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Ezekiel 37:10

in Ezekiel 37

So I prophesied as He had commanded me, and the breath entered them, and they came to life and stood on their feet—a vast army.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into them, and they lived, and stood up upon their feet, an exceeding great army.

KJV

So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into them, and they lived, and stood up upon their feet, an exceeding great army.

This verse in Ezekiel 37

Commentary

20 notes on this verse

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On the Death of Satyrus 2.69 · Written before 397.

In minute detail the holy prophet Ezekiel teaches and describes how strength will be restored to our dry bones, feeling return and motion added; how, with the return of sinews, the whole structure of the human body will grow strong, and how the driest bones will be clothed with restored flesh and the openings of the veins and the streams of the blood will be concealed by a veil of skin drawn tautly over them.

This site's exposition

Prophesy to the breath

on Ezekiel 37:9-10

The Hebrew ruach runs through the whole vision as wind, breath and Spirit in one word. Genesis 2:7 stands behind the shape, dust formed first and breath breathed after. The breath enters, and they “stood on their feet”, “a vast army”: the valley of the slain ends as a muster.

This site's exposition

a vast army

Verse 9 called them the slain, and now they stand on their feet as a vast army. Matthew Henry draws from the two commands that preaching must be joined to prayer for the Spirit, since only God's breath gives life. The dead nation becomes a host again.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Origen of Alexandria

COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 10:233 · Written before 253.

proposed

The mystery of the resurrection is great and difficult for many of us to understand. It is mentioned also in many other passages of the Scriptures and is proclaimed no less through these words in Ezekiel.

A commentator

Gregory of Nyssa

ON THE SOUL AND THE RESURRECTION · Written before 395.

proposed

For instance, Ezekiel leaps in the spirit of prophecy over all the intervening time, with its vast duration; he stands, by his powers of foresight, in the actual moment of the Resurrection, and, as if he had really gazed on what is still to come, brings it in his description before our eyes. He saw a mighty plain, unfolded to an endless distance before him, and vast heaps of bones upon it flung at random, some this way, some that; and then under an impulse from God these bones began to move and group themselves with their fellows that they once owned, and adhere to the familiar sockets, and then clothe themselves with muscle, flesh, and skin (which was the process called "decorating" in the poetry of the Psalms); a Spirit in fact was giving life and movement to everything that lay there.

A commentator

Paulinus of Nola

POEM 31:311 · Written before 431.

proposed

If you are skeptical that ashes can be reassembled into bodies and souls restored to their vessels, Ezekiel will be your witness, for long ago the whole process of resurrection was revealed to him by the Lord. In his pages you will behold the dusty …

A commentator

Theodoret of Cyrus

COMMENTARY ON EZEKIEL 15:37 · Written before 458.

proposed

The proclamation, he says is made by me, by divine command. The bodies that were bound together came back to life, and they experienced a resurrection, and the multitude of those who rose again was not small.

A commentator

Jerome

COMMENTARY ON EZEKIEL 11:37.1-14 · Written before 420.

proposed

The vision is a famous one and is celebrated by being read in all the churches of Christ.
12 more voices on this verse

The Church Fathers6 voices

A commentator

John Chrysostom

DISCOURSE ON BLESSED BABYLAS 2 · Written before 407.

proposed

There were at all events many wonderful and great prophets among ourselves who spoke many things about the future, and they in no way used to bid those who asked them to dig up the bones of the departed. Ezekiel standing near the bones themselves was not only not hindered by [the bones] but added flesh, and nerves and skin to them and brought them back to life again.

A commentator

Aphrahat the Persian Sage

DEMONSTRATIONS 8:13 · Written before 345.

proposed

But why, my beloved, was it that those dead did not rise because of the one word [spoken] through Ezekiel, and why was not their resurrection, both of bones and spirit, accomplished [through that one word]? For look! By one word the bones were fitted together, and by another the Spirit came. It was in order that full perfection might be left for our Lord Jesus Christ, who with one utterance and one word will raise up at the last day every human body. For it was not the word that was insufficient but its bearer was inferior.

A commentator

Cyril of Jerusalem

Catechetical Lecture 18:1 · Written before 386.

proposed

The hope of resurrection is the root of every kind of good work, for the expectation of reward braces the soul to productive toil. And whereas every worker is ready to sustain his toil if he can look forward to being repaid for his labors, where toil has no recompense the soul is soon discouraged and the body flags with it. A soldier who expects his share of the spoils is ready for war. But no one is prepared to die serving a king so undiscerning that he does not provide rewards for labors. In the same way, any soul that believes in resurrection takes care for itself, as is right, but any soul that disbelieves the resurrection abandons itself to destruction. A person who believes that the body survives to rise again is careful of this garment and does not soil it by fornicating. But a person who does not believe in the resurrection gives himself up to fornication, abusing his own body as if it were nothing to him. A mighty message and teaching of the holy Catholic church is belief about the resurrection of the dead; mighty and most indispensable. While many deny it, the truth claims credence for it. Greeks deny it, Samaritans disbelieve, while heretics tear away the half. Truth never appears but in one shape, while contradiction assumes a hundred.

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ezekiel · Written before 420.

proposed

(Chapter 37, verses 1 onwards) The hand of the Lord was upon me, and He brought me out in the Spirit of the Lord and set me down in the middle of a valley; it was full of bones. And He led me around among them, and behold, there were very many on the surface of the valley, and behold, they were very dry. And He said to me, 'Son of man, can these bones live?' And I answered, 'O Lord God, you know.'

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On the Death of Satyrus 2.72-73 · Written before 397.

proposed

Note how the prophet shows that there was hearing and movement in the bones before the Spirit of life was poured on them. For, above, both the dry bones are bidden to hear, as if they had the sense of hearing, and that on this each of them came to its own joint is pointed out by the words of the prophet.…Great is the lovingkindness of the Lord, that the prophet is taken as a witness of the future resurrection, that we, too, might see it with his eyes. For all could not be taken as witnesses, but in that one all we are witnesses, for neither does lying come on a holy person or error on so great a prophet.

A commentator

Origen of Alexandria

HOMILIES ON LEVITICUS 7:2.9 · Written before 253.

proposed

If there is some excellent glory in the eye, it is particularly in this: that either it is the leader of the body or it is not abandoned by the functions of the other members. I think this is what is taught to us through that vision of the prophet Ezekiel.

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

But we call in vain, still they are dead, still they are very dry; we must therefore be earnest with God in prayer for the working of the Spirit with the word: Come, O breath! and breathe upon them. God's grace can save souls without our preaching, but our preaching cannot save them without God's grace, and that grace must be sought by prayer.

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

The explication of it, ver. 11-14 A type of the happy coalition which would be between Israel and Judah, ver. 15-22. A prediction of the kingdom of Christ, and of the glories and graces of that kingdom, ver.

quarantine:anchor (2026-07-29) — cites-ver-15-anchored-10-10

So I prophesied as he commanded me,....

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

THIS vision has been used, from the time of Jerome onwards, as a description of the resurrection and certainly it may be so accommodated with much effect. What a vision of the great day the words picture before the mind's eye! The great army of the quick, who once were dead, seem to start up as we read. Here, too, we have a very fit and appropriate question to be asked in a tomb—"Son of man, can these bones live?"

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

Such honor God gives to the divine word, even in the mouth of a man. How much more when in the mouth of the Son of God! Though this chapter does not directly prove the resurrection of the dead, it does so indirectly; for it takes for granted the future fact as one recognized by believing Jews, and so made the image of their national restoration (so Isa 25:8;

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

THIS vision has been used, from the time of Jerome onwards, as a description of the resurrection and certainly it may be so accommodated with much effect. What a vision of the great day the words picture before the mind's eye! The great army of the quick, who once were dead, seem to start up as we read. Here, too, we have a very fit and appropriate question to be asked in a tomb—"Son of man, can these bones live?" Looking down into the dark grave, or watching the sexton as he throws up the moldering relics, once infused with life, well may unbelief suggest the enquiry—"Can these bones live?" Faith cannot at all times give a more satisfactory answer than this—"O Lord God, You know." But while this interpretation of the vision may be very proper as an accommodation, it must be quite evident to any thinking person that this is not the meaning of the passage. There is no allusion made by Ezekiel to the resurrection and such a topic would have been quite apart from the design of the Prophet's speech. I believe he was no more thinking of the resurrection of the dead than of the building of St. Peter's at Rome, or the emigration of the Pilgrim Fathers! That topic is altogether foreign to the subject at hand and could not by any possibility have crept into the Prophet's mind. He was talking about the people of Israel and prophesying concerning them. And evidently the vision, according to God's own interpretation of it, was concerning them and them alone, for, "these bones are the whole house of Israel." It was not a vision concerning all men, nor, indeed, concerning any men as to the resurrection of the dead—it had a direct and special bearing upon the Jewish people. This passage, again, has been very frequently and I dare say very properly, used to describe the revival of a decayed Church.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

these bones are all the house of Israel They are an intimation and an example of the entire house of Israel in their exile, for they say, “Our bones have become dried up from the troubles; our hope is lost, and what further hope can we have for salvation?
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Ezekiel 37:11:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 5 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

14 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וְהִנַּבֵּ֖אתִיand I prophesied

    vehinabetiH5012 →115 times

  • כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust as

    kaasherH834 →5497 times

  • צִוָּ֑נִיhe commanded me

    tzivaniH6680 →494 times

  • וַתָּבוֹא֩and it came

    vatavo'H935 →2568 times

  • בָהֶ֨םin them

    vahem

  • הָר֜וּחַthe breath

    haruachH7307 →378 times

  • וַיִּֽחְי֗וּand they lived

    vaiyichyuH2421 →282 times

  • וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙and they stood

    vaiyaamduH5975 →521 times

  • עַל־on

    ʾal-H5921 →5755 times

  • רַגְלֵיהֶ֔םfeet their

    ragleihemH7272 →247 times

  • חַ֖יִלan army

    chayilH2428 →246 times

  • גָּד֥וֹלgreat

    gadolH1419 →526 times

  • מְאֹד־very

    meod-H3966 →300 times

  • מְאֹֽד׃ סvery

    meodH3966 →300 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 104:30

    When You send Your Spirit, they are created, and You renew the face of the earth.

    it leads to

    • Job 33:4

      The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life.

    • Ezekiel 37:9

      Then He said to me, “Prophesy to the breath; prophesy, son of man, and tell the breath that this is what the Lord GOD says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe…

    • Revelation 21:5

      And the One seated on the throne said, “Behold, I make all things new.” Then He said, “Write this down, for these words are faithful and true.”

    • Job 26:13

      By His breath the skies were cleared; His hand pierced the fleeing serpent.

    • Isaiah 65:17

      For behold, I will create new heavens and a new earth. The former things will not be remembered, nor will they come to mind.

  • Through

    Revelation 11:11

    But after the three and a half days, the breath of life from God entered the two witnesses, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell upon those who saw them.

    it leads to

    • Genesis 2:7

      Then the LORD God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and the man became a living being.

    • Romans 8:11

      And if the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead is living in you, He who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His…

    • Romans 8:2

      For in Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit of life set you free from the law of sin and death.

Where this verse is studied

About Ezekiel

Ezekiel’s Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
Ezekiel’s Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 18 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Ambrose of Milan, On the Death of Satyrus 2.69; Ambrose of Milan, On the Death of Satyrus 2.72-73; Aphrahat the Persian Sage, DEMONSTRATIONS 8:13; Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 582: “The Restoration And Conversion Of The Jews” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 18:1; Gregory of Nyssa, ON THE SOUL AND THE RESURRECTION; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, COMMENTARY ON EZEKIEL 11:37.1-14; Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel; John Chrysostom, DISCOURSE ON BLESSED BABYLAS 2; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Origen of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 10:233; Origen of Alexandria, HOMILIES ON LEVITICUS 7:2.9; Paulinus of Nola, POEM 31:311 and Theodoret of Cyrus, COMMENTARY ON EZEKIEL 15:37.