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Exodus 21:2

in Exodus 21

If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free without paying anything.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

KJV

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

This verse in Exodus 21

Commentary

7 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

AGAINST JOVINIAN 2.25 · Written before 420.

We read that every Hebrew keeps the same Passover, and that in the seventh year every prisoner is set free, and that at Jubilee, that is, the fiftieth year, every possession returns to its owner. All this refers not to the present but to the future. For being in bondage during the six days of this world, on the seventh day, the true and eternal sabbath, we shall be free. If we wish to be free, we will be free even while still in bondage in the world.

This site's exposition

If you buy a Hebrew servant

on Exodus 21:2-4

The week of days is laid over a working life, and in the seventh year he goes “free without paying anything”. Deuteronomy 15:13 and 15:14 add that the master supplies him from flock and floor.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

If thou buy an Hebrew servant - Either sold by him or his parents through poverty, or by the Judges for his crimes, yet even such a one was to continue in slavery but seven years at the most.
If thou buy an Hebrew servant,....

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

If thou buy an Hebrew servant--Every Israelite was free-born; but slavery was permitted under certain restrictions. An Hebrew might be made a slave through poverty, debt, or crime; but at the end of six years he was entitled to freedom, and his wife, if she had voluntarily shared his state of bondage, also obtained release.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

If thou buy a Hebrew servant - Calmet enumerates six different ways in which a Hebrew might lose his liberty: 1. In extreme poverty they might sell their liberty. Lev 25:39: If thy brother be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee, etc. 2. A father might sell his children. If a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant; see Exo 21:7. 3. Insolvent debtors became the slaves of their creditors. My husband is dead - and the creditor is come to take unto him my two sons to be bondmen, 2Ki 4:1.
A Hebrew might be sold as a bondman in consequence either of debt Lev 25:39 or of the commission of theft Exo 22:3. But his servitude could not be enforced for more than six full years. Compare the marginal references.

The words behind it

11 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • כִּ֤יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • תִקְנֶה֙you will buy

    tiknehH7069 →

  • עֶ֣בֶדa slave

    ʾevedH5650 →799 times

  • עִבְרִ֔יHebrew

    ʾivriH5680 →34 times

  • שֵׁ֥שׁsix

    sheshH8337 →216 times

  • שָׁנִ֖יםyears

    shanimH8141 →877 times

  • יַעֲבֹ֑דhe will serve

    yaavodH5647 →288 times

  • וּבַ֨שְּׁבִעִ֔תand in the seventh [year]

    uvasheviitH7637 →98 times

  • יֵצֵ֥אhe will go out

    yetze'H3318 →1067 times

  • לַֽחָפְשִׁ֖יto <the> free [person]

    lachafeshiH2670 →17 times

  • חִנָּֽם׃without paying

    chinamH2600 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Deuteronomy 15:1

    At the end of every seven years you must cancel debts.

    it leads to

    • Deuteronomy 31:10

      Then Moses commanded them, “At the end of every seven years, at the appointed time in the year of remission of debt, during the Feast of Tabernacles,

    • Leviticus 25:2–4

      “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you enter the land that I am giving you, the land itself must observe a Sabbath to the LORD.

    • Exodus 23:10–11

      For six years you are to sow your land and gather its produce,

    • Luke 4:18–19

      “The Spirit of the Lord is on Me, because He has anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovery of sight…

  • Through

    Exodus 12:44

    But any slave who has been purchased may eat of it, after you have circumcised him.

    it leads to

    • Genesis 17:12–13

      Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring.

    • Genesis 17:23

      On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household or purchased with his money—every male among the members of Abraham’s household—and he circumcised them, just as God…

  • Through

    Deuteronomy 15:18

    Do not regard it as a hardship to set your servant free, because his six years of service were worth twice the wages of a hired hand. And the LORD your God will bless…

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 21:16

      For this is what the Lord says to me: “Within one year, as a hired worker would count it, all the glory of Kedar will be gone.

    • Luke 17:7–8

      Which of you whose servant comes in from plowing or shepherding in the field will say to him, ‘Come at once and sit down to eat’?

Where this verse is studied

About Exodus

The Israelites Leaving Egypt, David Roberts, 1829. Public domain.
The Israelites Leaving Egypt, David Roberts, 1829. Public domain.

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, AGAINST JOVINIAN 2.25; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: The Pentateuch and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.