2 Kings 18:13 BSB — MannaFest

Original language & word study

15 tagged words

Original	Transliteration	Meaning	Word study
וּבְאַרְבַּע֩	u.ve.'ar.Ba'	and in four-	H702 →
עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה	'es.Reh	teen	H6240 →
שָׁנָ֜ה	sha.Nah	year	H8141 →
לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ	la.Me.lekh	of the king	H4428 →
חִזְקִיָּ֗ה	chiz.ki.Yah	Hezekiah	H2396 →
עָלָ֞ה	'a.Lah	he came up	H5927 →
סַנְחֵרִ֤יב	san.che.Riv	Sennacherib	H5576 →
מֶֽלֶךְ־	Me.lekh-	[the] king of	H4428 →
אַשּׁוּר֙	'a.Shur	Assyria	H804 →
עַ֣ל	'al	on	H5921 →
כָּל־	kol-	all	H3605 →
עָרֵ֧י	'a.Rei	[the] cities of	H5892 →
יְהוּדָ֛ה	ye.hu.Dah	Judah	H3063 →
הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת	ha.be.tzu.Rot	<the> fortified	H1219 →
וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃	Vai.yit.pe.Sem	and he seized them	H8610 →

Rare words are the text's own signal of a deliberate thread: the fewer the occurrences, the more the places it appears belong together.

The walk

The walk5

Where the connections lead

Follow this verse’s cross-references two steps out. Each card is a verse this one points to, and beneath it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several different paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it. Every stop shows its own words, and every stop is a page.

Through
Isaiah 10:5
Woe to Assyria, the rod of My anger; the staff in their hands is My wrath.
leads to
- Jeremiah 51:20–24
  “You are My war club, My weapon for battle. With you I shatter nations; with you I bring kingdoms to ruin.
- Isaiah 14:25
  I will break Assyria in My land; I will trample him on My mountain. His yoke will be taken off My people, and his burden removed from their shoulders.”
- Isaiah 10:15
  Does an axe raise itself above the one who swings it? Does a saw boast over him who saws with it? It would be like a rod waving the one who lifts it, or…
- Isaiah 30:30
  And the LORD will cause His majestic voice to be heard and His mighty arm to be revealed, striking in angry wrath with a flame of consuming fire, and with cloudburst, storm, and hailstones.
- Zephaniah 2:13
  And He will stretch out His hand against the north and destroy Assyria; He will make Nineveh a desolation, as dry as a desert.

The gold bar shows how strongly the cross-reference sources tie the two verses together: a long bar means many compiled references make the connection, a short one means few.

Isaiah 36:1In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah’s reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked and captured all the fortified cities of Judah.Isaiah 36:1–22In the fourteenth year of Hezekiah’s reign, Sennacherib king of Assyria attacked and captured all the fortified cities of Judah.Hosea 12:1–2Ephraim chases the wind and pursues the east wind all day long; he multiplies lies and violence; he makes a covenant with Assyria and sends olive oil to Egypt.Isaiah 7:17–25The LORD will bring on you and on your people and on the house of your father a time unlike any since the day Ephraim separated from Judah—He will bring the king of Assyria.”2 Chronicles 32:1–23After all these acts of faithfulness, Sennacherib king of Assyria came and invaded Judah. He laid siege to the fortified cities, intending to conquer them for himself.Isaiah 10:5Woe to Assyria, the rod of My anger; the staff in their hands is My wrath.Isaiah 8:7–8the Lord will surely bring against them the mighty floodwaters of the Euphrates—the king of Assyria and all his pomp. It will overflow its channels and overrun its banks.Isaiah 38:5“Go and tell Hezekiah that this is what the LORD, the God of your father David, says: ‘I have heard your prayer; I have seen your tears. Behold, I will add fifteen years to your life.2 Kings 19:4Perhaps the LORD your God will hear all the words of the Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to defy the living God, and He will rebuke him for the words that the LORD your God has heard. Therefore lift up a prayer for the remnant that still survives.”Deuteronomy 28:52They will besiege all the cities throughout your land, until the high and fortified walls in which you trust have fallen. They will besiege all your cities throughout the land that the LORD your God has given you.2 Chronicles 32:4Many people assembled and stopped up all the springs and the stream that flowed through the land. “Why should the kings of Assyria come and find plenty of water?” they said.Isaiah 28:19As often as it passes through, it will carry you away; it will sweep through morning after morning, by day and by night.” The understanding of this message will bring sheer terror.Hosea 8:14Israel has forgotten his Maker and built palaces; Judah has multiplied its fortified cities. But I will send fire upon their cities, and it will consume their citadels.

Evidence3

What the record shows

Sennacherib's Prisms (Taylor / Oriental Institute / Jerusalem)undisputed
Nineveh (Kuyunjik) · British Museum (Taylor Prism); Oriental Institute, Chicago (OIP Prism); Israel Museum (Jerusalem Prism)
Counterpoint: These are royal propaganda written to glorify the king, and they are silent exactly where it would hurt: Sennacherib never claims to have taken Jerusalem and never explains why he left. Historians such as Mordechai Cogan and Nadav Na'aman also treat his figure of 200,150 deportees as inflated well beyond what the region could have held.
Sennacherib — attested in contemporary inscriptionundisputed
Rassam Cylinder, Taylor/Oriental Institute/Jerusalem Prisms; Lachish reliefs
Biblical figure (King of Assyria, 704-681 BC) identified in extra-biblical epigraphy.
Sennacherib's campaign (701 BC)undisputed
Sennacherib Prism / Lachish reliefs
verse:2ki.18.13
Counterpoint: The 701 date is secure; what scholars still argue over is whether there was one campaign or two. William F. Albright and John Bright proposed a second invasion in the 680s to account for the mention of Tirhakah in 2 Kings 19:9, since he was young in 701. Mordechai Cogan and Hayim Tadmor and most current historians hold to a single campaign.

What the spade turned up
Isaiah 36:1
Hezekiah's reign externally anchored: Sennacherib's Prisms + Lachish reliefs (701 BC campaign) and the scientifically-excavated Ophel Hezekiah bulla; grounds the reformer-king of the Nehushtan panel as a real, datable figure.
Luckenbill, Annals of Sennacherib (OIP 2, 1924); E. Mazar, Ophel Excavations (2015)

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Commentary

The record, by era

Voices on this verse

Original language & word study

The walk

Where the connections lead

Featured studies on this passage

About 2 Kings

The record, by era

What the record shows

Where the connections lead

01Commentary

The record, by era

Voices on this verse

02Original language & word study

03The walk

Where the connections lead

04Related verses

What the record shows

05Featured studies on this passage

06About 2 Kings

The record, by era

What the record shows

Where the connections lead

Commentary

Original language & word study

The walk

Related verses

Featured studies on this passage

About 2 Kings