On this page, 7 sections
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Old Testament
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The other 55 books of the canon carry none.
11 passages
Where Scripture speaks
The passages this subject stands on, in canon order.
Furthermore, select capable men from among the people—God-fearing, trustworthy men who are averse to dishonest gain. Appoint them over the people as leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens.who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”Choose for yourselves wise, understanding, and respected men from each of your tribes, and I will appoint them as your leaders.”Have I not commanded you to be strong and courageous? Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.”Then I will give you shepherds after My own heart, who will feed you with knowledge and understanding.”“Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Woe to the shepherds of Israel, who only feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed their flock?It shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant,I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep.Keep watch over yourselves and the entire flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which He purchased with His own blood.Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they watch over your souls as those who must give an account. To this end, allow them to lead with joy and not with grief, for that would be of no advantage to you.Be shepherds of God’s flock that is among you, watching over them not out of compulsion, but because it is God’s will; not out of greed, but out of eagerness;
Leadership in Scripture, in full
The Bible's first picture of leadership is not a throne. It is a shepherd in a field, watching sheep that are not his own. Moses spent forty years doing exactly that before God called him from a burning bush. The skill God wanted was not command of an army; it was the patience to lead easily-scattered creatures through hard country.
When Moses finally led Israel out of Egypt, the work nearly broke him. His father-in-law Jethro watched him try to judge every dispute alone and told him plainly that this was not good. Moses was told to find capable men, who feared God and could be trusted, and place them over the people as leaders under him (Exodus 18:21). Leadership, from the very start, was never meant to rest on one man's shoulders alone.
Moses passed his own charge to Joshua the same way it had been given to him. Before Israel crossed into the land, Joshua was told plainly what leading God's people would require: strength, and courage, and the confidence that God himself was going ahead of him (Joshua 1:9). Leadership in Scripture is rarely comfortable. It is usually someone stepping into fear because someone else needs them to.
The prophets took the shepherd picture and used it as their sharpest tool for judging bad leaders. Through Jeremiah, God promised to raise up shepherds after his own heart, who would feed his people with knowledge and understanding (Jeremiah 3:15). Through Ezekiel, God turned the same picture into an accusation: shepherds who fed themselves while the flock starved, scattered, and was hunted with no one watching (Ezekiel 34:2). A leader who serves himself instead of the people in his care is not really leading at all.
Jesus stepped directly into this history and reversed what leadership was assumed to look like. His disciples argued more than once about who among them would be greatest. Jesus told them the opposite of what they expected: whoever wanted to be great among them had to become a servant of the rest (Matthew 20:26). Then he described himself the same way the prophets had described the leaders Israel needed and never quite got: the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep (John 10:11). Every other kind of leader protects himself first. Jesus did the opposite, on purpose, as the whole point.
That pattern became the job description he handed to his followers. Paul told the elders of the church at Ephesus to watch over the flock the Holy Spirit had put in their care, because it belonged to God, bought at the highest possible price (Acts 20:28). Peter told church leaders almost the same thing: feed the flock, watch over it willingly, not for what can be gained from it (1 Peter 5:2).
And running underneath all of it is a warning that never lets leadership become casual. Those who lead will answer for it. Scripture says plainly that leaders watch over souls as people who will have to give an account (Hebrews 13:17). That is what leadership actually costs: not applause, not authority for its own sake, but responsibility before God for people who were never truly the leader's own to begin with. Every good leader in Scripture, from Moses to Peter, is simply someone temporarily entrusted with sheep that belong to somebody else.
5 voices
What teachers have said
Jesus Christ is the best of shepherds, the best in the world to take the over-sight of souls, none so skilful, so faithful, so tender, as he, no such feeder and leader, no such protector and healer of souls as he.
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1710
Is not all humankind one flock of God? Is not the same God both Lord and Shepherd of all nations?
Tertullian · On Modesty
Written before 220.
Lift up your eyes to the mountains, by all means, from where help shall come to you—but pay attention to him saying, I myself will be the shepherd.
Augustine of Hippo · Sermon 46:25
Written before 430.
And since it is incumbent on us who seem to be in charge and in the place of shepherds to guard the flock, if we should be found negligent, what will be said to us was said to our predecessors who were such negligent leaders.
Cyprian · Epistle II:1
Written before 258.
Let the elders that rule well - Who approve themselves faithful stewards of all that is committed to their charge.
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, 1755
Where it leads
Everything the site holds on leadership
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Studies1
The words underneath
Each card is one Hebrew or Greek word behind leadership. It gives the sense, the count across the canon, and the number in Strong's 1890 concordance.
poimen: shepherd
Greek · G4166Strong's entry: a shepherd (literally or figuratively)
the New Testament's word for pastoral leadership
18 times in the New Testament · poimen, in full →
nagid: leader
Hebrew · H5057Strong's entry: a commander (as occupying the front), civil, military or religious; generally (abstractly, plural), honorable themes
nâgîyd — a commander, one set at the front to lead
45 times in the Old Testament · nagid, in full →
raah: House of Shepherds
Hebrew · H7462Strong's entry: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
the base image for all godly leadership
177 times in the Old Testament · raah, in full →
poimaino: to shepherd
Greek · G4165Strong's entry: to tend as a shepherd of (figuratively, superviser)
the verb for leading as Christ leads
11 times in the New Testament · poimaino, in full →
Character
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Subjects28
