now divide the house into Yeses and Noes, separating those who are on God's side from those who are not, the spectacle would be a very striking one. I pray that each one's own conscience may, at least in some measure, make that division and that we may all think within ourselves whether we fear the God of Israel or do not fear Him—whether we are for Him or against Him—for you can be well assured that as God dealt with Egypt of old, so will He deal with all His adversaries! And as He dealt with Israel of old, so will He deal with all His own people. The "parable" (for that is the expression with which the Psalm begins), will be written out again in history, and be repeated, enlarged and intensified throughout eternity. God has made an everlasting distinction between those who fear Him and those who fear Him not—and that distinction will be seen in His dealings with the children of men.
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2723: “God's Dealings With Egypt and Israel” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
THERE is a very sharp line of division here between the Egyptians and the Lord's own people, and that line of division always has existed and always will, for all attempts to blend the seed of the serpent with the seed of the woman must fail.
2 more voices on this verse
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
And smote all the firstborn in Egypt. No exceptions were made, the monarch bewailed his heir as did the menial at the mill. They smote the Lord's firstborn, even Israel, and he smites theirs. The chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham. Swinging his scythe over the field, death topped off the highest flowers. The tents of Ham knew each one its own peculiar sorrow, and were made to sympathise with the sorrows which had been ruthlessly inflicted upon the habitations of Israel. Thus curses come home to roost.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
And smote all the firstborn in Egypt - See Exo 11:4-5; Exo 12:29-30. The chief of their strength - Those on whom they relied; their firstborn; their pride; their glory; their heirs. Compare Gen 49:3. In the tabernacles of Ham - The tents; the dwelling-places of Ham; that is, of Egypt. Compare Gen 10:6; Psa 105:23, Psa 105:27; Psa 106:22,
The words behind it
8 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיַּ֣ךְ | vaiyakh | and he struck down | H5221 → | 499 times |
| כָּל־ | kol- | every | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| בְּכ֣וֹר | bekhor | firstborn | H1060 → | 122 times |
| בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם | bemitzrayim | in Egypt | H4714 → | 641 times |
| רֵאשִׁ֥ית | reshit | [the] beginning of | H7225 → | 51 times |
| א֝וֹנִ֗ים | ʾonim | manly vigor<s> | H202 → | |
| בְּאָהֳלֵי־ | beoholei- | in [the] tents of | H168 → | 345 times |
| חָֽם׃ | cham | Ham | H2526 → | 16 times |
וַיַּ֣ךְand he struck down
vaiyakhH5221 →499 times
כָּל־every
kol-H3605 →5413 times
בְּכ֣וֹרfirstborn
bekhorH1060 →122 times
בְּמִצְרָ֑יִםin Egypt
bemitzrayimH4714 →641 times
רֵאשִׁ֥ית[the] beginning of
reshitH7225 →51 times
א֝וֹנִ֗יםmanly vigor<s>
ʾonimH202 →
בְּאָהֳלֵי־in [the] tents of
beoholei-H168 →345 times
חָֽם׃Ham
chamH2526 →16 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Psalms 136:10He struck down the firstborn of Egypt His loving devotion endures forever.
it leads to
- Psalms 135:8
He struck down the firstborn of Egypt, of both man and beast.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Exodus 12:29
Now at midnight the LORD struck down every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon,…
- Psalms 135:8
Through
Psalms 135:8He struck down the firstborn of Egypt, of both man and beast.
it leads to
- Exodus 12:12
On that night I will pass through the land of Egypt and strike down every firstborn male, both man and beast, and I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt. I am…
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Psalms 105:36
Then He struck all the firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their vigor.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Psalms 136:10
He struck down the firstborn of Egypt His loving devotion endures forever.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Exodus 12:12
Through
Psalms 105:36Then He struck all the firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their vigor.
it leads to
- Hebrews 11:28
By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of blood, so that the destroyer of the firstborn would not touch Israel’s own firstborn.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Hebrews 11:28
Through
Psalms 105:23Then Israel entered Egypt; Jacob dwelt in the land of Ham.
it leads to
- Acts 7:11–15
Then famine and great suffering swept across Egypt and Canaan, and our fathers could not find food.
- Acts 13:17
The God of the people of Israel chose our fathers. He made them into a great people during their stay in Egypt, and with an uplifted arm He led them out of that land.
- Acts 7:11–15
Where this verse is studied
On this page
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About Psalms

Who and where
1 name in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 78; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2723: “God's Dealings With Egypt and Israel” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 3; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
