Luke 3:5
in Luke 3Every valley shall be filled in, and every mountain and hill made low. The crooked ways shall be made straight, and the rough ways smooth.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Every valley shall be filled, And every mountain and hill shall be brought low; And the crooked shall become straight, And the rough ways smooth;
KJV
Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth;
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This verse in Luke 3
Commentary
22 notes on this verse(in Esai. 40. lib. 3.) But suppose some one should answer, saying, How shall we prepare the way of the Lord, or how shall we make His paths straight? since so many are the hindrances to those who wish to lead an honest life. To this the word of prophecy replies, There are some ways and paths by no means easy to travel, being in some places hilly and rugged, in others steep and precipitous; to remove which it says, Every valley shall be filled, every mountain and hill shall he brought low.
This site's exposition
Every valley shall be filled
on Luke 3:5-6
Matthew and Mark quote Isaiah 40:3 and stop with the call for straight paths. Luke alone carries the quotation on to its close, all humanity will see God’s salvation, reaching past Israel to the Gentiles.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
(non occ.) But as the hills differ from mountains in respect of height, in other things are the same, so also the adverse powers agree indeed in purpose, but are distinguished from one another in the enormity of their offences.
For when Jesus had come and sent His Spirit, every valley was filled with good works, and the fruits of the Holy Spirit, which if thou hast, thou wilt not only cease to become a valley, but will begin also to be a mountain of God. Or you may understand the mountains and hills to be the hostile powers, which have been overthrown by the coming of Christ.
(ubi sup.) Or by the valleys he means a quiet habitual practice of virtue, as in the Psalms, The valleys shall be filled with corn. (Ps. 65:13.) (ubi sup.) Or, He orders the valleys to be filled, the mountains and hills to be cast down, to show that the rule of virtue neither fails from want of good, nor transgresses from excess.
But Luke expresses somewhat further: not repeating the exordium, and so passing on, but setting down likewise all the prophecy. "For every valley," saith he, "shall be filled; and every mountain and hill shall be brought low; and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways smooth; and all flesh shall see the salvation of God." Dost thou perceive how the prophet hath anticipated all by his words; the concourse of the people. Thus, when he saith, "Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low, and the rough ways shall be made smooth;" he is signifying the exaltation of the lowly, the humiliation of the self-willed, the hardness of the law changed into easiness of faith. For it is no longer toils and labors, saith he, but grace, and forgiveness of sins, affording great facility of salvation. Next he states the cause of these things, saying, "All flesh shall see the salvation of God;" no longer Jews and proselytes only, but also all earth and sea, and the whole race of men. Because by "the crooked things" he signified our whole corrupt life, publicans, harlots, robbers, magicians, as many as having been perverted before afterwards walked in the right way: much as He Himself likewise said, "publicans and harlots go into the kingdom of God before you," because they believed. And in other words also again the prophet declared the self-same thing, thus saying, "Then wolves and lambs shall feed together." For like as here by the hills and valleys, he meant that incongruities of character are blended into one and the same evenness of self-restraint, so also there, by the characters of the brute animals indicating the different dispositions of men, he again spoke of their being linked in one and the same harmony of godliness. Here also, as before, stating the cause. […]
(ubi sup.) He denounces the haughty and arrogant by the name of mountains, whom Christ has brought low. But by the hills He implies the wreckless, not only because of the pride of their hearts, but because of the barrenness of despair. For the hill produces no fruit.
15 more voices on this verse
The Church Fathers1 voice
As messenger of God, who was about to come, He faithfully observed this law, constructing well, That every hill might low become and tough ways plain, Lest when the truth should glide from heaven down to earth It then would find a barrier to its …
The Medieval Church8 voices
It is also shown thirdly to have the office of consoling through promise, when it is added: Every valley etc.; in which he foretells the effect of Christ's coming with respect to the humble just, with respect to sinners, and with respect to all. — …
Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low. What is designated by the name of valleys in this place except the humble, what by mountains and hills except proud people? At the coming of the Redeemer, therefore, valleys were filled, but mountains and hills were brought low, because according to his voice: Everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and everyone who humbles himself will be exalted. For a valley that is filled grows, but a mountain and hill that is brought low decreases, because indeed in the faith of the Mediator of God and men, the man Christ Jesus, the Gentiles received the fullness of grace, while Judea through the error of unbelief lost that by which it was puffed up. For every valley shall be filled, because the hearts of the humble will be filled with the grace of virtues through the eloquence of sacred teaching, according to what is written: He sends forth springs in the valleys. And from which again it is said: And the valleys shall abound with grain. For water flows down from mountains; because the teaching of truth abandons proud minds. But springs rise in the valleys, because humble minds receive the word of preaching. […]
The text continues: "And the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth." The crooked are made straight when the hearts of the wicked, twisted by injustice, are directed to the rule of justice. And the rough are changed into smooth ways when harsh and wrathful minds, through the infusion of heavenly grace, return to the gentleness of meekness. For when the word of truth is not received by a wrathful mind, the roughness of the path, as it were, repels the step of one journeying. But when a wrathful mind, through the received grace of meekness, accepts the word of correction or exhortation, there the preacher finds a smooth way where previously, because of the roughness of the path, he was unable to proceed—that is, to set the step of preaching.
(20. in Ev.) Or, the valley when filled increases, but the mountains and hills when brought low decrease, because the Gentiles by faith in Christ receive fulness of grace, but the Jews by their sin of treachery have lost that wherein they boasted. For the humble receive a gift because the hearts of the proud they keep afar off.
Then it is as if someone asked: how shall we accomplish this? For virtue is not easy to fulfill and encounters many snares and obstacles both from the evil powers and from the passions dwelling in us. He answers that nothing will be difficult, but …
Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be made low. What else is meant by the term valley in this place but the humble; what else by mountains and hills but proud men? At the coming of the Redeemer, therefore, the …
The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth. The crooked are made straight when the hearts of the wicked, twisted by injustice, are guided to the rule of justice. The rough ways are made smooth when harsh and irascible …
(ubi sup.) But the crooked places are become straight, when the hearts of the wicked, perverted by a course of injustice, are directed to the rule of justice. But the rough ways are changed to smooth, when fierce and savage dispositions by the influence of Divine grace return to gentleness and meckness.
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
But it seems rather to be meant of the gospel of Christ, of which that was the introduction. The humble shall by it be enriched with grace: Every valley that lies low and moist shall be filled and be exalted.
Every valley shall be filled,....
The Nineteenth Century4 voices
Every they shall be filled - All hinderances shall be taken out of the way: a quotation from the Greek version of Isa 40:4, containing an allusion to the preparations made in rough countries to facilitate the march of mighty kings and conquerors. See the instance produced on Mat 3:3 (note).
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
Every valley, &c.--levelling and smoothing, obvious figures, the sense of which is in the first words of the proclamation, "Prepare ye the way of the Lord."
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
proposed
These verses describe the beginning of the Gospel of Christ. It began with the preaching of John the Baptist. The Jews could never say, that when Messiah came, He came without notice or preparation. He graciously sent a mighty forerunner before His face, by whose ministry the attention of the whole nation was awakened. Let us notice first, in this passage — the wickedness of the times when Christ's Gospel was brought into the world.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1858)
proposed
These verses describe the beginning of the Gospel of Christ. It began with the preaching of John the Baptist. The Jews could never say, that when Messiah came, He came without notice or preparation. He graciously sent a mighty forerunner before His face, by whose ministry the attention of the whole nation was awakened. Let us notice first, in this passage — the wickedness of the times when Christ's Gospel was brought into the world. The opening verses of the chapter tell us the names of some who were rulers and governors in the earth, when the ministry of John the Baptist began. It is a melancholy list, and full of instruction. There is hardly a name in it which is not infamous for wickedness . Tiberius, and Pontius Pilate, and Herod, and his brother, and Annas, and Caiaphas — were men of whom we know little or nothing but evil. The earth seemed given into the hands of the wicked. (Job 9:24.) When such were the rulers — then what must the people have been? Such was the state of things when Christ's forerunner was commissioned to begin preaching. Such were the times when the first foundation of Christ's church was brought out and laid. We may truly say, that God's ways are not our ways. Let us learn never to despair about the cause of God's truth — however black and unfavorable its prospects may appear . At the very time when things seem hopeless — God may be preparing a mighty deliverance. At the very season when Satan's kingdom seems to be triumphing, the "little stone, cut without hands," may be on the point of crushing it to pieces. The darkest hour of the night — is often that which just precedes the day. Let us beware of slackening our hands from any work of God, because of the wickedness of the times , or the number and power of our adversaries. "He who observes the wind shall not sow — and he who regards the clouds shall not reap."
The words behind it
21 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| πᾶσα | pasa | Every | G3956 → | 1235 times |
| φάραγξ | pharagx | valley | G5327 → | |
| πληρωθήσεται | plerothesetai | will be filled | G4137 → | 86 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| πᾶν | pan | every | G3956 → | 1235 times |
| ὄρος | oros | mountain | G3735 → | 62 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| βουνὸς | bounos | hill | G1015 → | |
| ταπεινωθήσεται· | tapeinothesetai | will be made low; | G5013 → | 14 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἔσται | estai | will become | G1510 → | 2333 times |
| τὰ | ta | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| σκολιὰ | skolia | crooked | G4646 → | |
| εἰς | eis | into | G1519 → | 1755 times |
| εὐθείαν | eutheian | straight | G2117 → | |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| αἱ | hai | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| τραχεῖαι | tracheiai | rough | G5138 → | |
| εἰς | eis | into | G1519 → | 1755 times |
| ὁδοὺς | hodous | ways | G3598 → | 101 times |
| λείας· | leias | smooth; | G3006 → |
πᾶσαEvery
pasaG3956 →1235 times
φάραγξvalley
pharagxG5327 →
πληρωθήσεταιwill be filled
plerothesetaiG4137 →86 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
πᾶνevery
panG3956 →1235 times
ὄροςmountain
orosG3735 →62 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
βουνὸςhill
bounosG1015 →
ταπεινωθήσεται·will be made low;
tapeinothesetaiG5013 →14 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἔσταιwill become
estaiG1510 →2333 times
τὰthe
taG3588 →19766 times
σκολιὰcrooked
skoliaG4646 →
εἰςinto
eisG1519 →1755 times
εὐθείανstraight
eutheianG2117 →
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
αἱthe
haiG3588 →19766 times
τραχεῖαιrough
tracheiaiG5138 →
εἰςinto
eisG1519 →1755 times
ὁδοὺςways
hodousG3598 →101 times
λείας·smooth;
leiasG3006 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Isaiah 45:2“I will go before you and level the mountains; I will break down the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron.
it leads to
- Isaiah 40:4
Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill made low; the uneven ground will become smooth, and the rugged land a plain.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Isaiah 42:16
I will lead the blind by a way they did not know; I will guide them on unfamiliar paths. I will turn darkness into light before them and rough places into level ground. These…
- Psalms 107:16
For He has broken down the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron.
- Jeremiah 51:30
The warriors of Babylon have stopped fighting; they sit in their strongholds. Their strength is exhausted; they have become like women. Babylon’s homes have been set ablaze, the bars of her gates are broken.
- Isaiah 40:4
Through
Isaiah 42:16I will lead the blind by a way they did not know; I will guide them on unfamiliar paths. I will turn darkness into light before them and rough places into level ground. These…
it leads to
- Isaiah 30:21
And whether you turn to the right or to the left, your ears will hear this command behind you: “This is the way. Walk in it.”
- Isaiah 60:19–20
No longer will the sun be your light by day, nor the brightness of the moon shine on your night; for the LORD will be your everlasting light, and your God will be your…
- Isaiah 35:8
And there will be a highway called the Way of Holiness. The unclean will not travel it—only those who walk in the Way—and fools will not stray onto it.
- Isaiah 30:21
Through
Isaiah 40:4Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill made low; the uneven ground will become smooth, and the rugged land a plain.
it leads to
- Ezekiel 21:26
This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Remove the turban, and take off the crown. Things will not remain as they are: Exalt the lowly and bring low the exalted.
- Ezekiel 21:26
Where this verse is studied
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Studies16
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About Luke

This page draws on 17 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Basil of Caesarea, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bede, On the Gospel of Luke; Bonaventure, Commentary on Luke, Chapter 3; Cyril of Alexandria, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Gregory of Nyssa, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Gregory the Dialogist, Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 20; Gregory the Dialogist, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Homily on the Gospel of Matthew 10; John Chrysostom, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Origen of Alexandria, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Prudentius, HYMNS FOR EVERY DAY 7.51-55 and Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Luke.
