Hebrew verb · H5358
נָקַם
naqamnaw-kam'
to avenge
35 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key
Concordance spelling: nâqam
Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H5358is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.
- 15 of 39Old Testament books
- 31spellings
The definition in full
Strong's key (1890) · H5358
to grudge, i.e. avenge or punish
The King James renders it: avenge(-r, self), punish, revenge (self), [idiom] surely, take vengeance.
James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.
Summary
naqam is rendered "to avenge". It stands 35 times in the Hebrew text, across fifteen books.
- Seven of the uses stand in Jeremiah, more than in any other book.
- Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Genesis 4:15“Not so!” replied the LORD. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him.
- The Greek text spells it thirty-one different ways.
The first use
“Not so!” replied the LORD. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him.
Genesis 4:15יֻקָּ֑ם
The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.
Where the word stands
What the word means
Each meaning, and the words it is translated by
How the Greek text is glossed, word by word
- he will be avenged4
- will it avenge itself3
- and an avenger2
- and I will avenge2
- and I will avenge myself2
- avenge2
- avenging2
- to avenge himself2
- and avenge yourself1
- and avenging1
- and avenging yourself1
- and he will avenge me1
and 12 more, 35 uses in all
The words built on the same word-part
Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.
The words it stands beside
All 35, in canonical order
Every use, in order
Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.
31 spellings and their grammar
STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.
How it is spelled
- תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם3
- וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃2
- לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם2
- בִּנְקֹ֥ם1
- הִנָּ֣קְמוּ1
- וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה1
- וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה1
- וְהִנָּ֤קֶם1
- וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּ1
- וְ֝נֹקֵ֗ם1
- וְנֹקֵם֙1
- וְנִקְּמ֥וּ1
and 19 more spellings in the ledger below.
The grammar of each form
- preposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)3HR/VNcc
- verb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular3HVHi3ms
- verb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singular3HVti3fs
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singular2HC/VNc1cs
- Hc/Vpq1cs2Hc/Vpq1cs
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular2HC/Vqrmsa
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · reflexive (hithpael), participle · masculine singular2HC/Vtrmsa
- preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)2HR/Vqcc
- verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular2HVqi3ms
- verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular2HVqrmsa
- Hc/VNq1cs1Hc/VNq1cs
- Hc/VNq3cp1Hc/VNq3cp
Genesis
two uses
“Not so!” replied the LORD. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him.
- יֻקָּ֑םyukamverb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged
If Cain is avenged sevenfold, then Lamech seventy-sevenfold.”
- יֻקַּם־yukam-verb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged
Exodus
three uses
If a man strikes his manservant or maidservant with a rod, and the servant dies by his hand, he shall surely be punished.
- נָקֹ֖םnakomverb · simple (qal), infinitive absolutetagged: certainly to avenge
- יִנָּקֵֽם׃yinakemverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged
However, if the servant gets up after a day or two, the owner shall not be punished, since the servant is his property.
- יֻקַּ֔םyukamverb · causative passive (hophal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will be avenged
Leviticus
two uses
Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.
- תִקֹּ֤םtikomverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you will avenge yourself
And I will bring a sword against you to execute the vengeance of the covenant. Though you withdraw into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hand of the enemy.
- נֹקֶ֙מֶת֙nokemetverb · simple (qal), participle · feminine singulartagged: avenge
Numbers
one use
“Take vengeance on the Midianites for the Israelites. After that, you will be gathered to your people.”
- נְקֹ֗םnekomverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: avenge
Deuteronomy
one use
Rejoice, O heavens, with Him, and let all God’s angels worship Him. Rejoice, O nations, with His people; for He will avenge the blood of His children. He will take vengeance on His adversaries and repay those who hate Him; He will cleanse His land and His people.
- יִקּ֑וֹםyikomverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will avenge
Joshua
one use
So the sun stood still and the moon stopped until the nation took vengeance upon its enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? “So the sun stopped in the middle of the sky and delayed going down about a full day.”
- יִקֹּ֥םyikomverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: it avenged itself on
Judges
two uses
And Samson told them, “Because you have done this, I will not rest until I have taken vengeance upon you.”
- נִקַּ֥מְתִּיnikamtiverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I have avenged myself
Then Samson called out to the LORD: “O Lord GOD, please remember me. Strengthen me, O God, just once more, so that with one vengeful blow I may pay back the Philistines for my two eyes.”
- וְאִנָּקְמָ֧הveinakemahconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: so let me avenge myself
1 Samuel
three uses
Now the men of Israel were in distress that day, for Saul had placed the troops under an oath, saying, “Cursed is the man who eats any food before evening, before I have taken vengeance on my enemies.” So none of the troops tasted any food.
- וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙venikamtiHc/VNq1cstagged: and I will avenge myself
Saul replied, “Say to David, ‘The king desires no other dowry but a hundred Philistine foreskins as revenge on his enemies.’” But Saul intended to cause David’s death at the hands of the Philistines.
- לְהִנָּקֵ֖םlehinakempreposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge himself
May the LORD judge between you and me, and may the LORD take vengeance on you, but my hand will never be against you.
- וּנְקָמַ֥נִיunekamaniHc/Vqq3ms/Sp1bstagged: and he will avenge me
2 Kings
one use
And you are to strike down the house of your master Ahab, so that I may avenge the blood of My servants the prophets and the blood of all the servants of the LORD shed by the hand of Jezebel.
- וְנִקַּמְתִּ֞יvenikamtiHc/Vpq1cstagged: and I will avenge
Esther
one use
A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
- לְהִנָּקֵ֖םlehinakempreposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge themselves
Psalms
three uses
From the mouths of children and infants You have ordained praise on account of Your adversaries, to silence the enemy and avenger.
- וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃umitnakemconjunction (“and”) + verb · reflexive (hithpael), participle · masculine singulartagged: and an avenger
at the voice of the scorner and reviler, because of the enemy, bent on revenge.
- וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃umitnakemconjunction (“and”) + verb · reflexive (hithpael), participle · masculine singulartagged: and an avenger
O LORD our God, You answered them. You were a forgiving God to them, yet an avenger of their misdeeds.
- וְ֝נֹקֵ֗םvenokemconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and avenging yourself
Isaiah
one use
Therefore the Lord GOD of Hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, declares: “Ah, I will be relieved of My foes and avenge Myself on My enemies.
- וְאִנָּקְמָ֖הveinakemahconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: and I will avenge myself
Jeremiah
seven uses
Should I not punish them for these things?” declares the LORD. “Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?
- תִתְנַקֵּ֖םtitnakemverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: will it avenge itself
Should I not punish them for these things?” declares the LORD. “Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?
- תִתְנַקֵּ֖םtitnakemverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: will it avenge itself
Should I not punish them for these things? declares the LORD. Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?”
- תִתְנַקֵּ֖םtitnakemverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: will it avenge itself
You understand, O LORD; remember me and attend to me. Avenge me against my persecutors. In Your patience, do not take me away. Know that I endure reproach for Your honor.
- וְהִנָּ֤קֶםvehinakemconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: and avenge yourself
For that day belongs to the Lord GOD of Hosts, a day of vengeance against His foes. The sword will devour until it is satisfied, until it is quenched with their blood. For the Lord GOD of Hosts will hold a sacrifice in the land of the north by the River Euphrates.
- לְהִנָּקֵ֣םlehinakempreposition + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge himself
Raise a war cry against her on every side! She has thrown up her hands in surrender; her towers have fallen; her walls are torn down. Since this is the vengeance of the LORD, take out your vengeance upon her; as she has done, do the same to her.
- הִנָּ֣קְמוּhinakemuverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), command · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: avenge yourself
Therefore this is what the LORD says: “Behold, I will plead your case and take vengeance on your behalf; I will dry up her sea and make her springs run dry.
- וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖יvenikamtiHc/Vpq1cstagged: and I will avenge
Ezekiel
four uses
In order to stir up wrath and take vengeance, I have placed her blood on the bare rock, so that it would not be covered.’
- לִנְקֹ֣םlinkompreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to avenge
This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because Edom acted vengefully against the house of Judah, and in so doing incurred grievous guilt,
- בִּנְקֹ֥םbinkompreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: by avenging itself
- וְנִקְּמ֥וּvenikemuHc/VNq3cptagged: and they have avenged themselves
This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because the Philistines acted in vengeance, taking vengeance with malice of soul to destroy Judah with ancient hostility,
- וַיִּנָּקְמ֤וּvaiyinakemuHc/VNw3mptagged: and they avenged themselves
Nahum
three uses
The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and full of wrath. The LORD takes vengeance on His foes and reserves wrath for His enemies.
- וְנֹקֵם֙venokemconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and avenging
- נֹקֵ֥םnokemverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: avenging
- נֹקֵ֤םnokemverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: avenging
The letters
Gematria 190· 750 mispar gadol
Where it leads
How the numbers are counted
Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.
Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.
The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.
The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.
