1 Corinthians 9:7
in 1 Corinthians 9Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not drink of its milk?
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
What soldier ever serveth at his own charges? who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not the fruit thereof? or who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock?
KJV
Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges? who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? or who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock?
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This verse in 1 Corinthians 9
Commentary
12 notes on this verseA commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
Who goeth a warfare ... - Paul now proceeds to illustrate the right which he knew ministers had to a support 1Co 9:7-14, and then to show the reason why he had not availed himself of that right; 1Co 9:15-23. The right he illustrates from the nature of the case 1Co 9:7, 1Co 9:11; from the authority of Scripture 1Co 9:8-10; from the example of the priests under the Jewish law 1Co 9:18; and from the authority of Jesus Christ; 1Co 9:14. In this verse (7th) the right is enforced by the nature of the case, and by three illustrations.
This site's exposition
Who serves as a soldier
Three trades share one verse, soldier, vineyard planter and shepherd, each assuming that labor draws support from what it produces. The principle matches the Lord's own teaching on a worker's wages, which Paul cites as Scripture at 1 Timothy 5:18.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers3 voices
The church has its own soldiers and its own provincial officers … its vineyard and its planters, its flock and its shepherds.… Thus some are rightly fed and clothed at the expense of the charitable rich. They accept nothing for their own necessities except from those who sell their goods. They are not to be judged and condemned by the more perfect members of Christ who furnish their own needs with their own hands—a higher virtue which the apostle strongly commends. They in turn ought not to condemn as Christians of lower grade those from whose resources they are supplied.… The servants of God who live by selling the honest works of their own hands could, with much less impropriety, condemn those from whom they receive nothing than could those others who are unable to work with their hands because of some bodily weakness yet who condemn the very ones at whose expense they live.
"What soldier ever serveth at his own charges?" For since, which was the strongest point, he had proved from the Apostles that it is lawful to do so, he next comes to examples and to the common practice; as he uses to do: "What soldier serveth at his own charges?" saith he. But do thou consider, I pray, how very suitable are the examples to his proposed subject, and how he mentions first that which is accompanied with danger; viz. soldiership and arms and wars. For such a kind of thing was the Apostolate, nay rather much more hazardous than these. For not with men alone was their warfare, but with demons also, and against the prince of those beings was their battle array. What he saith therefore is this: "Not even do heathen governors, cruel and unjust as they are, require their soldiers to endure service and peril and live on their own means. How then could Christ ever have required this?" Nor is he satisfied with one example. For to him who is rather simple and dull, this also is wont to come as a great refreshment, viz. their seeing the common custom also going along with the laws of God. Wherefore he proceeds to another topic also and says, "Who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof?" For as by the former he indicated his dangers, so by this his labor and abundant travail and care. He adds likewise a third example, saying, "Who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk thereof?" He is exhibiting the great concern which it becomes a teacher to show for those who are under his rule. For, in fact, the Apostles were both soldiers and husbandmen and shepherds, not of the earth nor of irrational animals, nor in such wars as are perceptible by sense; but of reasonable souls and in battle array with the demons. It also must be remarked how every where he preserves moderation, seeking the useful only, not the extraordinary. […]
When he teaches that every man ought to live of his own industry, he begins with a copious induction of examples-of soldiers, and shepherds, and husbandmen. But he wanted divine authority.
The Medieval Church2 voices
A commentator
BonaventureDisputed Questions on Evangelical Perfection, Question 2 · Written in the 13th century.
proposed
On that passage in 1 Corinthians 9: Who serves as a soldier, etc.; the Gloss says: "As the Lord ordained, those living from the Gospel ate bread freely given, received from those to whom they preached grace freely given"; but it is called bread freely …
For all soldiers receive their sustenance from the public. He fittingly placed the service of a soldier first, for it bears a resemblance to apostolic service because of the dangers connected with it and because of the struggle against spiritual enemies. By this example he …
5 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges?....
Note, It is very natural, and very reasonable, for ministers to expect a livelihood out of their labours. He argues it out of the Jewish law: Say I these things as a man?
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3511: “The Battle of Life” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
THIS question occurs in the course of an argument. The Apostle was proving that the minister who gives all his time to the preaching of the Word is entitled to a maintenance from those people amongst whom he labours. He gives divers illustrations, amongst them this—that the soldier who devotes himself to the service of his country is not expected to find his own equipment and his own rations, but he is provided for by his country. And so should it be, he teaches us, in the Church of God.
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3511: “The Battle of Life” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
THIS question occurs in the course of an argument. The Apostle was proving that the minister who gives all his time to the preaching of the Word is entitled to a maintenance from those people amongst whom he labours. He gives divers illustrations, amongst them this—that the soldier who devotes himself to the service of his country is not expected to find his own equipment and his own rations, but he is provided for by his country. And so should it be, he teaches us, in the Church of God. The minister set apart to labour wholly in spiritual things should have temporal supplied found him. That isle topic, however, on which it would be superfluous for me to enlarge. Your convictions are so sound, and your practice so consistent, that you do not need to be exhorted, much less to be expostulated with on that matter. But the same question may be asked when we have other morals to point. Is it ever expected that men who go on a warfare should pay their own charges? There is a warfare in which all of us are engaged. What is life but a great battle, lasting from our earliest days until we sheathe sword in death? This battle we hope to win, and yet if we succeed, it will be a distinct and definite response to the challenge before us, "Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges?" We may be quite sure that if ever we attempt the warfare of life at our own expense we shall soon find ourselves failing, and it will end in a miserable defeat. Going at once to the subject, we have here:— I. AN INSPIRIRING METAPHOR. When life is represented as a warfare, some peaceful minds may feel a little alarmed at the pictures; yet there are other minds with enough of gallantry in their constitutions to feel their blood pulsing the stronger at the thought that life is to be one continued contest.
Who goeth a warfare - at his own charges? - These questions, which are all supposed from the necessity and propriety of the cases to be answered in the affirmative, tend more forcibly to point out that the common sense of man joins with the providence of God in showing the propriety of every man living by the fruits of his labor. The first question applies particularly to the case of the apostle, τις στρατευεται ιδιοις οψωνιοις· Does a soldier provide his own victuals? Οψωνιον is used to express the military pay or wages, by the Greek writers; for the Roman soldiers were paid not only in money but in victuals; and hence corn was usually distributed among them. See on Luk 3:14 (note).
The words behind it
26 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| τίς | tis | who | G5101 → | 563 times |
| στρατεύεται | strateuetai | serves as a soldier | G4754 → | |
| ἰδίοις | idiois | at [his] own | G2398 → | 114 times |
| ὀψωνίοις | opsoniois | expense | G3800 → | |
| ποτέ; | pote | at any time? | G4218 → | |
| τίς | tis | Who | G5101 → | 563 times |
| φυτεύει | phuteuei | plants | G5452 → | 11 times |
| ἀμπελῶνα | ampelona | a vineyard | G290 → | |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| τὸν | ton | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| καρπὸν | karpon | fruit | G2590 → | |
| αὐτοῦ | autou | of it | G846 → | 5565 times |
| οὐκ | ouk | not | G3756 → | 1664 times |
| ἐσθίει; | esthiei | does eat? | G2068 → | 65 times |
| ἢ | e | Or | G2228 → | 342 times |
| τίς | tis | who | G5101 → | 563 times |
| ποιμαίνει | poimainei | shepherds | G4165 → | |
| ποίμνην | poimnen | a flock | G4167 → | |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἐκ | ek | from | G1537 → | 911 times |
| τοῦ | tou | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| γάλακτος | galaktos | milk | G1051 → | |
| τῆς | tes | of the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ποίμνης | poimnes | flock | G4167 → | |
| οὐκ | ouk | not | G3756 → | 1664 times |
| ἐσθίει; | esthiei | does drink? | G2068 → | 65 times |
τίςwho
tisG5101 →563 times
στρατεύεταιserves as a soldier
strateuetaiG4754 →
ἰδίοιςat [his] own
idioisG2398 →114 times
ὀψωνίοιςexpense
opsonioisG3800 →
ποτέ;at any time?
poteG4218 →
τίςWho
tisG5101 →563 times
φυτεύειplants
phuteueiG5452 →11 times
ἀμπελῶναa vineyard
ampelonaG290 →
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
τὸνthe
tonG3588 →19766 times
καρπὸνfruit
karponG2590 →
αὐτοῦof it
autouG846 →5565 times
οὐκnot
oukG3756 →1664 times
ἐσθίει;does eat?
esthieiG2068 →65 times
ἢOr
eG2228 →342 times
τίςwho
tisG5101 →563 times
ποιμαίνειshepherds
poimaineiG4165 →
ποίμνηνa flock
poimnenG4167 →
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἐκfrom
ekG1537 →911 times
τοῦthe
touG3588 →19766 times
γάλακτοςmilk
galaktosG1051 →
τῆςof the
tesG3588 →19766 times
ποίμνηςflock
poimnesG4167 →
οὐκnot
oukG3756 →1664 times
ἐσθίει;does drink?
esthieiG2068 →65 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Proverbs 27:18Whoever tends a fig tree will eat its fruit, and he who looks after his master will be honored.
it leads to
- 2 Timothy 2:6
The hardworking farmer should be the first to partake of the crops.
- Song of Solomon 8:12
But my own vineyard is mine to give; the thousand shekels are for you, O Solomon, and two hundred are for those who tend its fruit.
- Luke 12:37
Blessed are those servants whom the master finds on watch when he returns. Truly I tell you, he will dress himself to serve and will have them recline at the table, and he himself…
- John 12:26
If anyone serves Me, he must follow Me; and where I am, My servant will be as well. If anyone serves Me, the Father will honor him.
- Matthew 24:46
Blessed is that servant whose master finds him doing so when he returns.
- 2 Timothy 2:6
Through
Song of Solomon 8:12But my own vineyard is mine to give; the thousand shekels are for you, O Solomon, and two hundred are for those who tend its fruit.
it leads to
- Song of Solomon 1:6
Do not stare because I am dark, for the sun has gazed upon me. My mother’s sons were angry with me; they made me a keeper of the vineyards, but my own vineyard I…
- Acts 20:28
Keep watch over yourselves and the entire flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which He purchased with His own blood.
- 1 Corinthians 6:20
you were bought at a price. Therefore glorify God with your body.
- Song of Solomon 1:6
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About 1 Corinthians

This page draws on 12 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, LETTER 157, TO HILARIUS; Bonaventure, Disputed Questions on Evangelical Perfection, Question 2; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3511: “The Battle of Life” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Homily on 1 Corinthians 21; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Tertullian, Against Marcion Book V and Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on 1 Corinthians.
