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Hebrew verb · H5358

נָקַם

naqamnaw-kam'

to avenge

35 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key

Concordance spelling: nâqam

Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H5358is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.

  • 15 of 39
    Old Testament books
  • 31
    spellings

The definition in full

Strong's key (1890) · H5358

to grudge, i.e. avenge or punish

The King James renders it: avenge(-r, self), punish, revenge (self), [idiom] surely, take vengeance.

James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.

Summary

naqam is rendered "to avenge". It stands 35 times in the Hebrew text, across fifteen books.

  • Seven of the uses stand in Jeremiah, more than in any other book.
  • Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Genesis 4:15“Not so!” replied the LORD. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him.
  • The Greek text spells it thirty-one different ways.

The first use

“Not so!” replied the LORD. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him.

Genesis 4:15יֻקָּ֑ם

The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.

Where the word stands

The word stands in fifteen of the 39 Old Testament books.

The other 24 Old Testament books never use the word.

What the word means

Each meaning, and the words it is translated by

How the Greek text is glossed, word by word

  • he will be avenged4
  • will it avenge itself3
  • and an avenger2
  • and I will avenge2
  • and I will avenge myself2
  • avenge2
  • avenging2
  • to avenge himself2
  • and avenge yourself1
  • and avenging1
  • and avenging yourself1
  • and he will avenge me1

and 12 more, 35 uses in all

The words built on the same word-part

Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.

נָקַבnaqabto pierceUses19
נָקַףnaqaphto strikeUses19
נָקַרnaqarto digUses6
נָקַשׁnaqashto snareUses5
נָקַעnaqabe alienatedUses3
נָקַטnaqatto tireUses1

The words it stands beside

All 35, in canonical order

Every use, in order

Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.

31 spellings and their grammar

STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.

How it is spelled

  • תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם3
  • וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃2
  • לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם2
  • בִּנְקֹ֥ם1
  • הִנָּ֣קְמוּ1
  • וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה1
  • וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה1
  • וְהִנָּ֤קֶם1
  • וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּ1
  • וְ֝נֹקֵ֗ם1
  • וְנֹקֵם֙1
  • וְנִקְּמ֥וּ1

and 19 more spellings in the ledger below.

The grammar of each form

  • preposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)3HR/VNcc
  • verb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular3HVHi3ms
  • verb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singular3HVti3fs
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singular2HC/VNc1cs
  • Hc/Vpq1cs2Hc/Vpq1cs
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular2HC/Vqrmsa
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · reflexive (hithpael), participle · masculine singular2HC/Vtrmsa
  • preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)2HR/Vqcc
  • verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular2HVqi3ms
  • verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular2HVqrmsa
  • Hc/VNq1cs1Hc/VNq1cs
  • Hc/VNq3cp1Hc/VNq3cp

Genesis

two uses
  • “Not so!” replied the LORD. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him.

    Genesis 4:15

    • יֻקָּ֑םyukamverb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged
  • If Cain is avenged sevenfold, then Lamech seventy-sevenfold.”

    Genesis 4:24

    • יֻקַּם־yukam-verb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged

Exodus

three uses
  • If a man strikes his manservant or maidservant with a rod, and the servant dies by his hand, he shall surely be punished.

    Exodus 21:20

    • נָקֹ֖םnakomverb · simple (qal), infinitive absolutetagged: certainly to avenge
    • יִנָּקֵֽם׃yinakemverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged
  • However, if the servant gets up after a day or two, the owner shall not be punished, since the servant is his property.

    Exodus 21:21

    • יֻקַּ֔םyukamverb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged

Leviticus

two uses
  • Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.

    Leviticus 19:18

    • תִקֹּ֤םtikomverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you will avenge yourself
  • And I will bring a sword against you to execute the vengeance of the covenant. Though you withdraw into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hand of the enemy.

    Leviticus 26:25

    • נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙nokemetverb · simple (qal), participle · feminine singulartagged: avenge

Numbers

one use
  • “Take vengeance on the Midianites for the Israelites. After that, you will be gathered to your people.”

    Numbers 31:2

    • נְקֹ֗םnekomverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: avenge

Deuteronomy

one use
  • Rejoice, O heavens, with Him, and let all God’s angels worship Him. Rejoice, O nations, with His people; for He will avenge the blood of His children. He will take vengeance on His adversaries and repay those who hate Him; He will cleanse His land and His people.

    Deuteronomy 32:43

    • יִקּ֑וֹםyikomverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will avenge

Joshua

one use
  • So the sun stood still and the moon stopped until the nation took vengeance upon its enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? “So the sun stopped in the middle of the sky and delayed going down about a full day.”

    Joshua 10:13

    • יִקֹּ֥םyikomverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: it avenged itself on

Judges

two uses
  • And Samson told them, “Because you have done this, I will not rest until I have taken vengeance upon you.”

    Judges 15:7

    • נִקַּ֥מְתִּיnikamtiverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I have avenged myself
  • Then Samson called out to the LORD: “O Lord GOD, please remember me. Strengthen me, O God, just once more, so that with one vengeful blow I may pay back the Philistines for my two eyes.”

    Judges 16:28

    • וְאִנָּקְמָ֧הveinakemahconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: so let me avenge myself

1 Samuel

three uses
  • Now the men of Israel were in distress that day, for Saul had placed the troops under an oath, saying, “Cursed is the man who eats any food before evening, before I have taken vengeance on my enemies.” So none of the troops tasted any food.

    1 Samuel 14:24

    • וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙venikamtiHc/VNq1cstagged: and I will avenge myself
  • Saul replied, “Say to David, ‘The king desires no other dowry but a hundred Philistine foreskins as revenge on his enemies.’” But Saul intended to cause David’s death at the hands of the Philistines.

    1 Samuel 18:25

    • לְהִנָּקֵ֖םlehinakempreposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge himself
  • May the LORD judge between you and me, and may the LORD take vengeance on you, but my hand will never be against you.

    1 Samuel 24:12

    • וּנְקָמַ֥נִיunekamaniHc/Vqq3ms/Sp1bstagged: and he will avenge me

2 Kings

one use
  • And you are to strike down the house of your master Ahab, so that I may avenge the blood of My servants the prophets and the blood of all the servants of the LORD shed by the hand of Jezebel.

    2 Kings 9:7

    • וְנִקַּמְתִּ֞יvenikamtiHc/Vpq1cstagged: and I will avenge

Esther

one use
  • A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.

    Esther 8:13

    • לְהִנָּקֵ֖םlehinakempreposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge themselves

Psalms

three uses
  • From the mouths of children and infants You have ordained praise on account of Your adversaries, to silence the enemy and avenger.

    Psalms 8:2

    • וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃umitnakemconjunction (“and”) + verb · reflexive (hithpael), participle · masculine singulartagged: and an avenger
  • at the voice of the scorner and reviler, because of the enemy, bent on revenge.

    Psalms 44:16

    • וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃umitnakemconjunction (“and”) + verb · reflexive (hithpael), participle · masculine singulartagged: and an avenger
  • O LORD our God, You answered them. You were a forgiving God to them, yet an avenger of their misdeeds.

    Psalms 99:8

    • וְ֝נֹקֵ֗םvenokemconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and avenging yourself

Isaiah

one use
  • Therefore the Lord GOD of Hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, declares: “Ah, I will be relieved of My foes and avenge Myself on My enemies.

    Isaiah 1:24

    • וְאִנָּקְמָ֖הveinakemahconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: and I will avenge myself

Jeremiah

seven uses
  • Should I not punish them for these things?” declares the LORD. “Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?

    Jeremiah 5:9

    • תִתְנַקֵּ֖םtitnakemverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: will it avenge itself
  • Should I not punish them for these things?” declares the LORD. “Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?

    Jeremiah 5:29

    • תִתְנַקֵּ֖םtitnakemverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: will it avenge itself
  • Should I not punish them for these things? declares the LORD. Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?”

    Jeremiah 9:9

    • תִתְנַקֵּ֖םtitnakemverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: will it avenge itself
  • You understand, O LORD; remember me and attend to me. Avenge me against my persecutors. In Your patience, do not take me away. Know that I endure reproach for Your honor.

    Jeremiah 15:15

    • וְהִנָּ֤קֶםvehinakemconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: and avenge yourself
  • For that day belongs to the Lord GOD of Hosts, a day of vengeance against His foes. The sword will devour until it is satisfied, until it is quenched with their blood. For the Lord GOD of Hosts will hold a sacrifice in the land of the north by the River Euphrates.

    Jeremiah 46:10

    • לְהִנָּקֵ֣םlehinakempreposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge himself
  • Raise a war cry against her on every side! She has thrown up her hands in surrender; her towers have fallen; her walls are torn down. Since this is the vengeance of the LORD, take out your vengeance upon her; as she has done, do the same to her.

    Jeremiah 50:15

    • הִנָּ֣קְמוּhinakemuverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), command · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: avenge yourself
  • Therefore this is what the LORD says: “Behold, I will plead your case and take vengeance on your behalf; I will dry up her sea and make her springs run dry.

    Jeremiah 51:36

    • וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖יvenikamtiHc/Vpq1cstagged: and I will avenge

Ezekiel

four uses
  • In order to stir up wrath and take vengeance, I have placed her blood on the bare rock, so that it would not be covered.’

    Ezekiel 24:8

    • לִנְקֹ֣םlinkompreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge
  • This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because Edom acted vengefully against the house of Judah, and in so doing incurred grievous guilt,

    Ezekiel 25:12

    • בִּנְקֹ֥םbinkompreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: by avenging itself
    • וְנִקְּמ֥וּvenikemuHc/VNq3cptagged: and they have avenged themselves
  • This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because the Philistines acted in vengeance, taking vengeance with malice of soul to destroy Judah with ancient hostility,

    Ezekiel 25:15

    • וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּvaiyinakemuHc/VNw3mptagged: and they avenged themselves

Nahum

three uses
  • The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and full of wrath. The LORD takes vengeance on His foes and reserves wrath for His enemies.

    Nahum 1:2

    • וְנֹקֵם֙venokemconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and avenging
    • נֹקֵ֥םnokemverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: avenging
    • נֹקֵ֤םnokemverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: avenging

The letters

Gematria 190· 750 mispar gadol

Where it leads

How the numbers are counted

Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.

Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.

The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.

The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.

Hebrew and Greek text, word tagging and grammar: STEP Bible (www.STEPBible.org), Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0. Their grammar codes are written out in English here and shown as tagged beside each one.

Meaning and senses: STEP Bible TBESH gloss (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary key: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890, public domain). English verse text: Berean Standard Bible (public domain, 2023).

Revised 2026-09-05. Every cited work, the sources registry →