Joshua 10:3
in Joshua 10Therefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent word to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying,
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Wherefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,
KJV
Wherefore Adoni–zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,
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This verse in Joshua 10
Commentary
2 notes on this verseA commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
For Hebron, see Gen 13:18. Jarmuth, afterward one of the cities of Judah Jos 15:35, is probably identified with the modern Yarmuk. Lachish was also a city of Judah Jos 15:39, and, like Jarmuth, occupied by Jews after the captivity, Neh. 11:39. It was fortified by Rehoboam after the revolt of the Ten tribes 2Ch 11:9, and seems to have been regarded as one of the safest places of refuge 2Ki 14:
This site's exposition
unto Hoham king of Hebron
on Joshua 10:3-5
Four kings are summoned by name, and the five cities are Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish and Eglon, all of them in the hill country and lowland south of Gibeon. This is the first alliance in the book, since Jericho and Ai each fell as a single city, and from here Joshua meets armies rather than towns. All five are called Amorites, a term Scripture uses both of one people and as a label for the inhabitants of the land, and Genesis 15:16 had put it in place long before. The same five are counted again in the king list at Joshua 12:10 to 12.
The words behind it
22 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח | vaiyishlach | and he sent | H7971 → | 845 times |
| אֲדֹנִי־ | ʾadoni- | Adoni- | H139 → | 4 times |
| צֶ֜דֶק | tzedek | Zedek | H139 → | 4 times |
| מֶ֣לֶךְ | melekh | [the] king of | H4428 → | 2525 times |
| יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם | yerushalim | Jerusalem | H3389 → | 643 times |
| אֶל־ | ʾel- | to | H413 → | 5510 times |
| הוֹהָ֣ם | hoham | Hoham | H1944 → | |
| מֶֽלֶךְ־ | melekh- | [the] king of | H4428 → | 2525 times |
| חֶ֠בְרוֹן | chevron | Hebron | H2275 → | 72 times |
| וְאֶל־ | veel- | and to | H413 → | 5510 times |
| פִּרְאָ֨ם | piram | Piram | H6502 → | |
| מֶֽלֶךְ־ | melekh- | [the] king of | H4428 → | 2525 times |
| יַרְמ֜וּת | yarmut | Jarmuth | H3412 → | 7 times |
| וְאֶל־ | veel- | and to | H413 → | 5510 times |
| יָפִ֧יעַ | yafia' | Japhia | H3309 → | |
| מֶֽלֶךְ־ | melekh- | [the] king of | H4428 → | 2525 times |
| לָכִ֛ישׁ | lakhish | Lachish | H3923 → | 24 times |
| וְאֶל־ | veel- | and to | H413 → | 5510 times |
| דְּבִ֥יר | devir | Debir | H1688 → | 14 times |
| מֶֽלֶךְ־ | melekh- | [the] king of | H4428 → | 2525 times |
| עֶגְל֖וֹן | eglon | Eglon | H5700 → | 13 times |
| לֵאמֹֽר׃ | lemor | <to> saying | H559 → | 5305 times |
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨חand he sent
vaiyishlachH7971 →845 times
אֲדֹנִי־Adoni-
ʾadoni-H139 →4 times
צֶ֜דֶקZedek
tzedekH139 →4 times
מֶ֣לֶךְ[the] king of
melekhH4428 →2525 times
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗םJerusalem
yerushalimH3389 →643 times
אֶל־to
ʾel-H413 →5510 times
הוֹהָ֣םHoham
hohamH1944 →
מֶֽלֶךְ־[the] king of
melekh-H4428 →2525 times
חֶ֠בְרוֹןHebron
chevronH2275 →72 times
וְאֶל־and to
veel-H413 →5510 times
פִּרְאָ֨םPiram
piramH6502 →
מֶֽלֶךְ־[the] king of
melekh-H4428 →2525 times
יַרְמ֜וּתJarmuth
yarmutH3412 →7 times
וְאֶל־and to
veel-H413 →5510 times
יָפִ֧יעַJaphia
yafia'H3309 →
מֶֽלֶךְ־[the] king of
melekh-H4428 →2525 times
לָכִ֛ישׁLachish
lakhishH3923 →24 times
וְאֶל־and to
veel-H413 →5510 times
דְּבִ֥ירDebir
devirH1688 →14 times
מֶֽלֶךְ־[the] king of
melekh-H4428 →2525 times
עֶגְל֖וֹןEglon
eglonH5700 →13 times
לֵאמֹֽר׃<to> saying
lemorH559 →5305 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Micah 1:13Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.
it leads to
- 2 Chronicles 32:9
Later, as Sennacherib king of Assyria and all his forces besieged Lachish, he sent his servants to Jerusalem with a message for King Hezekiah of Judah and all the people of Judah who were…
Reached by 3 separate paths from here.
- 2 Chronicles 32:9
Through
Genesis 23:2She died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan, and Abraham went out to mourn and to weep for her.
it leads to
- Genesis 23:19
After this, Abraham buried his wife Sarah in the cave of the field at Machpelah near Mamre (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan.
- Genesis 13:18
So Abram moved his tent and went to live near the Oaks of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an altar to the LORD.
- 1 Chronicles 6:57
So the descendants of Aaron were given Hebron (a city of refuge), Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa,
- Genesis 23:19
Through
2 Kings 18:17Nevertheless, the king of Assyria sent the Tartan, the Rabsaris, and the Rabshakeh, along with a great army, from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. They advanced up to Jerusalem and stationed themselves by…
it leads to
- 2 Kings 20:20
As for the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, along with all his might and how he constructed the pool and the tunnel to bring water into the city, are they not written in…
- Isaiah 7:3
Then the LORD said to Isaiah, “Go out with your son Shear-jashub to meet Ahaz at the end of the aqueduct that feeds the upper pool, on the road to the Launderer’s Field,
- Isaiah 20:1
Before the year that the chief commander, sent by Sargon king of Assyria, came to Ashdod and attacked and captured it,
- 2 Kings 20:20
Through
2 Samuel 2:11And the length of time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
it leads to
- 1 Kings 2:11
The length of David’s reign over Israel was forty years—seven years in Hebron and thirty-three years in Jerusalem.
- 1 Kings 2:11
About Joshua

Who and where
3 names in this verse with a page on the site.
- PlaceShephelahLachishJudah's second city, besieged by Sennacherib in 701 BC, its siege carved on the walls of his palace at Nineveh and confirmed in th…
- PlaceJerusalemJerusalemThe city David took from the Jebusites and made his capital, where Solomon built the temple, where Christ was crucified and rose,…
- PlaceJudean hill countryHebronThe city of the patriarchs, where Abraham bought the cave of Machpelah, Caleb took his inheritance, and David reigned seven years…
This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament and Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: Joshua, Judges, Ruth.
