1 Samuelchapter 18
30 verses · BSB1 Samuel book hub →
Saul Attempts to Kill David, Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Original Language
1 Samuel 18— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Soul knit to soul — and Saul eyes David from that day1
1 Samuel 18:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֗יvayhiand it wasH1961כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙kekhalotowhen finished heH3615לְדַבֵּ֣רledaberto speakH1696אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙venefeshand [the] self ofH5315יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyehonatanJonathanH3083נִקְשְׁרָ֖הniksherahit was boundH7194בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁbenefeshwith [the] self ofH5315דָּוִ֑דdavidDavidH1732וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּvaiyeehavovand he loved himH157יְהוֹנָתָ֖ןyehonatanJonathanH3083כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃kenafsholike own self hisH5315
1 Samuel 18:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 18:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 18:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣טvaiyitpashetand he stripped himselfH6584יְהוֹנָתָ֗ןyehonatanJonathanH3083אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַמְּעִיל֙hameilthe robeH4598אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834עָלָ֔יוʾalav[was] on himH5921וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּvaiyitenehuand he gave itH5414לְדָוִ֑דledavidto DavidH1732וּמַדָּ֕יוumadavand garments hisH4055וְעַד־vead-and toH5704חַרְבּ֥וֹcharbosword hisH2719וְעַד־vead-and toH5704קַשְׁתּ֖וֹkashtobow hisH7198וְעַד־vead-and toH5704חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃chagorobelt hisH2290
1 Samuel 18:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּצֵ֨אvaiyetze'and he went outH3318דָוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732בְּכֹל֩bekholin everyH3605אֲשֶׁ֨רʾasherwhereH834יִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּyishlachenuhe sent himH7971שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586יַשְׂכִּ֔ילyaskilhe prosperedH7919וַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּvaysimehuand he appointed himH7760שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586עַ֖לʾaloverH5921אַנְשֵׁ֣יʾanshei[the] men ofH582הַמִּלְחָמָ֑הhamilchamah<the> warH4421וַיִּיטַב֙vaiyitavand it was goodH3190בְּעֵינֵ֣יbeeineiin [the] eyes ofH5869כָל־khol-allH3605הָעָ֔םhaamthe peopleH5971וְגַ֕םvegamand alsoH1571בְּעֵינֵ֖יbeeineiin [the] eyes ofH5869עַבְדֵ֥יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650שָׁאֽוּל׃ פshaulSaulH7586
1 Samuel 18:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֣יvayhiand it wasH1961בְּבוֹאָ֗םbevoamwhen came theyH935בְּשׁ֤וּבbeshuvwhen returnedH7725דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732מֵהַכּ֣וֹתmehakotfrom striking downH5221אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יhapelishtithe PhilistineH6430וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָהvatetzenahand they came outH3318הַנָּשִׁ֜יםhanashimthe womenH802מִכָּל־mikolfrom allH3605עָרֵ֤יʾarei[the] cities ofH5892יִשְׂרָאֵל֙yisraelIsraelH3478לָשִׁ֣ירlashorto singH7891וְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹתvehamecholotand the dancingH4246לִקְרַ֖אתlikratto meetH7122שָׁא֣וּלshaulSaulH7586הַמֶּ֑לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428בְּתֻפִּ֥יםbetupimwith tambourinesH8596בְּשִׂמְחָ֖הbesimchahwith joyH8057וּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃uveshalishimand with three-stringed instrumentsH7991
1 Samuel 18:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָהvataaneinahand they sangH6030הַנָּשִׁ֥יםhanashimthe womenH802הַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹתhamsachakotwho were playingH7832וַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָvatomarnaand they saidH559הִכָּ֤הhikahhe has struck downH5221שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586בַּאֲלָפָ֔יוbaelfov<on> thousands hisH505וְדָוִ֖דvedavidand DavidH1732בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃berivotav<on> ten thousands hisH7233
1 Samuel 18:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּ֨חַרvaiyicharand it burnedH2734לְשָׁא֜וּלleshaulto SaulH7586מְאֹ֗דmeodexceedinglyH3966וַיֵּ֤רַעvaiyera'and it was displeasingH7489בְּעֵינָיו֙beeinavin view hisH5869הַדָּבָ֣רhadavarthe matterH1697הַזֶּ֔הhazeh<the> thisH2088וַיֹּ֗אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559נָתְנ֤וּnatenuthey have ascribedH5414לְדָוִד֙ledavidto DavidH1732רְבָב֔וֹתrevavotten thousandsH7233וְלִ֥יveliand to <the> meנָתְנ֖וּnatenuthey have ascribedH5414הָאֲלָפִ֑יםhaalafimthe thousandsH505וְע֥וֹדveodand yetH5750ל֖וֹlofor <the> himאַ֥ךְʾakhonlyH389הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃hamelukhahthe kingshipH4410
1 Samuel 18:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
The javelin twice, and all Israel loving him10
1 Samuel 18:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֣יvayhiand it wasH1961מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗תmimochoratfrom [the] next dayH4283וַתִּצְלַ֣חvatitzlachand it rushedH6743רוּחַ֩ruacha spirit ofH7307אֱלֹהִ֨ים׀ʾelohimGodH430רָעָ֤ה׀raahevilH7451אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣אvaiyitnabe'and he prophesiedH5012בְתוֹךְ־vetokh-in [the] midst ofH8432הַבַּ֔יִתhabayitthe houseH1004וְדָוִ֛דvedavidand DavidH1732מְנַגֵּ֥ןmenagen[was] playing an instrumentH5059בְּיָד֖וֹbeyadowith hand hisH3027כְּי֣וֹם׀keyomas a dayH3117בְּי֑וֹםbeyomin a dayH3117וְהַחֲנִ֖יתvehachanitand the spearH2595בְּיַד־beyad-[was] in [the] hand ofH3027שָׁאֽוּל׃shaulSaulH7586
Rashi on I Samuel 18:10
And he raved. [Literally 'he prophesied'] but Targum renders, 'and he raved.' A prophet and a madman speak in unintelligible hints.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 18:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֤טֶלvaiyateland he threwH2904שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַחֲנִ֔יתhachanitthe spearH2595וַיֹּ֕אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אַכֶּ֥הʾakehI will strikeH5221בְדָוִ֖דvedavid<on> DavidH1732וּבַקִּ֑ירuvakirand <on> the wallH7023וַיִּסֹּ֥בvaiyisoand he went aroundH5437דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732מִפָּנָ֖יוmipanavfrom before himH6440פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃paamayimtwo timesH6471
Rashi on I Samuel 18:11
I will strike Dovid and the wall. I will strike one blow so, that the spear will pierce Dovid and the wall. 2 Shaul wanted to strike Dovid in a manner that it would appear that it was unintentional.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 18:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 18:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְסִרֵ֤הוּvaysirehuand he removed himH5493שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹmeimofrom with <the> himH5973וַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּvaysimehuand he appointed himH7760ל֖וֹlofor <the> himselfשַׂר־sar-a commander ofH8269אָ֑לֶףʾalefa thousandH505וַיֵּצֵ֥אvaiyetze'and he went outH3318וַיָּבֹ֖אvaiyavo'and he cameH935לִפְנֵ֥יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הָעָֽם׃ פhaamthe peopleH5971
1 Samuel 18:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֥יvayhiand he wasH1961דָוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732לְכָל־lekholto allH3605דְּרָכָ֖יוdarekhavways hisH1870מַשְׂכִּ֑ילmaskilsuccessfulH7919וַֽיהוָ֖הvayahwehand YahwehH3068עִמּֽוֹ׃imo[was] with himH5973
Rashi on I Samuel 18:14
Succeeded. Succeeded. 3 Although ‘ שֵׂבֶל ’ usually indicates wisdom, here it is used to indicate success.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 18:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 18:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
A bride priced in Philistine foreskins17
1 Samuel 18:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732הִנֵּה֩hinehhere!H2009בִתִּ֨יvitidaughter myH1323הַגְּדוֹלָ֤הhagedolah<the> elderH1419מֵרַב֙meravMerabH4764אֹתָהּ֙ʾotah<obj.> herH853אֶתֶּן־ʾeten-I will giveH5414לְךָ֣lekhato <the> youלְאִשָּׁ֔הleishahto a wifeH802אַ֚ךְʾakhonlyH389הֱיֵה־heyeh-becomeH1961לִּ֣יliof meלְבֶן־leven-<into> a son ofH1121חַ֔יִלchayilstrengthH2428וְהִלָּחֵ֖םvehilachemand fightH3898מִלְחֲמ֣וֹתmilchamot[the] battles ofH4421יְהוָ֑הyahwehYahwehH3068וְשָׁא֣וּלveshauland SaulH7586אָמַ֗רʾamarhe saidH559אַל־ʾal-may notH408תְּהִ֤יtehiit beH1961יָדִי֙yadihand myH3027בּ֔וֹboon <the> himוּתְהִי־utehi-and let it beH1961ב֖וֹvoon <the> himיַד־yad-[the] hand ofH3027פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ סpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430
1 Samuel 18:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586מִ֤יmiwho?H4310אָֽנֹכִי֙ʾanokhi[am] IH595וּמִ֣יumiand who?H4310חַיַּ֔יchaiyai[are] kinsfolk myH2416מִשְׁפַּ֥חַתmishpachat[the] clan ofH4940אָבִ֖יʾavifather myH1בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לbeyisraelin IsraelH3478כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588אֶהְיֶ֥הʾehyehI will beH1961חָתָ֖ןchatana son-in-lawH2860לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃lamelekhof the kingH4428
1 Samuel 18:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֗יvayhiand it wasH1961בְּעֵ֥תbeetat [the] timeH6256תֵּ֛תtetgaveH5414אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מֵרַ֥בmeravMerabH4764בַּת־bat-[the] daughter ofH1323שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586לְדָוִ֑דledavidto DavidH1732וְהִ֧יאvehi'and sheH1931נִתְּנָ֛הnitenahshe was givenH5414לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥לleadrielto AdrielH5741הַמְּחֹלָתִ֖יhamecholatithe MeholathiteH4259לְאִשָּֽׁה׃leishahto a wifeH802
1 Samuel 18:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַתֶּאֱהַ֛בvateehavand she lovedH157מִיכַ֥לmikhalMichalH4324בַּת־bat-[the] daughter ofH1323שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִ֑דdavidDavidH1732וַיַּגִּ֣דוּvaiyagiduand people toldH5046לְשָׁא֔וּלleshaulto SaulH7586וַיִּשַׁ֥רvaiyisharand it was pleasingH3474הַדָּבָ֖רhadavarthe matterH1697בְּעֵינָֽיו׃beeinavin view hisH5869
1 Samuel 18:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּהʾettenenahI will give herH5414לּוֹ֙loto <the> himוּתְהִי־utehi-so she may becomeH1961ל֣וֹlofor <the> himלְמוֹקֵ֔שׁlemokesh<into> a snareH4170וּתְהִי־utehi-so it may beH1961ב֖וֹvoon <the> himיַד־yad-[the] hand ofH3027פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִםbishtayimin two [times]H8147תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ןtitchatenyou will be a son-in-lawH2859בִּ֖יbito meהַיּֽוֹם׃haiyomthis dayH3117
1 Samuel 18:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְצַ֨וvaytzavand he commandedH6680שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עֲבָדָ֗יוʾavadavservants hisH5650דַּבְּר֨וּdaberuspeakH1696אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֤דdavidDavidH1732בַּלָּט֙balatin <the> secrecyH3909לֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559הִנֵּ֨הhinehhere!H2009חָפֵ֤ץchafetzhe delightsH2654בְּךָ֙bekhain <the> youהַמֶּ֔לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְכָל־vekholand allH3605עֲבָדָ֖יוʾavadavservants hisH5650אֲהֵב֑וּךָʾahevukhathey love youH157וְעַתָּ֖הveatahand thereforeH6258הִתְחַתֵּ֥ןhitchatenbe son-in-lawH2859בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃bamelekhto the kingH4428
1 Samuel 18:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּvaydaberuand they spokeH1696עַבְדֵ֤יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586בְּאָזְנֵ֣יbeazeneiin [the] ears ofH241דָוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַדְּבָרִ֖יםhadevarimthe wordsH1697הָאֵ֑לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732הַֽנְקַלָּ֤הhankalah¿ triflingH7043בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙veeineikhemin view yourH5869הִתְחַתֵּ֣ןhitchaten[is] to be son-in-lawH2859בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְbamelekhto the kingH4428וְאָנֹכִ֖יveanokhiand IH595אִֽישׁ־ʾish-[am] a manH376רָ֥שׁrashpoorH7326וְנִקְלֶֽה׃veniklehand lightly esteemedH7034
1 Samuel 18:24· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 18:25· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586כֹּֽה־koh-thusH3541תֹאמְר֣וּtomeruyou will sayH559לְדָוִ֗דledavidto DavidH1732אֵֽין־ʾein-notH369חֵ֤פֶץchefetzdelightH2656לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙lamelekh[belongs] to the kingH4428בְּמֹ֔הַרbemoharin bride-priceH4119כִּ֗יkiforH3588בְּמֵאָה֙bemeahfor a hundredH3967עָרְל֣וֹתarelotforeskins ofH6190פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpelishtimPhilistinesH6430לְהִנָּקֵ֖םlehinakemto avenge himselfH5358בְּאֹיְבֵ֣יbeoyeveion [the] enemies ofH341הַמֶּ֑לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְשָׁא֣וּלveshauland SaulH7586חָשַׁ֔בchashavhe plannedH2803לְהַפִּ֥ילlehapilto make fallH5307אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732בְּיַד־beyad-by [the] hand ofH3027פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃pelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430
1 Samuel 18:26· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּגִּ֨דוּvaiyagiduand they toldH5046עֲבָדָ֤יוʾavadavservants hisH5650לְדָוִד֙ledavidto DavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַדְּבָרִ֣יםhadevarimthe wordsH1697הָאֵ֔לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428וַיִּשַׁ֤רvaiyisharand it was pleasingH3474הַדָּבָר֙hadavarthe matterH1697בְּעֵינֵ֣יbeeineiin [the] eyes ofH5869דָוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןlehitchatento be son-in-lawH2859בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְbamelekhto the kingH4428וְלֹ֥אvelo'and notH3808מָלְא֖וּmaluthey were completedH4390הַיָּמִֽים׃haiyamimthe daysH3117
1 Samuel 18:27· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֨קָםvaiyakomand he aroseH6965דָּוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ׀vaiyelekhand he wentH1980ה֣וּאhu'heH1931וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יוvaanashavand men hisH582וַיַּ֣ךְvaiyakhand he struck downH5221בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮bapelishtimamong the PhilistinesH6430מָאתַ֣יִםmatayimtwo hundredH3967אִישׁ֒ʾishmanH376וַיָּבֵ֤אvaiyave'and he broughtH935דָוִד֙davidDavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔םʾareloteihemforeskins theirH6190וַיְמַלְא֣וּםvaymalumand people gave in full themH4390לַמֶּ֔לֶךְlamelekhto the kingH4428לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ןlehitchatento be son-in-lawH2859בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְbamelekhto the kingH4428וַיִּתֶּן־vaiyiten-and he gaveH5414ל֥וֹloto <the> himשָׁא֛וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מִיכַ֥לmikhalMichalH4324בִּתּ֖וֹbitodaughter hisH1323לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ סleishahto a wifeH802
1 Samuel 18:28· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 18:29· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אסֶףvaiyosefand he increasedH3254שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586לֵרֹ֛אlero'to be afraidH3372מִפְּנֵ֥יmipeneiof <the face of>H6440דָוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732ע֑וֹדodagainH5750וַיְהִ֥יvayhiand he wasH1961שָׁא֛וּלshaulSaulH7586אֹיֵ֥בʾoyevan enemyH341אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732כָּל־kol-allH3605הַיָּמִֽים׃ סhaiyamimthe daysH3117
1 Samuel 18:30· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּצְא֖וּvaiyetzeuand they went outH3318שָׂרֵ֣יsarei[the] commanders ofH8269פְלִשְׁתִּ֑יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וַיְהִ֣י׀vayhiand it wasH1961מִדֵּ֣יmideias often asH1767צֵאתָ֗םtzetamwent out theyH3318שָׂכַ֤לsakhalhe was successfulH7919דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732מִכֹּל֙mikolmore than allH3605עַבְדֵ֣יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיִּיקַ֥רvaiyikarand it was esteemedH3365שְׁמ֖וֹshemoname hisH8034מְאֹֽד׃ סmeodexceedinglyH3966