1 Samuelchapter 13
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Original Language
1 Samuel 13— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Jonathan strikes Geba; the people hide in caves and pits1
1 Samuel 13:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
בֶּן־ben-[was] a son ofH1121שָׁנָ֖הshanahyear[s]H8141שָׁא֣וּלshaulSaulH7586בְּמָלְכ֑וֹbemalekhowhen became king heH4427וּשְׁתֵּ֣יusheteiand twoH8147שָׁנִ֔יםshanimyearsH8141מָלַ֖ךְmalakhhe reignedH4427עַל־ʾal-overH5921יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃yisraelIsraelH3478שְׁלֹשִׁיםsheloshimthirtyH7970וְאַרְבָּעִ֣יםvearbaimand fortyH705
Rashi on I Samuel 13:1
One year was Shaul in his reign. Our Rabbis, of sainted memory, said, 1 Maseches Yoma 22b. [Shaul was] like a one year old, who did not experience the taste of sin.
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1 Samuel 13:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּבְחַר־vaiyivchar-and he choseH977ל֨וֹlofor <the> himselfשָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתsheloshetthreeH7969אֲלָפִים֮ʾalafimthousand<s>H505מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֒miyisraelfrom IsraelH3478וַיִּהְי֨וּvaiyihyuand they wereH1961עִם־ʾim-withH5973שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586אַלְפַּ֗יִםʾalpayimtwo thousandH505בְּמִכְמָשׂ֙bemikhmasat MicmashH4363וּבְהַ֣רuveharand in [the] hill country ofH2022בֵּֽית־beit-Beth-H1008אֵ֔לʾel-elH1008וְאֶ֗לֶףveelefand one thousandH505הָיוּ֙hayuthey wereH1961עִם־ʾim-withH5973י֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyonatanJonathanH3129בְּגִבְעַ֖תbegivatat Gibeah ofH1390בִּנְיָמִ֑יןbinyaminBenjaminH1144וְיֶ֣תֶרveyeterand [the] rest ofH3499הָעָ֔םhaamthe peopleH5971שִׁלַּ֖חshilachhe sent awayH7971אִ֥ישׁʾisheach manH376לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃leohalavto tents hisH168
1 Samuel 13:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּ֣ךְvaiyakhand he attackedH5221יוֹנָתָ֗ןyonatanJonathanH3129אֵ֣תʾet<obj.>H853נְצִ֤יבnetziv[the] garrison ofH5333פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙pelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834בְּגֶ֔בַעbegeva'[was] at GebaH1387וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּvaiyishmeuand they heardH8085פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וְשָׁאוּל֩veshauland SaulH7586תָּקַ֨עtaka'he gave a blastH8628בַּשּׁוֹפָ֤רbashofaron the trumpetH7782בְּכָל־bekholin allH3605הָאָ֙רֶץ֙haaretzthe landH776לֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559יִשְׁמְע֖וּyishmeulet them hearH8085הָעִבְרִֽים׃haivrimthe HebrewsH5680
1 Samuel 13:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְכָל־vekholand allH3605יִשְׂרָאֵ֞לyisraelIsraelH3478שָׁמְע֣וּshameuthey heardH8085לֵאמֹ֗רlemor<to> sayingH559הִכָּ֤הhikahhe has attackedH5221שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853נְצִ֣יבnetziv[the] garrison ofH5333פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וְגַם־vegam-and alsoH1571נִבְאַשׁnivashit has made itself odiousH887יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםbapelishtimwith the PhilistinesH6430וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּvaiyitzaakuand they were summonedH6817הָעָ֛םhaamthe peopleH5971אַחֲרֵ֥יʾachareiafterH310שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃hagilgal<the> GilgalH1537
1 Samuel 13:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞יםufelishtimand [the] PhilistinesH6430נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ׀neesfuthey gatheredH622לְהִלָּחֵ֣םlehilachemto fightH3898עִם־ʾim-withH5973יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לyisraelIsraelH3478שְׁלֹשִׁ֨יםsheloshimthirtyH7970אֶ֤לֶףʾelefthousandH505רֶ֙כֶב֙rekhevchariot[s]H7393וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁתvesheshetand sixH8337אֲלָפִים֙ʾalafimthousand<s>H505פָּרָשִׁ֔יםparashimhorsemenH6571וְעָ֕םveamand a peopleH5971כַּח֛וֹלkachollike the sandH2344אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhichH834עַל־ʾal-[is] onH5921שְׂפַֽת־sefat-[the] shore ofH8193הַיָּ֖םhaiyamthe seaH3220לָרֹ֑בlarofor multitudeH7230וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙vaiyaaluand they came upH5927וַיַּחֲנ֣וּvaiyachanuand they encampedH2583בְמִכְמָ֔שׂvemikhmasat MicmashH4363קִדְמַ֖תkidmat[the] east ofH6926בֵּ֥יתbeitBethH1007אָֽוֶן׃ʾavenAvenH1007
1 Samuel 13:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאִ֨ישׁveishand everyone ofH376יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לyisraelIsraelH3478רָאוּ֙rauthey sawH7200כִּ֣יkithatH3588צַר־tzar-it was distressH6862ל֔וֹloto <the> itכִּ֥יkiforH3588נִגַּ֖שׂnigasit was hard pressedH5065הָעָ֑םhaamthe peopleH5971וַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּvaiyitchabeuand they hid themselvesH2244הָעָ֗םhaamthe peopleH5971בַּמְּעָר֤וֹתbamearotin <the> cavesH4631וּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙uvachavachimand in <the> thicketsH2336וּבַסְּלָעִ֔יםuvaselaimand in <the> cliffsH5553וּבַצְּרִחִ֖יםuvatzerichimand in <the> underground chambersH6877וּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃uvaborotand in <the> cisternsH953
1 Samuel 13:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְעִבְרִ֗יםveivrimand HebrewsH5680עָֽבְרוּ֙ʾaveruthey passed overH5674אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383אֶ֥רֶץʾeretz[the] land ofH776גָּ֖דgadGadH1410וְגִלְעָ֑דvegiladand GileadH1568וְשָׁאוּל֙veshauland SaulH7586עוֹדֶ֣נּוּodenustill heH5750בַגִּלְגָּ֔לvagilgal[was] at <the> GilgalH1537וְכָל־vekholand allH3605הָעָ֖םhaamthe peopleH5971חָרְד֥וּchareduthey trembledH2729אַחֲרָֽיו׃ʾacharavafter himH310
Saul offers what was not his; the kingdom shall not continue8
1 Samuel 13:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיּ֣וֹחֶלvaiyicheland he waitedH3176שִׁבְעַ֣תshivatsevenH7651יָמִ֗יםyamimdaysH3117לַמּוֹעֵד֙lamoedto the appointed timeH4150אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834שְׁמוּאֵ֔לshemuelSamuelH8050וְלֹא־velo'-and notH3808בָ֥אva'he had comeH935שְׁמוּאֵ֖לshemuelSamuelH8050הַגִּלְגָּ֑לhagilgal<the> GilgalH1537וַיָּ֥פֶץvaiyafetzand it scatteredH6327הָעָ֖םhaamthe peopleH5971מֵעָלָֽיו׃mealavfrom with <the> himH5921
1 Samuel 13:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 13:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֗יvayhiand it wasH1961כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙kekhalotowhen finished heH3615לְהַעֲל֣וֹתlehaalotto offer upH5927הָעֹלָ֔הhaolahthe burnt offeringH5930וְהִנֵּ֥הvehinehand there!H2009שְׁמוּאֵ֖לshemuelSamuelH8050בָּ֑אba'[was] comingH935וַיֵּצֵ֥אvaiyetze'and he went outH3318שָׁא֛וּלshaulSaulH7586לִקְרָאת֖וֹlikratoto meet himH7122לְבָרֲכֽוֹ׃levarakhoto bless himH1288
1 Samuel 13:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שְׁמוּאֵ֖לshemuelSamuelH8050מֶ֣הmehwhat?H4100עָשִׂ֑יתָʾasitahave you doneH6213וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֡וּלshaulSaulH7586כִּֽי־ki-ifH3588רָאִיתִי֩raitiI sawH7200כִֽי־khi-thatH3588נָפַ֨ץnafatzit was scatteredH5310הָעָ֜םhaamthe peopleH5971מֵעָלַ֗יmealaifrom with <the> meH5921וְאַתָּה֙veatahand youH859לֹא־lo'-notH3808בָ֙אתָ֙vatayou had comeH935לְמוֹעֵ֣דlemoedto [the] appointed time ofH4150הַיָּמִ֔יםhaiyamimthe daysH3117וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםufelishtimand [the] PhilistinesH6430נֶאֱסָפִ֥יםneesafim[were] gatheringH622מִכְמָֽשׂ׃mikhmasMicmashH4363
Rashi on I Samuel 13:11
What have you done? Did I not say to you, "I will go down to you to offer the burnt-offering?" I will offer it up, and not you.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 13:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וָאֹמַ֗רvaomarand I saidH559עַ֠תָּהʾatahnowH6258יֵרְד֨וּyereduthey will come downH3381פְלִשְׁתִּ֤יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430אֵלַי֙ʾelaiagainst meH413הַגִּלְגָּ֔לhagilgal<the> GilgalH1537וּפְנֵ֥יufeneiand [the] face ofH6440יְהוָ֖הyahwehYahwehH3068לֹ֣אlo'notH3808חִלִּ֑יתִיchilitiI have entreatedH2470וָֽאֶתְאַפַּ֔קvaetapakand I forced myselfH662וָאַעֲלֶ֖הvaaalehand I offered upH5927הָעֹלָֽה׃ סhaolahthe burnt offeringH5930
Rashi on I Samuel 13:12
So I forced myself. I overcame my will, for my heart told me to wait for you, and against my will I suppressed my heart, and offered the burnt-offering. 8 Shaul realized that it was not proper for him to offer the sacrifice.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 13:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֧אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שְׁמוּאֵ֛לshemuelSamuelH8050אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּniskaltayou have acted foolishlyH5528לֹ֣אlo'notH3808שָׁמַ֗רְתָּshamartayou have keptH8104אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מִצְוַ֞תmitzvat[the] commandment ofH4687יְהוָ֤הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ʾeloheikhaGod yourH430אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834צִוָּ֔ךְtzivakhhe commanded youH6680כִּ֣יkiforH3588עַתָּ֗הʾatahnowH6258הֵכִ֨יןhekhinhe establishedH3559יְהוָ֧הyahwehYahwehH3068אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛mamlakhtekhakingdom yourH4467אֶל־ʾel-toH413יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478עַד־ʾad-untilH5704עוֹלָֽם׃olamperpetuityH5769
1 Samuel 13:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְעַתָּ֖הveatahand nowH6258מַמְלַכְתְּךָ֣mamlakhtekhakingdom yourH4467לֹא־lo'-notH3808תָק֑וּםtakumit will endureH6965בִּקֵּשׁ֩bikeshhe has soughtH1245יְהוָ֨הyahwehYahwehH3068ל֜וֹlofor <the> himselfאִ֣ישׁʾisha manH376כִּלְבָב֗וֹkilvavoaccording to own heart hisH3824וַיְצַוֵּ֨הוּvaytzavehuand he has appointed himH6680יְהוָ֤הyahwehYahwehH3068לְנָגִיד֙lenagidto rulerH5057עַל־ʾal-overH5921עַמּ֔וֹamopeople hisH5971כִּ֚יkiforH3588לֹ֣אlo'notH3808שָׁמַ֔רְתָּshamartayou have keptH8104אֵ֥תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶֽׁר־ʾasher-[that] whichH834צִוְּךָ֖tzivekhahe commanded youH6680יְהוָֽה׃ פyahwehYahwehH3068
Rashi on I Samuel 13:14
But now, your kingship shall not endure. Because Moshe said so in the Torah, "[and] he does not stray from the commandment right or left, so that days of his reign are lengthy…." 10 Devarim:20. Hence, if he does stray, the days [of his reign] will not be lengthy.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 13:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֣קָםvaiyakomand he aroseH6965שְׁמוּאֵ֗לshemuelSamuelH8050וַיַּ֛עַלvaiyaaland he went upH5927מִן־min-fromH4480הַגִּלְגָּ֖לhagilgal<the> GilgalH1537גִּבְעַ֣תgivatGibeah ofH1390בִּנְיָמִ֑ןbinyaminBenjaminH1144וַיִּפְקֹ֣דvaiyifkodand he musteredH6485שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הָעָם֙haamthe peopleH5971הַנִּמְצְאִ֣יםhanimtzeimwho were foundH4672עִמּ֔וֹimowith himH5973כְּשֵׁ֥שׁkesheshabout sixH8337מֵא֖וֹתmeothundred<s>H3967אִֽישׁ׃ʾishmanH376וַיֵּלֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980לְדַרְכּוֹledarkoon way hisH1870וְיֶתֶרveyeterand the rest ofH3499הָעָםhaamthe peopleH5971עָלָהʾalahit went upH5927אַחֲרֵיʾachareiafterH310שָׁאוּלshaulSaulH7586לִקְרַאתlikratto meetH7122עַם־ʾam-[the] peopleH5971הַמִּלְחָמָהhamilchamah[of] the battleH4421וַיָּבֹאוּvaiyavouand they wentH935מִן־min-fromH4480הַגִּלְגָּלhagilgal<the> GilgalH1537
No smith in Israel — the Philistine hold on iron16
1 Samuel 13:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְשָׁא֞וּלveshauland SaulH7586וְיוֹנָתָ֣ןveyonatanand JonathanH3129בְּנ֗וֹbenoson hisH1121וְהָעָם֙vehaamand the peopleH5971הַנִּמְצָ֣אhanimtza'which was foundH4672עִמָּ֔םʾimamwith themH5973יֹשְׁבִ֖יםyoshevim[were] remainingH3427בְּגֶ֣בַעbegeva'in GebaH1387בִּנְיָמִ֑ןbinyaminof BenjaminH1144וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםufelishtimand [the] PhilistinesH6430חָנ֥וּchanuthey encampedH2583בְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃vemikhmasin MicmashH4363
1 Samuel 13:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּצֵ֧אvaiyetze'and it came outH3318הַמַּשְׁחִ֛יתhamashchitthe destroyerH7843מִמַּחֲנֵ֥הmimachanehfrom [the] camp ofH4264פְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הsheloshahthreeH7969רָאשִׁ֑יםrashimcompaniesH7218הָרֹ֨אשׁharoshthe companyH7218אֶחָ֥דʾechadoneH259יִפְנֶ֛הyifnehit turnedH6437אֶל־ʾel-toH413דֶּ֥רֶךְderekh[the] direction ofH1870עָפְרָ֖הʾaferahOphrahH6084אֶל־ʾel-toH413אֶ֥רֶץʾeretz[the] land ofH776שׁוּעָֽל׃shualShualH7777
1 Samuel 13:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָרֹ֤אשׁveharoshand the companyH7218אֶחָד֙ʾechadoneH259יִפְנֶ֔הyifnehit turnedH6437דֶּ֖רֶךְderekh[the] direction ofH1870בֵּ֣יתbeitBethH1032חֹר֑וֹןchoronHoronH1032וְהָרֹ֨אשׁveharoshand the companyH7218אֶחָ֤דʾechadoneH259יִפְנֶה֙yifnehit turnedH6437דֶּ֣רֶךְderekh[the] directionH1870הַגְּב֔וּלhagevulthe borderH1366הַנִּשְׁקָ֛ףhanishkafwhich looks downH8259עַל־ʾal-overH5921גֵּ֥יgei[the] valley ofH1516הַצְּבֹעִ֖יםhatzevoim<the> ZeboimH6650הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ סhamidbarahthe wilderness towardsH4057
1 Samuel 13:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְחָרָשׁ֙vecharashand a craftsmanH2796לֹ֣אlo'notH3808יִמָּצֵ֔אyimatze'he was foundH4672בְּכֹ֖לbekholin allH3605אֶ֣רֶץʾeretz[the] land ofH776יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478כִּֽי־ki-forH3588אָמְר֣וּʾamarthey saidH559פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430פֶּ֚ןpenlestH6435יַעֲשׂ֣וּyaasuthey should makeH6213הָעִבְרִ֔יםhaivrimthe HebrewsH5680חֶ֖רֶבchereva swordH2719א֥וֹʾoorH176חֲנִֽית׃chanita spearH2595
1 Samuel 13:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּרְד֥וּvaiyereduand they went downH3381כָל־khol-allH3605יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםhapelishtimthe PhilistinesH6430לִ֠לְטוֹשׁliltooshto sharpenH3913אִ֣ישׁʾisheach manH376אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מַחֲרַשְׁתּ֤וֹmacharashtoplowshare hisH4281וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853אֵתוֹ֙ʾetomattock hisH855וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853קַרְדֻּמּ֔וֹkardumoaxe hisH7134וְאֵ֖תveetand <obj.>H853מַחֲרֵשָׁתֽוֹ׃machareshatoplowshare hisH4281
1 Samuel 13:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְֽהָיְתָ֞הvehayetahand it wasH1961הַפְּצִ֣ירָהhapetzirahthe chargeH6477פִ֗יםfimtwo thirds of a shekelH6310לַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙lamachareshotfor the plowsharesH4281וְלָ֣אֵתִ֔יםvelaetimand for the mattocksH855וְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁvelishloshand for threeH7969קִלְּשׁ֖וֹןkileshonforkH7053וּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑יםulehakkardumimand for the axesH7134וּלְהַצִּ֖יבulehatzivand to make straightH5324הַדָּרְבָֽן׃hadarevanthe goad[s]H1861
1 Samuel 13:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָיָה֙vehayahand it wasH1961בְּי֣וֹםbeyomon a day ofH3117מִלְחֶ֔מֶתmilchemetbattleH4421וְלֹ֨אvelo'and notH3808נִמְצָ֜אnimtza'it was foundH4672חֶ֤רֶבchereva swordH2719וַחֲנִית֙vachanitand a spearH2595בְּיַ֣דbeyadin [the] hand ofH3027כָּל־kol-any ofH3605הָעָ֔םhaamthe peopleH5971אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhichH834אֶת־ʾet-[was] withH854שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586וְאֶת־veetand withH854יוֹנָתָ֑ןyonatanJonathanH3129וַתִּמָּצֵ֣אvatimatze'and it was foundH4672לְשָׁא֔וּלleshaulto SaulH7586וּלְיוֹנָתָ֖ןuleyonatanand to JonathanH3129בְּנֽוֹ׃benoson hisH1121