Luke 3:1 BSB — MannaFest

Original language & word study

34 tagged words

Original	Transliteration	Meaning	Word study
Ἐν	En	In	G1722 →
ἔτει	etei	year	G2094 →
δὲ	de	then	G1161 →
πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ	pentekaidekatō	fifteenth	G4003 →
τῆς	tēs	of the	G3588 →
ἡγεμονίας	hēgemonias	reign	G2231 →
Τιβερίου	Tiberiou	of Tiberius	G5086 →
Καίσαρος,	Kaisaros	Caesar,	G2541 →
ἡγεμονεύοντος	hēgemoneuontos	when is being governor	G2230 →
Ποντίου	Pontiou	Pontius	G4194 →
Πιλάτου	Pilatou	Pilate	G4091 →
τῆς	tēs	<the>	G3588 →
Ἰουδαίας	Ioudaias	of Judea	G2449 →
καὶ	kai	and	G2532 →
τετρααρχοῦντος	tetraarchountos	when is being tetrarch	G5075 →
τῆς	tēs	<the>	G3588 →
Γαλιλαίας	Galilaias	of Galilee	G1056 →
Ἡρῴδου,	Hērōdou	Herod,	G2264 →
Φιλίππου	Philippou	Philip	G5376 →
δὲ	de	now	G1161 →
τοῦ	tou	the	G3588 →
ἀδελφοῦ	adelphou	brother	G80 →
αὐτοῦ	autou	when he	G846 →
τετρααρχοῦντος	tetraarchountos	is being tetrarch	G5075 →
τῆς	tēs	<the>	G3588 →
Ἰτουραίας	Itouraias	of Ituraea	G2484 →
καὶ	kai	and	G2532 →
Τραχωνίτιδος	Trachōnitidos	of Trachonitis	G5139 →
χώρας	chōras	[the] region	G5561 →
καὶ	kai	and	G2532 →
Λυσανίου	Lusaniou	Lysanias	G3078 →
τῆς	tēs	<the>	G3588 →
Ἀβιληνῆς	Abilēnēs	of Abilene	G9 →
τετρααρχοῦντος	tetraarchountos	being tetrarch	G5075 →

Rare words are the text's own signal of a deliberate thread: the fewer the occurrences, the more the places it appears belong together.

The walk

The walk8

Where the connections lead

Follow this verse’s cross-references two steps out. Each card is a verse this one points to, and beneath it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several different paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it. Every stop shows its own words, and every stop is a page.

Through
Genesis 49:10
The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.
leads to
- Numbers 24:17
  I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near. A star will come forth from Jacob, and a scepter will arise from Israel. He will crush the skulls of Moab and…
- Luke 1:32–33
  He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David,
- Psalms 60:7
  Gilead is Mine, and Manasseh is Mine; Ephraim is My helmet, Judah is My scepter.
- Isaiah 9:6
  For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government will be upon His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of…
- Isaiah 33:22
  For the LORD is our Judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our King. It is He who will save us.
Through
Luke 23:24
So Pilate sentenced that their demand be met.
leads to
- Matthew 27:26
  So Pilate released Barabbas to them. But he had Jesus flogged, and handed Him over to be crucified.
- Proverbs 17:15
  Acquitting the guilty and condemning the righteous—both are detestable to the LORD.
- Exodus 23:2
  You shall not follow the crowd in wrongdoing. When you testify in a lawsuit, do not pervert justice by siding with the crowd.

The gold bar shows how strongly the cross-reference sources tie the two verses together: a long bar means many compiled references make the connection, a short one means few.

Luke 23:6–11When Pilate heard this, he asked if the man was a Galilean.Genesis 49:10The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.Matthew 27:2They bound Him, led Him away, and handed Him over to Pilate the governor.Luke 23:24So Pilate sentenced that their demand be met.Mark 6:17For Herod himself had ordered that John be arrested and bound and imprisoned, on account of his brother Philip’s wife Herodias, whom Herod had married.Luke 2:1Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that a census should be taken of the whole empire.Acts 4:27In fact, this is the very city where Herod and Pontius Pilate conspired with the Gentiles and the people of Israel against Your holy servant Jesus, whom You anointed.Luke 9:7When Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening, he was perplexed. For some were saying that John had risen from the dead,Luke 23:7And learning that Jesus was under Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent Him to Herod, who himself was in Jerusalem at that time.Acts 13:1Now in the church at Antioch there were prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen (who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch), and Saul.Luke 3:19But when he rebuked Herod the tetrarch regarding his brother’s wife Herodias and all the evils he had done,Matthew 14:3Now Herod had arrested John and bound him and put him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife,Acts 26:30Then the king and the governor rose, along with Bernice and those seated with them.Luke 23:1–4Then the whole council rose and led Jesus away to Pilate.Acts 24:27After two years had passed, Felix was succeeded by Porcius Festus. And wishing to do the Jews a favor, Felix left Paul in prison.Matthew 14:1At that time Herod the tetrarch heard the reports about Jesus Acts 23:26Claudius Lysias, To His Excellency, Governor Felix: Greetings.Acts 11:28One of them named Agabus stood up and predicted through the Spirit that a great famine would sweep across the whole world. (This happened under Claudius.)

Evidence4

What the record shows

Philip the Tetrarch — attested in contemporary inscriptionwell-supported
Josephus; coins
Biblical figure (Tetrarch of Iturea/Trachonitis, 4 BC-AD 34) identified in extra-biblical epigraphy.
Counterpoint: Philip is well attested by Josephus and by his own coinage. The friction is with Mark 6:17, which calls Herodias the wife of "Philip": Josephus has Philip the Tetrarch marrying Herodias's daughter Salome, and names Herodias's first husband simply Herod â€” so the Gospel's Philip and the tetrarch are probably not the same man.
Pilate Stonewell-supported
Reused in the theater at Caesarea Maritima · Israel Museum, Jerusalem (replica at Caesarea)
Counterpoint: The block was cut down for reuse in the theater steps, so the text is incomplete and its opening word is restored â€” GÃ©za AlfÃ¶ldy's proposal that Pilate dedicated a lighthouse called the Tiberieum is one reading among several still debated. What survives securely is Pilate's name and his title, prefect of Judea; the stone says nothing about the events of the Gospels.
Tiberius (Caesar) — attested in contemporary inscriptionwell-supported
Vast inscriptions and coins
Biblical figure (Roman emperor, AD 14-37) identified in extra-biblical epigraphy.
Counterpoint: Tiberius is attested past any doubt. What scholars argue over is Luke 3:1's "fifteenth year": counted from his sole rule (AD 14) it yields AD 28/29, counted from his earlier joint command it yields AD 26/27, and Syrian versus Roman calendar reckoning shifts it again â€” the choice moves the whole date of Jesus's ministry.
Herod Antipas — attested in contemporary inscriptionwell-supported
Josephus; coins minted at Tiberias
Biblical figure (Tetrarch of Galilee, 4 BC-AD 39) identified in extra-biblical epigraphy.
Counterpoint: Antipas's rule is solidly documented in Josephus and on coins from Tiberias. Two frictions remain: Mark 6:14 calls him "king" when his actual title was tetrarch â€” Josephus says his later bid for the royal title got him exiled â€” and Josephus gives a different motive for John's execution, political fear rather than Herodias's grudge.

Featured studies on this passage

On Luke 3:1

Archaeology and the Bible (the Evidence Ledger), MannaFest

Open the study →

On Luke 3:1

Luke (the Savior of All)

Open the study →

Walks through Luke 3

Adam to Noah

Ten generations, sixteen centuries, and one man who did not die — the register of Genesis 5, read honestly.

Open the study →

The Tree of Jesse — Circle of Geertgen tot Sint Jans

Walks through Luke 3

The Genealogies of Christ

Two genealogies, two different fathers for Joseph, two different sons of David. Behind the apparent contradiction is some of the most elegant theological architecture in scripture.

Open the study →

Walks through Luke 3

The Jeconiah Blood Curse

God swore no descendant of Jeconiah would ever reign — yet Matthew runs Messiah's line straight through him; the virgin birth is how both stay true.

Open the study →

Walks through Luke 3

Jesus at Twelve (Luke 2), MannaFest

Open the study →

Commentary

The record, by era

Voices on this verse

Original language & word study

The walk

Where the connections lead

Featured studies on this passage

About Luke

The record, by era

What the record shows

Where the connections lead

01Commentary

The record, by era

Voices on this verse

02Original language & word study

03The walk

Where the connections lead

04Related verses

What the record shows

05Featured studies on this passage

06About Luke

The record, by era

What the record shows

Where the connections lead

Commentary

Original language & word study

The walk

Related verses

Featured studies on this passage

About Luke