Passover

How Nave’s arranged it

• Institution ofExodus 12:3–49Exodus 23:15–18Exodus 34:18Leviticus 23:4–8Numbers 9:2–5Numbers 9:13Numbers 9:14Numbers 28:16–25Deuteronomy 16:1–8Deuteronomy 16:16Psalms 81:3Psalms 81:5
• Design ofExodus 12:21–28
• Special Passover, for those who were unclean, or on a journey, to be held in the second monthNumbers 9:6–122 Chronicles 30:2–4
• The lamb killed by Levites, for those who were ceremonially unclean2 Chronicles 30:172 Chronicles 35:3–11Ezra 6:20
• Strangers authorized to celebrateExodus 12:48Exodus 12:49Numbers 9:14
• Observed at the place designated by GodDeuteronomy 16:5–7
• Observed with unleavened bread (no yeast)Exodus 12:8Exodus 12:15–20Exodus 13:3Exodus 13:6Exodus 23:15Leviticus 23:6Numbers 9:11Numbers 28:17Deuteronomy 16:3Deuteronomy 16:4Mark 14:12Luke 22:7Acts 12:31 Corinthians 5:8
• Penalty for neglecting to observeNumbers 9:13
• Re-instituted by EzekielEzekiel 45:21–24
• Observation of, renewed
• By the Israelites upon entering CanaanJoshua 5:10Joshua 5:11
• By Hezekiah2 Chronicles 30:1

The passages, in Bible order (60)

The same references, sorted Genesis to Revelation. The first 16 are quoted in full; the rest are one click beneath them, book by book.

1. Exodus 12:3–49

   Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man must select a lamb for his family, one per household.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 12:3–492 voices

   “It is observable that, amid all the hurry and bustle of such a departure, their serious attention was to be given to a solemn act of religion. a lamb for an house--a kid might be taken (Ex 12:5). The service was to be a domestic one, for the deliverance was to be from an evil threatened to every house in Egypt.

   “A lamb - The Hebrew word is general, meaning either a sheep or a goat - male or female - and of any age; the age and sex are therefore epecially defined in the following verse. The direction to select the lamb on the tenth day, the fourth day before it was offered, was intended to secure due care in the preparation for the great national festival. The custom certainly fell into desuetude at a later period, but probably not before the destruction of the temple.

   Everything gathered on Exodus 12:3–49→

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2. Exodus 12:8

   They are to eat the meat that night, roasted over the fire, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 12:82 voices

   “And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire,.... The night of the fourteenth of Nisan; and as the Jews reckoned their days from the evening preceding, this must be the beginning of the fifteenth day, which being observed, will serve to reconcile some passages relating to this ordinance.

   “They shall eat the flesh - roast with fire - As it was the ordinary custom of the Jews to boil their flesh, some think that the command given here was in opposition to the custom of the Egyptians, who ate raw flesh in honor of Osiris. The Ethiopians are to this day remarkable for eating raw flesh, as is the case with most savage nations. Unleavened bread - מצות matstsoth, from מצה matsah, to squeeze or compress, because the bread prepared without leaven or yeast was generally compressed, sad or heavy, as we term it.

   Everything gathered on Exodus 12:8→

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3. Exodus 12:15–20

   For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. On the first day you are to remove the leaven from your houses. Whoever eats anything leavened from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 12:15–202 voices

   “Now, without doubt, there was much of the gospel in this ordinance; it is often referred to in the New Testament, and, in it, to us is the gospel preached, and not to them only, who could not stedfastly look to the end of these things, Heb. iv. The paschal lamb was typical. Christ is our Passover, 1 Cor. v. 7 .

   “A figurative allusion to this is made (1Co 5:7). The exclusion of leaven for seven days would not be attended with inconvenience in the East, where the usual leaven is dough kept till it becomes sour, and it is kept from one day to another for the purpose of preserving leaven in readiness.

   Everything gathered on Exodus 12:15–20→

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4. Exodus 12:21–28

   Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and told them, “Go at once and select for yourselves a lamb for each family, and slaughter the Passover lamb.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 12:21–281 voice

   “Draw out - i. e. draw the lamb from the fold and then take it to the house. The passover - The word is here applied to the lamb; an important fact, marking the lamb as the sign and pledge of the exemption of the Israelites.

   Everything gathered on Exodus 12:21–28→

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5. Exodus 12:48

   If a foreigner resides with you and wants to celebrate the LORD’s Passover, all the males in the household must be circumcised; then he may come near to celebrate it, and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised man may eat of it.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 12:481 voice

   “If in sincerity, and with that zeal which the thing required and deserves, we give up ourselves to God, we shall, with ourselves, give up all we have to him, and do our utmost that all ours may be his too. Here is an early indication of favour to the poor Gentiles, that the stranger, if circumcised, stands upon the same level with the home-born Israelite.

   Everything gathered on Exodus 12:48→

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6. Exodus 12:49

   The same law shall apply to both the native and the foreigner who resides among you.”

   ›Commentary on Exodus 12:491 voice

   “One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger--This regulation displays the liberal spirit of the Hebrew institutions. Any foreigner might obtain admission to the privileges of the nation on complying with their sacred ordinances. In the Mosaic equally as in the Christian dispensation, privilege and duty were inseparably conjoined.

   Everything gathered on Exodus 12:49→

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7. Exodus 13:3

   So Moses told the people, “Remember this day, the day you came out of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; for the LORD brought you out of it by the strength of His hand. And nothing leavened shall be eaten.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 13:31 voice

   There shall no leavened bread, &c.--The words are elliptical, and the meaning of the clause may be paraphrased thus:--"For by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place, in such haste that there could or should be no leavened bread eaten."

   Everything gathered on Exodus 13:3→

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8. Exodus 13:6

   For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 13:61 voice

   “It was, however, only a prospective observance; we read of only one celebration of the passover during the protracted sojourn in the wilderness [Nu 9:5]; but on their settlement in the promised land, the season was hallowed as a sacred anniversary [Jos 5:10], in conformity with the directions here given.

   Everything gathered on Exodus 13:6→

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9. Exodus 23:15–18

   You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread as I commanded you: At the appointed time in the month of Abib you are to eat unleavened bread for seven days, because that was the month you came out of Egypt. No one may appear before Me empty-handed.

   ›Commentary on Exodus 23:15–181 voice

   “Three times . . . keep a feast . . . in the year--This was the institution of the great religious festivals--"The feast of unleavened bread," or the passover--"the feast of harvest," or pentecost--"the feast of ingathering," or the feast of tabernacles, which was a memorial of the dwelling in booths in the wilderness, and which was observed in the seventh month (Ex 12:2).

   Everything gathered on Exodus 23:15–18→

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10. Exodus 34:18

    You are to keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib, you are to eat unleavened bread as I commanded you. For in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt.

    ›Commentary on Exodus 34:181 voice

    “Moses bowed . . . and worshipped--In the East, people bow the head to royalty, and are silent when it passes by, while in the West, they take off their hats and shout.

    Everything gathered on Exodus 34:18→

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11. Leviticus 23:4–8

    These are the LORD’s appointed feasts, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times.

    ›Commentary on Leviticus 23:4–82 voices

    “Divine wisdom was manifested in fixing them at those periods; in winter, when the days were short and the roads broken up, a long journey was impracticable; while in summer the harvest and vintage gave busy employment in the fields. Besides, another reason for the choice of those seasons probably was to counteract the influence of Egyptian associations and habits.

    “These are the feasts of the Lord - Or rather, the solemnities: (for the day of atonement was a fast:) and so the word is used, Isaiah xxxiii, 20, where Zion is called the city of our solemnities.

    Everything gathered on Leviticus 23:4–8→

    Verse page →Original language →

12. Leviticus 23:6

    On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread.

    Verse page →Original language →

13. Numbers 9:2–5

    “The Israelites are to observe the Passover at its appointed time.

    ›Commentary on Numbers 9:2–51 voice

    “Let the children of Israel also keep the passover,.... Though this ordinance was enjoined the people of Israel, and observed by them at the time of their coming out of Egypt, and had been since repeated, Lev 23:5; yet without a fresh precept, or an explanation of the former, they seemed not to be obliged, or might not be sensible that they were obliged to keep it, until they came into the land of Canaan, Exo 12:25; and therefore a new order is given them to observe it: at his appointed season; and what that season is is next declared.

    Everything gathered on Numbers 9:2–5→

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14. Numbers 9:6–12

    But there were some men who were unclean due to a dead body, so they could not observe the Passover on that day. And they came before Moses and Aaron that same day

    ›Commentary on Numbers 9:6–122 voices

    “Certain men - Probably Mishael and Elizaphan, who buried their cousins, Nadab and Abihu, within a week of this Passover Lev 10:4-5.

    “Hence arose a kind of discrepancy; because, whilst the unclean were not permitted to approach the sacred feast, it was sinful to neglect this exercise of religion. Even Moses confessed that he was perplexed as to this matter, since he sought for time to inquire of God.

    Everything gathered on Numbers 9:6–12→

    Verse page →Original language →

15. Numbers 9:11

    Such people are to observe it at twilight on the fourteenth day of the second month. They are to eat the lamb, together with unleavened bread and bitter herbs;

    ›Commentary on Numbers 9:112 voices

    “IN great tenderness God permitted the Passover to be kept a second time, that those who had unavoidably been defiled at the first observance might not be shut out from the memorable and symbolical rite. But, although He altered the date of the Passover, He never changed the form of it—the Paschal feast was to be the same whenever it was celebrated and by whomever it was observed. Whether one family, or an Israelite who happened to be a stranger and visitor in the house, whoever it might be—kept the Passover—the same regulations were to be carefully followed.

    “The later Jews speak of this as the “little Passover.” Coming, as it did, a month after the proper Passover, it afforded ample time for a man to purify himself from legal defilement, as also to return from any but a very distant journey. Compare Hezekiah’s act 2Ch 30:1-3.

    Everything gathered on Numbers 9:11→

    Verse page →Original language →

16. Numbers 9:13

    But if a man who is ceremonially clean and is not on a journey still fails to observe the Passover, he must be cut off from his people, because he did not present the LORD’s offering at its appointed time. That man will bear the consequences of his sin.

    Verse page →Original language →