Revelation 1:15
in Revelation 1His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and His voice was like the roar of many waters.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
and his feet like unto burnished brass, as if it had been refined in a furnace; and his voice as the voice of many waters.
KJV
And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.
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This verse in Revelation 1
Commentary
17 notes on this verseA commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
And his feet like unto fine brass - Compare Dan 10:6, “And his arms and his feet like in color to polished brass.” See also Eze 1:7, “and they” (the feet of the living creatures) “sparkled like the color of burnished brass.” The word used here - χαλκολιβάνω chalkolibanō - occurs in the New Testament only here and in Rev 2:18. It is not found in the Septuagint. The word properly means “white brass” (probably compounded of χαλκός chalkos, brass, and λίβανος libanos, whiteness, from the Hebrew לבן laban, white).
This site's exposition
I saw seven golden lampstands
on Revelation 1:12-16
John sees One like the Son of Man, Daniel 7:13, with hair white like wool as on the Ancient of Days at Daniel 7:9. His voice, like the roar of many waters, is God's voice at Ezekiel 43:2, and the sword recalls Isaiah 49:2.
This site's exposition
His feet were like polished bronze
Albert Barnes sets the feet beside Daniel 10:6 and Ezekiel 1:7, where the same polished bronze gleams. He notes that the Greek word occurs only here and at Revelation 2:18. Thyatira will hear this title again.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers4 voices
Thus it was, too, that God formed man at the first, because of His munificence; but chose the patriarchs for the sake of their salvation; and prepared a people beforehand, teaching the headstrong to follow God; and raised up prophets upon earth, accustoming man to bear His Spirit [within him], and to hold communion with God: He Himself, indeed, having need of nothing, but granting communion with Himself to those who stood in need of it, and sketching out, like an architect, the plan of salvation to those that pleased Him.
A commentator
Victorinus of PettauCommentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John · Written before 304.
proposed
"His feet were like unto yellow brass, as if burned in a furnace." He calls the apostles His feet, who, being wrought by suffering, preached His word in the whole world; for He rightly named those by whose means the preaching went forth, feet. Whence also the prophet anticipated this, and said: "We will worship in the place where His feet have stood." Because where they first of all stood and confirmed the Church, that is, in Judea, all the saints shall assemble together, and will worship their Lord... "And His voice as it were the voice of many waters." The many waters are understood to be many peoples, or the gift of baptism that He sent forth by the apostles, saying: "Go ye, teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost."
The feet are the human nature which he possessed in himself which he assumed out of mercy for our salvation. For just as when copper ore is refined in a furnace there is no accretion or rusty buildup on the outside, so the most pure …
"his feet were like gleaming bronze." They say that the copper mined in Mount Lebanon is both pure and self-originating, becoming purer after being purified in a furnace from the moderate impurity within it; through this, the firm and unshakable faith in Christ, bright and …
The Medieval Church1 voice
And the feet are also the foundations of the church. And they are "like bronze incense," which, the medical people say, possesses a good smell when burned, and which is called by them masculine incense. There is another interpretation: since the bronze refers to the …
9 more voices on this verse
The Medieval Church4 voices
And his feet like unto fine brass, as in a burning furnace. The fabrication of fine brass is said to be as follows: copper is thrown into a furnace, a violent fire is applied to it, a certain medicine is also thrown into it all, …
And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace. The fiery feet represent the Church of the last time, which is to be examined and tested by severe tribulations. Fine brass is brass brought to a golden color by much …
And his voice as the sound of many waters. The voice of confession and preaching and praise resounds not only in Judea but among many peoples.
And his feet are like fine brass. And he explains that the latter works of this church are more numerous than the former.
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace,....
The Nineteenth Century4 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
fine brass--Greek, "chalcolibanus," derived by some from two Greek words, "brass" and "frankincense"; derived by BOCHART from Greek, "chalcos," "brass," and Hebrew, "libbeen," "to whiten"; hence, "brass," which in the furnace has reached a white heat.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase
THE Lord Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever. Having neither beginning of days, nor end of years, He is a priest forever after the order of Melchisedek. But the views which His people have of Him are extremely varied. According to our progress in Grace, will be the standpoint from which we view the Savior; and according to the position from which we look at Him, will be what we see of Him.
THE Lord Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever. Having neither beginning of days, nor end of years, He is a priest forever after the order of Melchisedek. But the views which His people have of Him are extremely varied. According to our progress in Grace, will be the standpoint from which we view the Savior; and according to the position from which we look at Him, will be what we see of Him. Christ is the same, but Believers do not all see Him in the same clear light, nor do they all approach to the same nearness of fellowship. Some only know His offices; others only admire His Character; far fewer commune with His Person; but there are some who have advanced still further—who have come to feel the unity of all the Church with the Person of Christ Jesus their Lord. Under the Old Testament, the lesson to be taught was the same, but the capacity of the learners differed, and hence the mode of teaching the lesson differed also. A poor man, under the Jewish dispensation, was the type of an uninstructed Christian; the rich man was the picture of the well-taught Believer. Now, the poor Jew brought a turtle dove or two young pigeons (Lev 1:4-11). The necks of these were wrung, and they were offered. The poor man in that was only taught this lesson—that it was only by death and blood that his sin could be put away. The richer Israelite who had it within his power, brought a bullock (Lev 1:3-9). This bullock was not only slain, but it had to be cut in pieces; the legs, the fat, the innards were washed in water, and all these were laid in special order upon the altar. This was to teach him even as Christ now teaches the intelligent and instructed Believer, that there is within the mere act of shedding blood an order and a fullness of wisdom which only advanced Believers can perceive.
His feet like unto fine brass - An emblem of his stability and permanence, brass being considered the most durable of all metallic substances or compounds. The original word, χαλκολιβανον, means the famous aurichalcum, or factitious metal, which, according to Suidas, was ειδος ηλεκτρου, τιμιωτερον χρυσου, “a kind of amber, more precious than gold.” It seems to have been a composition of gold, silver, and brass, and the same with the Corinthian brass, so highly famed and valued; for when Lucius Mummius took and burnt the city of Corinth, many statues of these three metals, being melted, had run together, and formed the composition already mentioned, and which was held in as high estimation as gold. See Pliny, Hist. Nat., lib. 34, c. 2; Florus, lib. 2, c. 16. It may however mean no more than copper melted with lapis calaminaris, which converts it into brass; and the flame that proceeds from the metal during this operation is one of the most intensely and unsufferably vivid that can be imagined. I have often seen several furnaces employed in this operation, and the flames bursting up through the earth (for these furnaces are under ground) always called to remembrance this description given by St. John: His feet of fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; the propriety and accuracy of which none could doubt, and every one must feel who has viewed this most dazzling operation. His voice as the sound of many waters - The same description we find in Eze 43:2: The glory of the God of Israel came from the way of the east; and his voice was like the noise of many waters: and the earth shined with his glory.
The words behind it
18 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| οἱ | hoi | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| πόδες | podes | feet | G4228 → | 93 times |
| αὐτοῦ | autou | of Him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| ὅμοιοι | homoioi | [are] like | G3664 → | 45 times |
| χαλκολιβάνῳ | chalkolibano | as fine bronze | G5474 → | |
| ὡς | hos | as | G5613 → | 500 times |
| ἐν | en | in | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| καμίνῳ | kamino | a furnace | G2575 → | |
| πεπυρωμένης | pepuromenes | refined | G4448 → | |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἡ | he | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| φωνὴ | phone | voice | G5456 → | 139 times |
| αὐτοῦ | autou | of Him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| ὡς | hos | [is] like | G5613 → | 500 times |
| φωνὴ | phone | [the] voice | G5456 → | 139 times |
| ὑδάτων | hudaton | of waters | G5204 → | 76 times |
| πολλῶν | pollon | many | G4183 → | 367 times |
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
οἱthe
hoiG3588 →19766 times
πόδεςfeet
podesG4228 →93 times
αὐτοῦof Him
autouG846 →5565 times
ὅμοιοι[are] like
homoioiG3664 →45 times
χαλκολιβάνῳas fine bronze
chalkolibanoG5474 →
ὡςas
hosG5613 →500 times
ἐνin
enG1722 →2738 times
καμίνῳa furnace
kaminoG2575 →
πεπυρωμένηςrefined
pepuromenesG4448 →
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἡthe
heG3588 →19766 times
φωνὴvoice
phoneG5456 →139 times
αὐτοῦof Him
autouG846 →5565 times
ὡς[is] like
hosG5613 →500 times
φωνὴ[the] voice
phoneG5456 →139 times
ὑδάτωνof waters
hudatonG5204 →76 times
πολλῶνmany
pollonG4183 →367 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Revelation 19:6And I heard a sound like the roar of a great multitude, like the rushing of many waters, and like a mighty rumbling of thunder, crying out: “Hallelujah! For the Lord our God the…
it leads to
- Revelation 14:2
And I heard a sound from heaven like the roar of many waters and the loud rumbling of thunder. And the sound I heard was like harpists strumming their harps.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Psalms 97:1
The LORD reigns, let the earth rejoice; let the distant shores be glad.
- Revelation 14:2
Through
Revelation 2:18To the angel of the church in Thyatira write: These are the words of the Son of God, whose eyes are like a blazing fire and whose feet are like polished bronze.
it leads to
- Revelation 1:14–15
The hair of His head was white like wool, as white as snow, and His eyes were like a blazing fire.
- Revelation 1:11
saying, “Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.”
- Revelation 1:14–15
Through
Ezekiel 43:2and I saw the glory of the God of Israel coming from the east. His voice was like the roar of many waters, and the earth shone with His glory.
it leads to
- Revelation 18:1
After this I saw another angel descending from heaven with great authority, and the earth was illuminated by his glory.
- Isaiah 6:3
And they were calling out to one another: “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of Hosts; all the earth is full of His glory.”
- Revelation 18:1
Through
Daniel 10:6His body was like beryl, his face like the brilliance of lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like the gleam of polished bronze, and his voice like the sound of…
it leads to
- Revelation 19:12
He has eyes like blazing fire, and many royal crowns on His head. He has a name written on Him that only He Himself knows.
- Revelation 19:12
Through
Revelation 14:2And I heard a sound from heaven like the roar of many waters and the loud rumbling of thunder. And the sound I heard was like harpists strumming their harps.
it leads to
- Revelation 5:8
When He had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb. Each one had a harp, and they were holding golden bowls full of incense, which…
- Revelation 5:8
Where this verse is studied
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About Revelation

This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Alcuin of York, COMMENTARY ON REVELATION; Andreas of Caesarea, COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE 1:15; Apringius of Beja, TRACTATE ON THE APOCALYPSE 1:15; Bede, Commentary on Revelation; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 357: “The New Park Street Pulpit” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Irenaeus, Against Heresies Book IV; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Oecumenius, Commentary on Revelation and Victorinus of Pettau, Commentary on the Apocalypse of the Blessed John.
