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Exodus 14:8

in Exodus 14

And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And Jehovah hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: for the children of Israel went out with a high hand.

KJV

And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand.

This verse in Exodus 14

Commentary

4 notes on this verse

This site's exposition

hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt

on Exodus 14:8-9

One verse reports both that the LORD hardened Pharaoh and that Israel was marching out defiantly, so pursuit and boldness stand together. Numbers 33:3 keeps the same phrase for the march.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Maximus of Turin

SERMON 100.3 · Written before 465.

proposed

But the same Christ the Lord who did all these things now goes through baptism before the Christian people in the pillar of his body—he who at that time went through the sea before the children of Israel in the pillar of fire. This, I …

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

), The children of Israel went out with a high hand, that is, with a great deal of courage and bravery, triumphing in their release, and resolved to break through the difficulties that lay in their way.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt,....

The words behind it

16 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיְחַזֵּ֣קand he made strong

    vaychazekH2388 →291 times

  • יְהֹוָ֗הYahweh

    yahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • לֵ֤ב[the] heart of

    levH3820 →595 times

  • פַּרְעֹה֙Pharaoh

    parohH6547 →274 times

  • מֶ֣לֶךְ[the] king of

    melekhH4428 →2525 times

  • מִצְרַ֔יִםEgypt

    mitzrayimH4714 →641 times

  • וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ףand he pursued

    vaiyirdofH7291 →143 times

  • אַחֲרֵ֖יafter

    ʾachareiH310 →715 times

  • בְּנֵ֣י[the] people of

    beneiH1121 →4930 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsrael

    yisraelH3478 →2507 times

  • וּבְנֵ֣יand [the] people of

    uveneiH1121 →4930 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsrael

    yisraelH3478 →2507 times

  • יֹצְאִ֖ים[were] going out

    yotzeimH3318 →1067 times

  • בְּיָ֥דwith a hand

    beyadH3027 →1618 times

  • רָמָֽה׃raised

    ramahH7311 →190 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Exodus 6:1

    But the LORD said to Moses, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for because of My mighty hand he will let the people go; because of My strong hand he…

    it leads to

    • Exodus 12:33

      And in order to send them out of the land quickly, the Egyptians urged the people on. “For otherwise,” they said, “we are all going to die!”

    • Exodus 3:19–20

      But I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go unless a mighty hand compels him.

    • Exodus 12:39

      Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had…

    • Exodus 12:31

      Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Get up, leave my people, both you and the Israelites! Go, worship the LORD as you have requested.

    • Psalms 136:12

      with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. His loving devotion endures forever.

  • Through

    Exodus 13:16

    So it shall serve as a sign on your hand and a symbol on your forehead, for with a mighty hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt.”

    it leads to

    • Exodus 13:9

      It shall be a sign for you on your hand and a reminder on your forehead that the Law of the LORD is to be on your lips. For with a mighty hand the…

  • Through

    Acts 13:17

    The God of the people of Israel chose our fathers. He made them into a great people during their stay in Egypt, and with an uplifted arm He led them out of that land.

    it leads to

    • Deuteronomy 7:6–8

      For you are a people holy to the LORD your God. The LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for His prized possession out of all peoples on the face of…

  • Through

    Exodus 14:4

    And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the…

    it leads to

    • Romans 9:22–23

      What if God, intending to show His wrath and make His power known, bore with great patience the vessels of His wrath, prepared for destruction?

Where this verse is studied

About Exodus

The Egyptians Drown in the Sea — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Egyptians Drown in the Sea — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain

This page draws on John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: The Pentateuch; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Maximus of Turin, SERMON 100.3.