Ezekielchapter 39
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Speaks with:Ezekiel 38×10Ezekiel 39×7Revelation 19×3Ezekiel 36×3Isaiah 37×2Hosea 1×2
Summary
Chapter summary
Gog's end on the mountains of Israel: the bow struck from his left hand, the arrows from his right, and the multitude given to the ravenous birds and the beasts of the field, with fire sent on Magog and on the isles. The clean-up is measured in years, seven years burning the weapons for fuel, seven months burying the dead in the valley of Hamon-gog. The birds are summoned to a sacrifice to eat the flesh of the mighty and drink the blood of princes, the scene Revelation 19 calls the great supper of God. Then the turn homeward: the captivity of Jacob brought back, the face no longer hidden, 'for I have poured out my Spirit upon the house of Israel.'
Context
Prophecy · Ezekiel — Ezekiel overview
- A. 1–8 Gog's weapons struck from his hand on the mountains
- B. 9–16 Seven years of fuel and seven months of burying
- C. 17–24 A sacrifice spread for the birds and the beasts
- D. 25–29 Israel brought home and the Spirit poured out
The outline
A.Gog's weapons struck from his hand on the mountainsvv. 1 to 8
Read vv. 1 to 8 →B.Seven years of fuel and seven months of buryingvv. 9 to 16
Read vv. 9 to 16 →C.A sacrifice spread for the birds and the beastsvv. 17 to 24
Read vv. 17 to 24 →D.Israel brought home and the Spirit poured outvv. 25 to 29
Read vv. 25 to 29 →
The world behind this chapter
Ezekiel 39The history
Burning the weapons for seven years sounds impossible until you remember what ancient weapons were made of. Bows, arrow shafts, spear shafts, clubs and the frames of wicker-and-hide shields were mostly wood. In a country where firewood was scarce and people cooked over dung and thorn scrub, an abandoned army's equipment really would be fuel, and the text says as much: they will not need to gather wood from the field or cut it from the forests.
The seven months of burial is a purity problem, not a tidiness problem. Under the Law, a body in the open field defiled anyone who touched it for seven days, and a hanged man's body had to be buried the same day so the land would not be defiled. A country covered in corpses could not function. So everyone buries, then professional searchers go through the land marking any bone they find with a stake so the buriers can come and remove it. The valley gets a new name, Hamon-Gog, the horde of Gog.
The birds and beasts summoned to eat are the opposite side of the same coin. Being left for scavengers was the standard curse in ancient treaties and inscriptions, the fate reserved for the enemy nobody would honour. Ezekiel turns it into an invitation to a sacrificial feast, which is a deliberately shocking way to put it.
The closing section steps back from the battlefield and explains the whole exile to the watching world. The nations will know that Israel went into captivity for their iniquity, not because God was too weak to protect them. He hid His face from them and gave them into the hand of their enemies; now He brings them back and pours out His Spirit on the house of Israel.
What it meant to them
The exiles' deepest wound was not the loss of the land; it was the suspicion that their God had failed. The last paragraph of this chapter is aimed straight at that, and it uses the word know four times over.
The promise it lands on is total: I will not hide my face from them any more. For people who had watched the glory leave the temple in chapter ten, that single sentence is the turn the whole book had been moving toward — and the next chapter opens the doors of a house it can come back into.
Sources cited
- Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions
- John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
- C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Ezekiel 39. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
