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Isaiah 40:2

in Isaiah 40

“Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and proclaim to her that her forced labor has been completed; her iniquity has been pardoned. For she has received from the hand of the LORD double for all her sins.”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem; and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she hath received of Jehovah’s hand double for all her sins.

KJV

Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the Lord’s hand double for all her sins.

This verse in Isaiah 40

Commentary

12 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Isaiah · Written before 420.

(Chapter 40, Verses 1 onwards) Console, console my people, says your God: Speak to the heart of Jerusalem, and call out to her; for her wickedness is complete, her iniquity is forgiven. She has received from the hand of the Lord double for all her sins. LXX: Console, console my people, says God. O priests, speak to the heart of Jerusalem; console her, for her humility is fulfilled. His sin has been forgiven, for he has received from the hand of the Lord double for all his sins.

This site's exposition

Comfort, comfort My people

on Isaiah 40:1-2

The second half of the book opens with a double command, Comfort, comfort My people, given to heralds who are sent to Jerusalem. They proclaim that her forced labor has been completed, and Barnes gives the Hebrew word behind forced labor the sense of hard service now discharged.

This site's exposition

her forced labor has been completed

Speak tenderly renders a Hebrew idiom that Jerome keeps word for word, speak to the heart of Jerusalem. Hosea 2:14 uses it of wooing. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown read the double through Messiah, the true Israel, who received suffering enough to answer for all her sins.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

Gregory of Nazianzus

ON HIS FATHER'S SILENCE, ORATION 16:5 · Written before 390.

proposed

How is it that some receive at the Lord's hand double for their sins and the measure of their wickedness is doubly filled up, as in the correction of Israel, while the sins of others are removed by a sevenfold compensation? What is the measure of the Amorites that is not yet full? And how is the sinner either acquitted or chastised again, acquitted perhaps, because reserved for the other world, chastised because healed thereby in this?

A commentator

Theodoret of Cyrus

COMMENTARY ON ISAIAH 12:40.1-2 · Written before 458.

proposed

The God of the universe has left the king aside to invite the priests to give courage back to Jerusalem, as if the chastisement with which it had been threatened had already occurred. This is made clear in the passage to follow: "Comfort [Jerusalem], for …

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

Exposition On Psalm 118, Sermon 18 · Written before 397.

proposed

There is also another type of consolation for those who have paid heavy penalties, as it is written in the book of Isaiah: 'Comfort, comfort my people,' says the Lord. 'Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and cry to her that her warfare is ended, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she has received from the Lord's hand double for all her sins.' Even if faith was lacking, punishment was satisfied. The penalties are mitigated for those who are acquitted by commendation of their merits.

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on Isaiah · Written before 1274.

proposed

He orders the prophets and priests to announce comfort: speak to the heart, namely, by comforting, and call them from sadness, from idolatry: I will lead her into the wilderness: and I will speak to her heart (Hos 2:14). He assigns the reason as to …

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her,.... Or, "speak to or according to the heart of Jerusalem (h)"; to her very heart, what will be a cordial to her, very acceptable, grateful, and comfortable; and let it be proclaimed aloud, that she may hear and understand it. By "Jerusalem" is meant the Gospel church, and the true members of it.
4 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

It is a good sign that mercy is preparing for us if we find God's grace preparing us for it, Ps. x. But it must be applied to John the Baptist; for, though God was the speaker, he was the voice of one crying in the wilderness, and his business was to prepare the way of the Lord, to dispose men's minds for the reception and entertainment of the gospel of Christ.

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

Double for all her sins “Blessings double to the punishment” - It does not seem reconcilable to our notions of the Divine justice, which always punishes less than our iniquities deserve, to suppose that God had punished the sins of the Jews in double proportion; and it is more agreeable to the tenor of this consolatory message to understand it as a promise of ample recompense for the effects of past displeasure, on the reconciliation of God to his returning people.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Messiah is the antitypical Israel (compare Mt 2:15, with Ho 11:1). He indeed has "received" of sufferings amply more than enough to expiate "for our sins" (Ro 5:15, 17). Otherwise (cry unto her) "that she shall receive (blessings) of the Lord's hand double to the punishment of all her sins" (so "sin" is used, Zec 14:19, Margin) [LOWTH].
Speak ye comfortably - Hebrew, על־לב ‛al-lēb as in the margin, ‘To the heart.’ The heart is the seat of the affections. It is there that sorrow and joy are felt. We are oppressed there with grief, and we speak familiarly of being pained at the heart and of being of a glad or merry heart. To speak ‘to the heart,’ is to speak in such a way as to remove the troubles of the heart; to furnish consolation, and joy. It means that they were not merely to urge such topics as should convince the understanding, but such also as should be adopted to minister consolation to the heart. So the word is used in Gen 34:3: ‘And his soul clave unto Dinah - and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly (Hebrew, to the heart) of the damsel;’ Gen 50:21: ‘And he comforted them, and spoke kindly unto them’ (Hebrew, to their hearts); see also 2Ch 32:6. To Jerusalem - The direction is not merely to speak to the people in Babylon, but also to comfort Jerusalem itself lying in ruins. The general direction is, therefore, that the entire series of topics of consolation should be adduced - the people were to return from their bondage, and Jerusalem was to be rebuilt, and the worship of God to be restored. And cry unto her - In the manner of a crier; or one making public and loud proclamation (compare Isa 40:3, Isa 40:9). Jerusalem is here personified. She is addressed as in ruins, and as about to be rebuilt, and as capable of consolation from this promise. That her warfare is accomplished - Septuagint, ‘That her humiliation (ταπείνωσις tapeinōsis) is accomplished.’ The Hebrew word (צבא tsâbâ', ‘warfare’) properly means an army or host (compare the note at Isa 1:9), and is usually applied to an army going forth to war, or marshalled for battle 2Sa 8:16; 2Sa 10:7. […]

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

Console, console My people He returns to his future prophecies; since from here to the end of the Book are words of consolations, this section separated them from the prophecies of retribution. Console, you, My prophets, console My people.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Isaiah 40:1:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 2 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

19 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • דַּבְּר֞וּspeak

    daberuH1696 →1141 times

  • עַל־to

    ʾal-H5921 →5755 times

  • לֵ֤ב[the] heart of

    levH3820 →595 times

  • יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙Jerusalem

    yerushalimH3389 →643 times

  • וְקִרְא֣וּand proclaim

    vekiruH7121 →733 times

  • אֵלֶ֔יהָto it

    ʾeleihaH413 →5510 times

  • כִּ֤יthat

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • מָֽלְאָה֙it has been completed

    malahH4390 →249 times

  • צְבָאָ֔הּservice its

    tzevaahH6635 →485 times

  • כִּ֥יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • נִרְצָ֖הit has been accepted

    nirtzahH7521 →

  • עֲוֹנָ֑הּiniquity its

    ʾavonahH5771 →233 times

  • כִּ֤יthat

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • לָקְחָה֙it has received

    lakechahH3947 →966 times

  • מִיַּ֣דfrom [the] hand of

    miyadH3027 →1618 times

  • יְהוָ֔הYahweh

    yahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • כִּפְלַ֖יִםdouble

    kiflayimH3718 →

  • בְּכָל־for all

    bekholH3605 →5413 times

  • חַטֹּאתֶֽיהָ׃ סsins its

    chatoteihaH2403 →295 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Zechariah 9:12

    Return to your stronghold, O prisoners of hope; even today I declare that I will restore to you double.

    it leads to

    • Job 42:10

      After Job had prayed for his friends, the LORD restored his prosperity and doubled his former possessions.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Isaiah 61:7

      Instead of shame, My people will have a double portion, and instead of humiliation, they will rejoice in their share; and so they will inherit a double portion in their land, and everlasting joy…

    • Lamentations 3:21–22

      Yet I call this to mind, and therefore I have hope:

    • Hebrews 6:18

      Thus by two unchangeable things in which it is impossible for God to lie, we who have fled to take hold of the hope set before us may be strongly encouraged.

  • Through

    Isaiah 61:7

    Instead of shame, My people will have a double portion, and instead of humiliation, they will rejoice in their share; and so they will inherit a double portion in their land, and everlasting joy…

    it leads to

    • Zechariah 9:12

      Return to your stronghold, O prisoners of hope; even today I declare that I will restore to you double.

    • Isaiah 60:19–20

      No longer will the sun be your light by day, nor the brightness of the moon shine on your night; for the LORD will be your everlasting light, and your God will be your…

    • Psalms 16:11

      You have made known to me the path of life; You will fill me with joy in Your presence, with eternal pleasures at Your right hand.

    • 2 Kings 2:9

      After they had crossed over, Elijah said to Elisha, “Tell me, what can I do for you before I am taken away from you?” “Please, let me inherit a double portion of your spirit,”…

Where this verse is studied

About Isaiah

This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Isaiah; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, Exposition On Psalm 118, Sermon 18; Gregory of Nazianzus, ON HIS FATHER'S SILENCE, ORATION 16:5; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Theodoret of Cyrus, COMMENTARY ON ISAIAH 12:40.1-2 and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Isaiah.