Psalms 78:38
in Psalms 78And yet He was compassionate; He forgave their iniquity and did not destroy them. He often restrained His anger and did not unleash His full wrath.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
But he, being merciful, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: Yea, many a time turned he his anger away, And did not stir up all his wrath.
KJV
But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath.
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This verse in Psalms 78
Commentary
10 notes on this verseBut he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not. Though they were full of flattery, he was full of mercy, and for this cause he had pity on them. Not because of their pitiful and hypocritical pretensions to penitence, but because of his own real compassion for them he overlooked their provocations. Yea, many a time turned he his anger away. When he had grown angry with them he withdrew his displeasure. Even unto seventy times seven did he forgive their offences. He was slow, very slow, to anger.
This site's exposition
they kept on sinning
on Psalms 78:32-39
They kept on sinning, and when He slew them they sought Him, then remembered that God was their Rock. Their repentance reached the mouth and stopped, and their hearts stayed disloyal to His covenant. He forgave them anyway, remembering they were flesh.
This site's exposition
He forgave their iniquity
The verb behind forgave is the Hebrew word for atonement, which Adam Clarke gave as made an atonement and Albert Barnes as covered over. Barnes also noted that often restrained is literally He multiplied to turn His anger away. The mercy was repeated as often as the sin.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers1 voice
"But He is Himself merciful, and will become propitious to their sins, and He will not destroy them. And He will abound to turn away His anger, and He will not kindle all his anger." By these words many men promise to themselves impunity for their iniquity from the Divine Mercy, even if they shall have persevered in being such, as that generation is described, "crooked and embittering; which hath not directed their heart, and the spirit thereof hath not been trusted with God:" with whom it is not profitable to agree. For if, to speak in their words, God will perchance not destroy no not even bad men, without doubt He will not destroy good men. Why then do we not rather choose that wherein there is no doubt? For they that lie to Him in their tongue, though their heart doth hold some other thing, do think indeed, and will, even God to be a liar, when He doth menace upon such men eternal punishment. But whilst they do not deceive Him with their lying, He doth not deceive them with speaking the truth. These words therefore of divine sayings, concerning which the crooked generation doth cajole itself, let it not make crooked like its own heart: for even when it is made crooked, they continue right. For at first they may be understood according to that which is written in the Gospel, "that ye may be like your Father who is in the Heavens, who maketh His sun to rise upon good men and evil men, and raineth upon just men and unjust men." For who could not see, how great is the long-suffering of mercy with which He is sparing evil men? […]
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
), and now, of late, had removed the judgments they had brought upon themselves, and brought them under a happy establishment both in church and state,
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
But he, being full of compassion,....
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
Though there were partial reformations after chastisement, and God, in pity, withdrew His hand for a time, yet their general conduct was rebellious, and He was thus provoked to waste and destroy them, by long and fruitless wandering in the desert.
But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not. Though they were full of flattery, he was full of mercy, and for this cause he had pity on them. Not because of their pitiful and hypocritical pretensions to penitence, but because of his own real compassion for them he overlooked their provocations. Yea, many a time turned he his anger away. When he had grown angry with them he withdrew his displeasure. Even unto seventy times seven did he forgive their offences. He was slow, very slow, to anger. The sword was uplifted and flashed in midair, but it was sheathed again, and the nation yet lived. Though not mentioned in the text, we know from the history that a mediator interposed, the man Moses stood in the gap; even so at this hour the Lord Jesus pleads for sinners, and averts the divine wrath. Many a barren tree is left standing because the dresser of the vineyard cries, "let it alone this year also." And did not stir up all his wrath. Had he done so they must have perished in a moment. When his wrath is kindled but a little men are burned up as chaff; but were he to let loose his indignation, the solid earth itself would melt, and hell would engulf every rebel. Who knoweth the power of thine anger, O Lord? We see the fulness of God's compassion, but we never see all his wrath.
2 more voices on this verse
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
But he, being full of compassion - Feeling for them as a father for his children. Forgave their iniquity - יחפר yechapper, made an atonement for their iniquity. And did not stir up all his wrath - Though they often grieved his Spirit, and rebelled against him, yet he seldom punished them; and when he did chastise them, it was as a tender and merciful Father. He did not stir up all his wrath - the punishment was much less than the iniquity deserved.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
But he, being full of compassion - literally, “But he, merciful,” That is, he was ready to forgive them. Forgave their iniquity - literally, Atoned for, expiated, covered over their iniquity. There is connected with the word the idea of expiation or atonement, as the ground of pardon. And destroyed them not - Did not cut them off in their repeated acts of rebellion. He bore with them, and spared them. Yea, many a time turned he his anger away - literally, He multiplied to turn his anger away. That is, he did it repeatedly. There were frequent occasions on their journey for doing this, and he did it. And did not stir up all his wrath - literally, Did not excite, or arouse all his anger. His anger was stayed or mitigated, and they were suffered still to live.
The words behind it
13 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וְה֤וּא | vehu' | and he | H1931 → | 1879 times |
| רַח֨וּם׀ | rachum | [was] compassionate | H7349 → | 13 times |
| יְכַפֵּ֥ר | yekhaper | he atoned for | H3722 → | 102 times |
| עָוֹן֮ | ʾavon | iniquity | H5771 → | 233 times |
| וְֽלֹא־ | velo'- | and not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית | yashchit | he destroyed [them] | H7843 → | 146 times |
| וְ֭הִרְבָּה | vehirbah | and he increased | H7235 → | 227 times |
| לְהָשִׁ֣יב | lehashiv | to turn back | H7725 → | 1056 times |
| אַפּ֑וֹ | ʾapo | anger his | H639 → | 276 times |
| וְלֹֽא־ | velo'- | and not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| יָ֝עִיר | yair | he stirred up | H5782 → | 80 times |
| כָּל־ | kol- | all | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| חֲמָתֽוֹ׃ | chamato | rage his | H2534 → | 125 times |
וְה֤וּאand he
vehu'H1931 →1879 times
רַח֨וּם׀[was] compassionate
rachumH7349 →13 times
יְכַפֵּ֥רhe atoned for
yekhaperH3722 →102 times
עָוֹן֮iniquity
ʾavonH5771 →233 times
וְֽלֹא־and not
velo'-H3808 →5168 times
יַ֫שְׁחִ֥יתhe destroyed [them]
yashchitH7843 →146 times
וְ֭הִרְבָּהand he increased
vehirbahH7235 →227 times
לְהָשִׁ֣יבto turn back
lehashivH7725 →1056 times
אַפּ֑וֹanger his
ʾapoH639 →276 times
וְלֹֽא־and not
velo'-H3808 →5168 times
יָ֝עִירhe stirred up
yairH5782 →80 times
כָּל־all
kol-H3605 →5413 times
חֲמָתֽוֹ׃rage his
chamatoH2534 →125 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Isaiah 48:9For the sake of My name I will delay My wrath; for the sake of My praise I will restrain it, so that you will not be cut off.
it leads to
- Psalms 79:9
Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of Your name; deliver us and atone for our sins, for the sake of Your name.
- Isaiah 37:35
‘I will defend this city and save it for My own sake and for the sake of My servant David.’”
- Psalms 143:11
For the sake of Your name, O LORD, revive me. In Your righteousness, bring my soul out of trouble.
- Psalms 106:8
Yet He saved them for the sake of His name, to make His power known.
- Psalms 25:11
For the sake of Your name, O LORD, forgive my iniquity, for it is great.
- Psalms 79:9
Through
Ezekiel 20:17Yet I looked on them with pity and did not destroy them or bring them to an end in the wilderness.
it leads to
- Ezekiel 11:13
Now as I was prophesying, Pelatiah son of Benaiah died. Then I fell facedown and cried out in a loud voice, “Oh, Lord GOD, will You bring the remnant of Israel to a complete…
- Jeremiah 4:27
For this is what the LORD says: “The whole land will be desolate, but I will not finish its destruction.
- Jeremiah 5:18
“Yet even in those days,” declares the LORD, “I will not make a full end of you.
- Ezekiel 11:13
Where this verse is studied
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About Psalms

This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 78; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 3; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Calvin, Commentary on the Book of Psalms; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
