Isaiah 40:13

(Verse 12 and following) Who measured the waters in the hollow of his hand and marked off the heavens with a span? Who has held the dust of the earth in a basket, or weighed the mountains on the scales and the hills on a balance? Who has directed the Spirit of the Lord, or instructed him as his counselor? Whom did he consult to enlighten him, and who taught him the right way? Who was it that taught him knowledge, or showed him the path of understanding? Surely the nations are like a drop in a bucket; they are regarded as dust on the scales; he weighs the islands as though they were fine dust. And Lebanon is not enough to burn, and its animals are not enough for a burnt offering. All nations are as nothing before him, they are accounted by him as less than nothing and emptiness. Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand and marked off the heavens with a span, enclosed the dust of the earth in a measure and weighed the mountains in scales and the hills in a balance? Who has measured the Spirit of the Lord, or what man shows him his counsel? Whom did he consult, and who made him understand? Who taught him the path of justice, and taught him knowledge, and showed him the way of understanding? Who has shown him the way of justice, and who has taught him knowledge? Behold, all the nations are as a drop in a bucket and are accounted as the dust on the scales. Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor all the animals enough for a burnt offering. All the nations are as nothing in his sight, and they are counted as worthless. Let no one think that the calling of the nations is difficult, and that all flesh will see the salvation of God. […]

"Who has known the mind of the Lord or who rather has been his counselor?" This passage is not merely a rhetorical question. If it were, "who" could not possibly refer to anyone. Rather, the use of "who" indicates a rare personage.… All these questions … have the same answer: "For the Father loves the Son and shows him all that he himself is doing."

"Yet to us there is but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we to him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we through him." … The apostle says according to the prophecy of Isaiah, "Who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor?" And he added, "For him and through him and in him are all things," which Isaiah said of the artificer of all, as you have it. "Who has measured the water with his hand, and the heaven with his palm?" And the apostle has added, "For of him and through him and in him are all things." What is "of him"? That the nature of all things is of his will, and he is the author of all things that come into existence. "Through him" means what? That establishment and continuance are seen to have been bestowed on all things through him. "In him" means what? That all things by a certain wonderful desire and ineffable love look on the Author of their lives and the minister of their graces and functions, according to what is written: "The eyes of all hope in you," and "You open your hand and fill every living creature with your good pleasure."

Second, he shows the sufficiency of his power, that he needs no helper: who has forwarded, against the philosophers who posit that the last creatures were created by the mediation of the first creatures; of his wisdom, that he needs no counsel: or who has …

Who hath directed the Spirit of the Lord,....